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Figure 1 Seasonal abundance ofPanonychus ulmiobserved during 2009 in Biological control of spider mites in North-Italian vineyards using pesticide resistant predatory mites
Figure 1 Seasonal abundance ofPanonychus ulmiobserved during 2009 (months are indicated in x-axis) on different treatments in vineyards
Figure 5 Seasonal abundance ofAmblyseius andersoniobserved during 2010 in Biological control of spider mites in North-Italian vineyards using pesticide resistant predatory mites
Figure 5 Seasonal abundance ofAmblyseius andersoniobserved during 2010 (months are indicated in x-axis) on different treatments in vineyards of Farm A.
Figure 2 in Comparative bite forces and canine bending strength in feline and sabretooth felids: implications for predatory ecology
Figure 2. Scatter plot figures of Log10 body mass (BM in kg) plotted against (A) Log10 bite force (in N) at the canines and (B) Log10 bite force (N) at the carnassial paracone. Symbols:, extant felids; O, Homotherium (crenatidens, latidens, serum); –, Machairodus aphanistus; +, Machairodus giganteus; O, Megantereon (cultridens, sp.); Z, Smilodon fatalis;
Figure 1 in Comparative bite forces and canine bending strength in feline and sabretooth felids: implications for predatory ecology
Figure 1. Skulls of sabrecat Smilodon populator in (A) lateral, (C) ventral, and (E) posterodorsal views, and of lion (Panthera leo) in (B) lateral, (D) ventral, and (F) posterodorsal views, to scale. Shaded areas in (C) and (D) represent the reconstructed cross-sectional area of the masseter–pterygoideus muscle groups, and in (E) and (F) represent the temporalis. The resultant force vector of the masseter–pterygoideus (M) acts through the centroid (white circle in C and D) with an inlever moment arm Im about the temporomandibular joint, and the resultant force vector of the temporalis (T) acts through the centroid (black circle in A and B, white circle in E and F) with an inlever moment arm (It) about the temporomandibular joint.
Figure 3 in Comparative bite forces and canine bending strength in feline and sabretooth felids: implications for predatory ecology
Figure 3. Scatter plots of (A) Log10 body mass (BM in kg) to Log10 canine strength for bending about the lateromedial plane [extant felids: n = 11; Log10(SAP) = −0.850 ± 0.202 + Log10(BM) 0.944 ± 0.125; r = 0.985; F = 289.132; P << 0.001]; (B) Log10 BM (kg) to Log10 canine strength for bending about the anteroposterior plane [Log10(SLM) = −0.750 ± 0.155 + Log10(BM) 0.958 ± 0.096; r = 0.991; F = 503.168; P << 0.001]; (C) Log10 bite force at canine (BF in N) to Log10 canine strength for bending about the lateromedial plane [Log10(SAP) = −2.659 ± 0.756 + Log10(BF) 1.245 ± 0.156; r = 0.987; F = 327.704; P << 0.001]; (D) Log10 BF at canine (N) to Log10 canine strength for bending about the anteroposterior plane [Log10(SLM) = −2.579 ± 0.340 + Log10(BF) 1.260 ± 0.128; r = 0.991; F = 495.725; P << 0.001]. Symbols: Δ, Metailurus major; v, Metailurus parvulus. Other symbols are the same as in Figure 2.
Fig. 1 in A non-digging zoobenthivorous fish attracts two opportunistic predatory fish associates
Fig. 1. The flying gurnard (Dactylopterus volitans; 20 cm TL) wandering close to the gravel substrate with its characteristic dotted coloration, escorted by a yellow jack (Caranx bartholomaei; 25 cm TL).
Figure 7 in Implications of the mastoid anatomy of larger extant felids for the evolution and predatory behaviour of sabretoothed cats (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae)
Figure 7. Drawing of the skull and anterior cervicals of Panthera tigris (top) and Homotherium latidens (bottom) with fibres of selected muscles. Muscle numbering as in Figs 1–5. A black circle in the condylar area represents the position of the rotation centre of the atlanto-occipital articulation. Notice how, in Homotherium, most fibres of the obliquus capitis cranialis extend well below that centre of rotation, and would therefore have a stronger head-flexing action. Notice also how the greater distance between the posterior tip of the atlas wings and the tip of the mastoid process in Homotherium makes for longer inferior fibres of the obliquus capitis cranialis muscle.
Figure 6 in Implications of the mastoid anatomy of larger extant felids for the evolution and predatory behaviour of sabretoothed cats (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae)
Figure 6. Photographs of the mastoid region of skull in female lion, Panthera leo (top) and scimitar-toothed cat, Homotherium latidens (bottom) from Incarcal, Spain (IN-I 929). Note that the back of the skull is broken in the fossil. Muscle insertion areas are marked; muscle numbering as in Figs 1–5. M, mastoid process; P, paroccipital process.
Figure 5 in Implications of the mastoid anatomy of larger extant felids for the evolution and predatory behaviour of sabretoothed cats (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae)
Figure 5. (A) Photograph and schematic representation of deep muscles of the neck in a lioness. The posterior portion of the temporalis muscle has been removed to make visible the nuchal region of skull and neck muscles attaching to it. 7, deep extensors of the neck, including rectus capitis dorsalis major and minor; Am, auditory meatus; Mp, mastoid process; Nc, nuchal crest. (B) Photograph and schematic representation of deep muscles of the neck of a male puma in ventral view. 9, m. rectus capitis lateralis.
Figure 4 in Implications of the mastoid anatomy of larger extant felids for the evolution and predatory behaviour of sabretoothed cats (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae)
Figure 4. (A) Photograph and schematic representation of deep muscles of the neck in male tiger. 5, m. obliquus capitis caudalis; 6, m. obliquus capitis cranialis; 8, m. digastricus; At, lateral border of the atlas wings; Ax, dorsal border of axis. (B) Photograph and schematic representation of deep muscles in a male puma. f, additional superficial fibres of m. obliquus capitis cranialis, dorsal to the atlas wing.
