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Fig. 7. a in Notes of the internal adult male reproductive system of Pimelia subglobosa (Pallas, 1781) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Fig. 7. a. The histological section of the distal region of the ductus ejaculatorius (x100) (H&E) (LM). b. SEM photograph of the tracheae (Tr) and tracheoles (Tl) on the ductus ejaculatorius surface (SEM). c. The longitudinal section of the proximal region of the ductus ejaculatorius (x100) (H&E) (LM). d. SEM photograph of the cross section of the ductus ejaculatorius. e. The attachment of the ductus ejaculatorius to the aedeagus (SM). f. The general view muscle bundles (Mb) and the aedeagus (SEM). Ep-epithelium, Sp-spine, In-intima, Lu-lumen, Ml-muscle layer, Mlbmiddle lobe of the aedeagus, Lb-lateral lobe, Phphallobase, LM-light microscope, SM-stereo microscope, SEM-scanning electron microscope, H&E-Haematoxylin and Eosin.
Fig. 5. a in Notes of the internal adult male reproductive system of Pimelia subglobosa (Pallas, 1781) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Fig. 5. a. The general view of the first pair of accessory glands (Ag1) and second pair of the accessory gland (Ag2) (SM). b. Tracheae (Tr) and tracheoles (Tl) on surface of spiral shaped accessory gland 1 (SEM). c, d. The columnar epithelium and secretion material (Sm) in the first pair of accessory gland (x100) (H&E) (LM, SEM). e, f. A single layered columnar epithelium with round nucleus surrounded by muscle layer in first pair of accessory gland (x400) (H&E) (LM, SEM). Nu-nucleus, Ml-muscle layer, Epepithelium, LM-light microscope, SM-stereo microscope, SEM-scanning electron microscope, H&E-Haematoxylin and Eosin.
Fig. 6. a in Notes of the internal adult male reproductive system of Pimelia subglobosa (Pallas, 1781) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Fig. 6. a. The general view of the second pair of accessory gland (Ag2) (SM). b. The tracheae (Tr) and tracheoles (Tl) on the surface of second pair of accessory gland (SEM). c. SEM photograph of the cross section of the second pair of accessory gland (SEM). d. The muscle layer (Ml) and a single layer of cuboidal cells with round
Fig. 4. a in Notes of the internal adult male reproductive system of Pimelia subglobosa (Pallas, 1781) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Fig. 4. a. The histological section of the junction of testicular follicles into the vas deferens (x40) (H&E) (LM). b. SEM photograph of sperm tails in vas deferens lumen. c. The longitudinal section of seminal vesicle and ductus ejaculatorius (x40) (H&E) (LM). d. The tracheae (Tr) and tracheoles (Tl) on the surface of seminal vesicle (SEM). e. The muscle layer and a monolayer epithelium with round nucleus surrounding the seminal vesicle (x400) (H&E) (LM). f. SEM photograph of sperm tails in seminal vesicle lumen. Vd-vas deferens, Ep-epithelium, Sl-sperm tails, Deductus ejaculatorius, Sv-seminal vesicle, LM-light microscope, SEM-scanning electron microscope, H&E-Haematoxylin and Eosin.
Fig. 3. a, b in Notes of the internal adult male reproductive system of Pimelia subglobosa (Pallas, 1781) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Fig. 3. a, b. The differentiation of spermatogonia into spermatocytes in the growth zone located in the anterior part of the testicular follicle (x1000) (H&E) (LM, SEM). c, d. The spermatids in the maturation zone located towards the middle of the testicular follicle (x1000) (H&E) (LM, SEM). e, f. The regular bundles of spermatozoa in the differentiation zone located posterior to the testicular follicle (x400) (H&E) (LM, SEM). g. SEM photograph of convoluted sperm tails of spermatozoa. h. SEM photograph of the elongated head regions of spermatozoa. Cy-cyst, Sg-spermatogonia, Sp-spermatocytes, Hd-sperm head region, Fl-flagellum, LM-light microscope, SEM-scanning electron microscope, H&E-Haematoxylin and Eosin.
Fig. 2. a in Notes of the internal adult male reproductive system of Pimelia subglobosa (Pallas, 1781) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Fig. 2. a. The cross section of testis in P. subglobosa (x100) (LM) (H&E). b. Tracheae and tracheoles on the surface of testicular follicles (SEM). c. The longitudinal section of testis follicles (x200) (LM) (H&E). d. The detailed view of longitudinal section of a testis follicle (x400) (LM) (H&E). Fl-testis follicle, Sg-spematogonia, Spspematocytes, St-spermatids, Sz-spermatozoa, LM-light microscope, SEM-scanning electron microscope, H&E-Haematoxylin and Eosin.
