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965 results for “placentation”
HtrA1 in placental cell models: A possible role in preeclampsia
<p class="MDPI17abstract"><span><strong>Background: </strong>The High temperature requirement A 1 (HtrA1) is a multidomain secretory protein with serine-protease activity involved in the regulation of many cellular processes in both physiological and pathological conditions. HtrA1 is normally expressed in human placenta, and its expression is higher in the first trimester compared to the third trimester, suggesting an important role of this serine protease in early phases of human placenta development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional role of HtrA1 in in vitro models of human placenta in order to define the role of this serine protease in preeclampsia (PE)</span></p> <p class="MDPI17abstract"><span><strong>Methods</strong>: BeWo, HTR8/SVneo and HUVEC cells expressing HtrA1 and showing a cytoplasm localization of HtrA1 were used as syncytiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast and placental endothelium models respectively. Oxidative stress was induced treating BeWo and HTR8/SVneo cells with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> to mimic PE conditions in order to evaluate its effect on HtrA1 expression. In addition, HtrA1 overexpression and silencing experiments were performed to evaluate the effects on syncytialization, cell mobility and invasion processes. Finally, human recombinant HtrA1 treatments were performed to study the effects of exogenous HtrA1 on Endoglin, VEGFA, ERK1/2, NF-kB and PCNA that are molecules involved in PE onset </span></p> <p class="MDPI17abstract"><span><strong>Results</strong>: Our main data showed that the oxidative stress significantly increased HtrA1 expression in both BeWo and HTR8/SVneo cells. In addition, we demonstrated that HtrA1 has a pivotal role in cell motility and invasion processes. In particular, HtrA1 overexpression increased while HtrA1 silencing decreased cell motility and invasion in HTR8/SVneo cell model. Finally, we found that hrHtrA1 treatments of HUVEC did not alter the expression of the listed above molecules involved in PE onset; (4) Conclusions: In conclusion, our results suggest an important role of HtrA1 in regulating extravillous cytotrophoblast invasion and motility during early stage of placentation in the first trimester of gestation suggesting a key role of this serine protease in PE onset.</span></p>
Patient-Reported Erectile Recovery and Quality of Life Outcomes With Lyopreserved Placental Tissue Applied Directly Over Neurovascular Bundle During Nerve Sparing Radical Prostatectomy Versus Standard
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05366842. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Study of Placental Vascularization Using Contrast Ultrasound
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06497959. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Role of ASpirin in Placental and Maternal Endothelial Cell Regulation IN Pre-eclampsia
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03893630. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Impact of Antioxidant Juice Intake on Brain Injury and Placental Pathology in Infants With Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04394910. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Correlation Between Placental Thickness in the Second and Third Trimester and Fetal Weight
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02473991. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Magnesium Sulfate vs Placebo for Placental Abruption
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00186069. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Placental pathology findings in unexplained pregnancy losses
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Profiling the cytotoxic effects of naled and other pesticides in primary human placental cytotrophoblasts
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Data from: Role of serotonin in human placental cytotrophoblast differentiation and gene expression
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Predation risk shapes the degree of placentation in natural populations of live-bearing fish
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HtrA1 in placental cell models: A possible role in preeclampsia
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Maternal food restriction during pregnancy affects offspring development and swimming performance in a placental live-bearing fish
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Two notorious nodes: A critical examination of relaxed molecular clock age estimates of the bilaterian animals and placental mammals
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Parasite infestation influences life-history but not boldness behavior in placental live-bearing fish
<p>Parasites can negatively affect the reproductive success of hosts. Placental species may be particularly susceptible, because parasite-induced stress during pregnancy could potentially influence embryo development. Here we examine the consequences of a trematode infestation (black spot disease, BSD) for fetal development and adult behavior in 19 natural populations of the placental live-bearing fish species <i>Poeciliopsis retropinna </i>(Poeciliidae)<i> </i>in Costa Rica. First, we observed substantial variation in parasite infestation among populations which correlated with a number of local environmental conditions (elevation, river width, depth, and flow velocity). Furthermore, we observed substantial variation in parasite infestation among females within populations associated with maternal age and size. We found that the infestation rate significantly influenced embryonic development, with more heavily parasitized females producing smaller and worse-conditioned offspring at birth, possibly because a costly immune response during pregnancy limits, either directly or indirectly, nourishment to developing embryos. Finally, a behavioral experiment in the field showed that the infestation rate did not affect an individual's boldness. Our study indicates that in placental live-bearing fish parasite infestation leads to reduced embryo provisioning during pregnancy, resulting in a smaller offspring size and quality at birth potentially with negative implications for offspring fitness.</p>
Data from: Serial homology and correlated characters in morphological phylogenetics: modeling the evolution of dental crests in placentals
Accurate modeling of the complexity of morphological evolution is crucial for morphological phylogenetics and for performing tests on a wide variety of evolutionary scenarios. In this context, morphological integration and the problem of correlated categorical characters represent a major challenge. In particular, the magnitude and implications of correlations among serially homologous structures such as teeth have been much debated but were never tested statistically within a broad phylogenetic context. Here, we present a large-scale empirical study analyzing the serial variation of cingular crests on successive molars (M1, M2 and M3) of 274 placental species in a phylogenetic context. Both likelihood analyses and analysis of phylogenetic co-distributions demonstrated highly correlated evolution in the entire sample and thus the non-independence of these serial features at a macroevolutionary scale. Likelihood analyses show that their serial variation should be better scored within a single composite character model with constrained paths for transitions enabling simultaneous changes on all three molars, which suggests a strong developmental or genetic integration. These results are congruent with current molecular and developmental knowledge related to dental morphological variation and call into question the frequent use of separate characters scored on serially homologous structures of the dentition in phylogenetic analyses. Overall, they provide long-overdue and clear empirical evidence that in-depth studies of patterns of integration constitute an essential step towards more realistic character construction and modeling. This approach is critical for more accurate morphological phylogenetics and, more generally, for testing macroevolutionary scenarios on groups of correlated characters.