Figure 2 in Implications of the mastoid anatomy of larger extant felids for the evolution and predatory behaviour of sabretoothed cats (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae)
Figure 2. Photograph and schematic representation of superficial layer of head and neck muscles of male puma. 1, m. brachiocephalicus.
Figure 1 in Implications of the mastoid anatomy of larger extant felids for the evolution and predatory behaviour of sabretoothed cats (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae)
Figure 1. Schematic drawing of the skull and cervical vertebrae of the scimitar-toothed cat Homotherium latidens showing the hypothetical motions of the stabbing bite (top) and the canine shear bite (bottom). In the first case the main rotation is around a point behind the thoraco-cervical joint (white circle) and the posterior cervicals, whereas in the second case, the main rotation occurs at the atlantooccipital joint (white circle). In the stabbing model (top), the pull of the brachiocephalic muscles (single headed arrow) and of the scalenes (two headed arrow) provides the main force for the strike. In the canine shear-bite model (bottom), the pull of the atlanto-mastoid muscles (short two-headed arrow) is the most important force for the penetration of the upper canines.
Oblique profile of a Tyrannosaurus torosus head. Note the good degree of binocular vision, and the bulgingjaw-closing muscles on what is in effect a little frill at the back-top of the head. in Predatory Dinosaurs of the World
Oblique profile of a Tyrannosaurus torosus head. Note the good degree of binocular vision, and the bulgingjaw-closing muscles on what is in effect a little frill at the back-top of the head.
Figure 2 in Predatory mites, a green pesticide, and an entomopathogenic compound: A proposed IPM tactic based on pest species diversity indices and population dynamics
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the experiment's plantation and IPM methodology, C.n: Cydnoseius negevi, A.s: Amblyseius swirskii, and P.p Phytoseiulus persimilis. (Photo credits: Dr. Zidan has created this diagram on www.biorender.com).
Figure 1 in Predatory mites, a green pesticide, and an entomopathogenic compound: A proposed IPM tactic based on pest species diversity indices and population dynamics
Figure 1. Google Earth map photography of the experimental locations (pointed with pin) – i) Om Sabir, Kom Hamada, El Beheira Governorate (30° 29' 50.6" N, 30° 46' 18.8" E), and ii) Kom Oshim, Fayoum Governorate (29° 34' 40.9" N, 30° 55' 38.3" E).
Predatory interactions of Gorareduvius with and without resin
<p><em>Gorareduvius</em> sp. (proposed name G. <em>gajarrangarang</em> is under revision) assassin bugs collect a sticky resin from spinifex grass (<em>Triodia</em> spp) in Australia. We evaluated whether this resin conveys a predatory advantage to the assassin bugs, by staging predatory interactions in the field, under controlled conditions. Assassin bugs were sequentially exposed to two types of prey (ants and flies), and while being equipped with or deprived of resin. This was a repeated measures design that controlled for individual predatory ability, in which the order of the trials was randomized. The predatory interactions yielded four different types of data, which were analyzed separately, as detailed below. </p>
Fig. 3 in The Predatory Mites (Phytoseiidae, Parasitiformes) In The Fauna Of Ukraine: A New Species And A New Subgenus Of The Genus Graminaseius
Fig. 3. Graminaseius alustoni (Livschitz et Kuznetzov, 1972) comb. n. ♀: 1 — dorsal shield; 2 — ventral body surface; 3 — metapodal plates; 4 — chelicera; 5 — spermatheca; 6 — posterior part of peritremal shield; 7 — fragment of leg IV.
Fig. 2 in The Predatory Mites (Phytoseiidae, Parasitiformes) In The Fauna Of Ukraine: A New Species And A New Subgenus Of The Genus Graminaseius
Fig. 2. Graminaseius lituatus (Athias-Henriot) ♀ (1–7), Ơ (8–10 from Athias-Henriot, 1961): 1 — dorsal shield; 2 — ventral body surface; 3 — metapodal plates; 4 — posterior part of peritremal schield; 5 — chelicera; 6 — spermatheca; 7 — fragment of leg IV; 8 — ventrianal shield; 9, 10 — chelicera with spermatodactyl.
Fig. 1 in The Predatory Mites (Phytoseiidae, Parasitiformes) In The Fauna Of Ukraine: A New Species And A New Subgenus Of The Genus Graminaseius
Fig. 1. Graminaseius graminis (Chant, 1956) ♀ (1–7), Ơ (8, 9): 1 — dorsal shield; 2 — ventral body surface; 3 — metapodal plates; 4 — posterior part of peritremal schield; 5 — chelicera; 6 — spermatheca; 7 — fragment of leg IV; 8 — chelicera with spermatodactyl; 9 — ventrianal shield.
Virtual prey with Lévy motion are preferentially attacked by predatory fish
<p>Of widespread interest in animal behaviour and ecology is how animals search their environment for resources, and whether these search strategies are optimal. However, movement also affects predation risk through effects on encounter rates, the conspicuousness of prey, and the success of attacks. Here we use predatory fish attacking a simulation of virtual prey to test whether predation risk is associated with movement behaviour. Despite often being demonstrated to be a more efficient strategy for finding resources such as food, we find that prey displaying Lévy motion are twice as likely to be targeted by predators than prey utilising Brownian motion. This can be explained by the predators, at the moment of the attack, preferentially targeting prey that were moving with straighter trajectories rather than prey that were turning more. Our results emphasise that costs of predation risk need to be considered alongside the foraging benefits when comparing different movement strategies.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.