Fig. 1. a in Notes of the internal adult male reproductive system of Pimelia subglobosa (Pallas, 1781) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Fig. 1. a. The general view of adult male reproductive organs in P. subglobosa (SM). b. SEM photograph of testis and first pair of accessory glands. c. SM photograph of adult male reproductive organs in P. subglobosa. d. The connection to seminal vesicle by vas deferens, of testis in P. subglobosa (SEM). Te-testis, Vd-vas deferens, Sv-seminal vesicle, De-ductus ejaculatorius, Ag1- the first pair of accessory glands, Ag2- the second pair of accessory glands, Tr-tracheae, Tltracheoles, SM-stereo microscope, SEM-scanning electron microscope.
Figure 5. Female reproductive system. A. R in Molecular phylogeny of European Runcinida (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): the discover of an unexpected pool of complex species, with special reference to the case of Runcina coronata
Figure 5. Female reproductive system. A. R. coronata, southern England (MNCN 15.05/90423). B. R. aurata, La Caleta, Cádiz, south-western Spain, Atlantic Ocean (MNCN 15.05/88106). C. R. caletensis, La Caleta, Cádiz, south-western Spain, Atlantic Ocean (MNCN 15.05/200113). D. R. tingensis, Tangier, north-western Morocco, Atlantic Ocean (MNCN 15.05/91514). Abbreviations: FM, female mass; CGD, common genital duct; GO, gonopore.
Figure 6. Male reproductive system. A in Molecular phylogeny of European Runcinida (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): the discover of an unexpected pool of complex species, with special reference to the case of Runcina coronata
Figure 6. Male reproductive system. A, Runcina coronata, southern England (MNCN 15.05/90423). B, Runcina aurata, La Caleta, Cádiz, south-western Spain, Atlantic Ocean (MNCN 15.05/88106). C, Runcina caletensis, La Caleta, Cádiz, southwestern Spain, Atlantic Ocean (MNCN 15.05/200113). D, Runcina tingensis, Tangier, north-western Morocco, Atlantic Ocean (MNCN 15.05/91514). Shaded area indicates the presence of sperm. Abbreviations: MO, male opening; PP, penial papilla; PG, prostate gland; SV, seminal vesicle.
FIGURES 10–14. Leioproctus external features and reproductive systems. Fig. 10 in Revision of Goniocolletes and seven Australian subgenera of Leioproctus (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Colletidae), and description of new taxa
FIGURES 10–14. Leioproctus external features and reproductive systems. Fig. 10 SEM of foretibial spur of Leioproctus. Fig. 11 SEM of hind basitibial plate of Leioproctus. Fig. 12 SEM of Inner Hind Tibial spur of Leioproctus. Fig. 13 SEM of Male sternal fringes of Leioproctus. Fig. 14a Generalised female (above) and male (below) reproductive systems of Leioproctus. Abbreviations: AG Accessory Gland; DF Dufours Gland; ED Ejaculatory Duct; G Genitalia; GS Gonadial sac; IE Immature Egg; MO Median Oviduct; OV Ovary; PG Poison Gland; SD Spermathecal Duct; SG Spermathecal Gland; SP Spermatheca; T Testis; VD Vas Deferens; VF Venom Filament; VR Venom Reservoir; VS Vesicula Seminalis. Fig. 14b SEM of keiotrichia of Leioproctus.
Distribution. Now restricted to the Channel Country of SW Queensland and the Lake Eyre Basin in NE South Australia. Descriptive notes. Head-body 95-120 mm, tail 105-160 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hindfoot 32-37 mm; weight 30-50 g. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has body form typical of hopping mice, with very long hindfeet, long tail with distal brush of longer hairs, very long ears, and large protruberant eyes. Dorsal fur is of variable color, from pale pinkish fawn to gray; ventral fur white. Unlike most other hopping mice, it has no throat pouch, but males have a glandular area of naked skin on the chest. Habitat. Occurs in low shrublands and tussock grasslands on stony ("gibber") plains and claypans. Shows marked habitat segregation from the Dusky Hopping Mouse (N. fuscus), which is closely associated with sandy substrates. Food and Feeding. The Fawn Hopping Mouse is mostly granivorous, but also eats other plant material (stems, leaves) and occasionally invertebrates. It uses succulent, salt-adapted plants around edges of claypans as a source of water. Breeding. Reproduction is probably largely opportunistic and aseasonal, with high reproductive output from near-continuous breeding after periods of high rainfall; reported littersize is 1-5, most commonly three; gestation period 38-43 days for nonlactating females. Females may mature later than other hopping mice, with reproductive maturity reached at about six months. Activity patterns. Terrestrial and nocturnal. Fawn Hopping Mice shelter during day in burrow systems that are typically simpler and shallower than those of other hopping mice. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Fawn Hopping Mice generally live singly or in small groups; typically uncommon within range, but population density may increase by an order of magnitude following periods of high rainfall. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has shown marked decline in range (estimated at greater than 50%), and presumably population size, since European settlement of Australia. This is mostlikely due to predation by the introduced house cat and Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), and to habitat degradation associated with pastoralism. Bibliography. Brazenor (1934), Burbidge et al. (2008), Finlayson (1939), Gould (1853), Jackson & Groves (2015), Murray et al. (1999), Ogilby (1892), Thomas (1921h), Van Dyck & Strahan (2008), Waite (1898), Watts & Aslin (1981), Woinarski et al. (2014), Wood Jones (1925). in Muridae
Distribution. Now restricted to the Channel Country of SW Queensland and the Lake Eyre Basin in NE South Australia. Descriptive notes. Head-body 95-120 mm, tail 105-160 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hindfoot 32-37 mm; weight 30-50 g. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has body form typical of hopping mice, with very long hindfeet, long tail with distal brush of longer hairs, very long ears, and large protruberant eyes. Dorsal fur is of variable color, from pale pinkish fawn to gray; ventral fur white. Unlike most other hopping mice, it has no throat pouch, but males have a glandular area of naked skin on the chest. Habitat. Occurs in low shrublands and tussock grasslands on stony ("gibber") plains and claypans. Shows marked habitat segregation from the Dusky Hopping Mouse (N. fuscus), which is closely associated with sandy substrates. Food and Feeding. The Fawn Hopping Mouse is mostly granivorous, but also eats other plant material (stems, leaves) and occasionally invertebrates. It uses succulent, salt-adapted plants around edges of claypans as a source of water. Breeding. Reproduction is probably largely opportunistic and aseasonal, with high reproductive output from near-continuous breeding after periods of high rainfall; reported littersize is 1-5, most commonly three; gestation period 38-43 days for nonlactating females. Females may mature later than other hopping mice, with reproductive maturity reached at about six months. Activity patterns. Terrestrial and nocturnal. Fawn Hopping Mice shelter during day in burrow systems that are typically simpler and shallower than those of other hopping mice. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Fawn Hopping Mice generally live singly or in small groups; typically uncommon within range, but population density may increase by an order of magnitude following periods of high rainfall. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has shown marked decline in range (estimated at greater than 50%), and presumably population size, since European settlement of Australia. This is mostlikely due to predation by the introduced house cat and Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), and to habitat degradation associated with pastoralism. Bibliography. Brazenor (1934), Burbidge et al. (2008), Finlayson (1939), Gould (1853), Jackson & Groves (2015), Murray et al. (1999), Ogilby (1892), Thomas (1921h), Van Dyck & Strahan (2008), Waite (1898), Watts & Aslin (1981), Woinarski et al. (2014), Wood Jones (1925).
Figure 4. Reproductive systems. A in Extra-branchial processes manifest extra diversity: systematics of the genus Trapania (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) and nine new species descriptions
Figure 4. Reproductive systems. A, Trapania japonica (Baba, 1935), CASIZ 221116, scale = 0.50 mm. B, Trapania tatsulok sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041333 (formerly CASIZ 200530), scale = 0.33 mm. C, Trapania kahel sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041330 (formerly CASIZ 186131), scale = 0.28 mm. D, Trapania lemanioides sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041335 (formerly
Figure 16. Reproductive systems. A in Extra-branchial processes manifest extra diversity: systematics of the genus Trapania (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) and nine new species descriptions
Figure 16. Reproductive systems. A, Trapania sp. 'Anilao', NMP 041329 (formerly CASIZ 182904), scale = 0.38 mm. B, Trapania kamagong sp. nov., holotype NMP 041336 (formerly 208585A), scale = 0.25 mm. C, Trapania kanaloa sp. nov., holotype CASIZ 189444, scale = 0.17 mm. D, Trapania undulata sp. nov., holotype NMP 041331 (formerly CASIZ 186132), scale = 0.16 mm. Abbreviations: am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; fgm, female gland mass; p, penial sac; pr, prostatic portion of vas deferens; rs, receptaculum seminis; ud, uterine duct; v, vagina.