Data from: Differences in offspring size predict the direction of isolation asymmetry between populations of a placental fish
Crosses between populations or species often display an asymmetry in the fitness of reciprocal F1 hybrids. This pattern, referred to as isolation asymmetry or Darwin's Corollary to Haldane's rule, has been observed in taxa from plants to vertebrates, yet we still know little about which factors determine its magnitude and direction. Here we show that differences in offspring size predict the direction of isolation asymmetry observed in crosses between populations of a placental fish, Heterandria formosa. In crosses between populations with differences in offspring size, high rates of hybrid inviability occur only when the mother is from a population characterized by small offspring. Crosses between populations that display similarly sized offspring, whether large or small, do not result in high levels of hybrid inviability in either direction. We suggest this asymmetric pattern of reproductive isolation is due to a disruption of parent-offspring coadaptation that emerges from selection for differently sized offspring in different populations.
Data from: High food abundance permits the evolution of placentotrophy: evidence from a placental lizard, Pseudemoia entrecasteauxii
Mechanisms of reproductive allocation are major determinants of fitness because embryos cannot complete development without receiving sufficient nutrition from their parents. The nourishment of offspring via placentae (placentotrophy) has evolved repeatedly in vertebrates, including multiple times in squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes). Placentotrophy has been suggested to evolve only if food is sufficiently abundant throughout gestation to allow successful embryogenesis. If scarcity of food prevents successful embryogenesis, females should recoup nutrients allocated to embryos via abortion, reabsorption, and/or cannibalism. We tested these hypotheses in the placentotrophic Southern Grass Skink, Pseudemoia entrecasteauxii. We fed females one of four diets (high constant, high variable, low constant, and low variable) during gestation, and tested the effects of both food amount and schedule of feeding on developmental success, cannibalism rate, placental nutrient transport, offspring size, and maternal growth and body condition. Low food availability reduced developmental success, placental nutrient transport, offspring size, and maternal growth and body condition. Cannibalism of offspring also increased when food was scarce. Schedule of feeding did not affect offspring or mothers. We suggest that high food abundance and ability to abort and cannibalize poor-quality offspring are permissive factors necessary for placentotrophy to be a viable strategy of reproductive allocation.
Data from: Do density-driven mating system differences explain reproductive incompatibilities between populations of a placental fish?
Matrotrophy, the provisioning of embryos between fertilization and birth, creates the potential for conflict between mothers and embryos over the level of maternal investment. This conflict is predicted to drive the evolution of reproductive isolation between populations with different mating systems. In this study we examine whether density-driven mating system differences explain the patterns of asymmetric reproductive isolation observed in previous studies involving four populations of the matrotrophic least killifish, Heterandria formosa. Minimum sire number reconstructions suggested that two populations characterized by low densities had lower levels of concurrent multiple paternity than two populations characterized by high densities. However, low levels of genetic variation in the low-density populations greatly reduced our probability of detecting multiple mating in them. Once we took the lower level of genetic variation into account in our estimations, high levels of multiple paternity appeared the rule in all four populations. In the population where we had the greatest power of detecting multiple mating, we found that multiple paternity almost always involved multiple sires per brood and that paternity was often skewed towards one sire. Our results suggest that differences among H. formosa populations in levels of multiple paternity are not sufficient to explain the reproductive isolation seen in previous studies. We suggest that other influences on maternal-fetal conflict may contribute to the pattern of reproductive isolation observed previously. Alternatively, the asymmetric reproductive isolation seen in previous studies might reflect the disruption of maternal-fetal coadaptation.
Data from: Placentation and maternal investment in mammals
The mammalian placenta exhibits striking interspecific morphological variation, yet the implications of such diversity for reproductive strategies and fetal development remain obscure. More invasive hemochorial placentas, in which fetal tissues directly contact the maternal blood supply, are believed to facilitate nutrient transfer, resulting in higher fetal growth rates, and to be a state of relative fetal advantage in the evolution of maternal-offspring conflict. The extent of interdigitation between maternal and fetal tissues has received less attention than invasiveness but is also potentially important because it influences the surface area for exchange. We show that although increased placental invasiveness and interdigitation are both associated with shorter gestations, interdigitation is the key variable. Gestation times associated with highly interdigitated labyrinthine placentas are 44% of those associated with less interdigitated villous and trabecular placentas. There is, however, no relationship between placental traits and neonatal body and brain size. Hence, species with more interdigitated placentas produce neonates of similar body and brain size but in less than half the time. We suggest that the effects of placental interdigitation on growth rates and the way that these are traded off against gestation length may be promising avenues for understanding the evolutionary dynamics of parent-offspring conflict.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.