FIGURE 4. Reproductive systems. A in Ontogeny as an important part of integrative taxonomy in tergipedid aeolidaceans (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) with a description of a new genus and species from the Barents Sea
FIGURE 4. Reproductive systems. A. Zelentia ninel gen. et sp. nov. B. Z. pustulata (Alder et Hancock, 1854). Abbreviations: a, ampulla; fgm, female gland mass; fo, female opening; p, penis; pg, "penial" (supplementary) gland; pr, prostate, r, receptaculum seminis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 2. Buccal bulb and reproductive system. A‒B in Filling gaps in the knowledge of Goniodorididae taxa (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchia) with description of seven new species
FIGURE 2. Buccal bulb and reproductive system. A‒B. Trapania franae sp. nov. (QM MO 86031), A. Buccal bulb. B. Reproductive system. C‒D. Bermudella lahainensis sp. nov. (CASIZ 199240). C. Buccal bulb. D. Reproductive system. E‒F. Bermudella mica (MNCN 15.05/94474). E. Buccal bulb. F. Reproductive system. G–H. Bermudella plebeia (MNCN 15.05/94477). G. Buccal bulb. H. Reproductive system. I‒J. Ceratodoris trypomandyas sp. nov. (QM MO 86034). I. Buccal bulb. J. Reproductive system. Abbreviations: am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; bp, buccal pump; fgm, female gland mass; hd, hermaphroditic duct; oe, esophagus; op, esophageal pump; p, penis; pr, prostate; ra, radular sac; rs, receptaculum seminis; sgl, salivary gland; ud, uterine duct; va, vagina; vd, vas deferens. Scale bars: 1 mm.
FIGURE 6. Buccal bulb and reproductive system. A–B in Filling gaps in the knowledge of Goniodorididae taxa (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchia) with description of seven new species
FIGURE 6. Buccal bulb and reproductive system. A–B. Murphydoris polkadotsa sp. nov. (QM MO 86038). A. Buccal bulb. B. Reproductive system. C–D. Naisdoris aurornata sp. nov. (CASIZ 186113). C. Buccal bulb. D. Reproductive system. E–F. Naisdoris labalsaensis sp. nov. (WAM S72700). E. Buccal bulb. F. Reproductive system. G–H. Naisdoris vitiligata sp. nov. (ZCR.MOL.15410). G. Buccal bulb. H. Reproductive system. Abbreviations: am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; bp, buccal pump; fgm, female gland mass; hd, hermaphroditic duct; oe, esophagus; op, esophageal pump; p, penis; pr, prostate; ra, radular sac; rs, receptaculum seminis; sgl, salivary gland; ud, uterine duct; va, vagina; vd, vas deferens. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infects the reproductive system of male piglets and impairs development of the blood–testis barrier
<p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes a highly contagious disease that threatens the global swine industry. Recent studies have focused on the damage that PRRSV causes to the reproductive system of male pigs, although <span>pathological research is lacking</span>. Therefore, <span>we </span><span>examined the pathogenic mechanisms in male piglets infected with PRRSV</span>. Gross and histopathological changes indicated that PRRSV affected the entire reproductive system, as confirmed via immunohistochemical analysis. PRRSV infected Sertoli cells and spermatogonia. To test the <span>new </span>hypothesis that PRRSV infection in piglets impairs blood–testis barrier (BTB) development, we investigated the <span>pathology</span> of PRRSV damage in the BTB. PRRSV infection significantly decreased the quantity and proliferative capacity of Sertoli cells constituting the BTB. Zonula occludens-1 and β-catenin were downregulated in cell–cell junctions. Transcriptome analysis revealed that several crucial genes and signaling pathways involved in the growth and development of Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, and tight junctions in <span>the </span>testes were downregulated. <span>Apoptosis, necroptosis</span>, inflammatory, and oxidative stress-related pathways were activated, whereas hormone secretion-related pathways were inhibited. Many Sertoli cells and spermatogonia underwent apoptosis during early differentiation. Infected piglets exhibited disrupted androgen secretion, leading to significantly reduced testosterone and anti-Müllerian hormone levels. A cytokine storm occurred, notably upregulating cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. Markers of oxidative-stress damage (i.e., H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, malondialdehyde, and glutathione) <span>were upregulated</span>, whereas antioxidant-enzyme activities (i.e., superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and catalase) <span>were downregulated</span>. Our results demonstrated that PRRSV infect<span>ed</span> multiple organs in the male reproductive system, <span>which imparied</span> growth in the BTB. </p>
FIGURE 7. Reproductive systems. A in The genus Zelentia is an amphi-boreal taxon expanded to include three new species from the North Pacific and Atlantic oceans (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia: Trinchesiidae)
FIGURE 7. Reproductive systems. A. Zelentia willowsi sp. nov. B. Zelentia nepunicea sp. nov. C. Zelentia roginskae sp. nov. D. Zelentia pustulata. Abbreviations: a, ampulla; fgm, female gland mass; fo, female opening; p, penis; pg, "penial" (supplementary) gland; pr, prostate, rsd, distal receptaculum seminis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
Figure 30. Reproductive systems. A in Reading between the lines: revealing cryptic species diversity and colour patterns in Hypselodoris nudibranchs (Mollusca: Heterobranchia: Chromodorididae)
Figure 30. Reproductive systems. A, Hypselodoris variobranchia Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041285, scale bar: 1.5 mm. B, Hypseldoris violacea Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041286, scale bar: 2.0 mm. am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; ej, ejaculatory portion of the vas deferens; fgm, female gland mass; p, penis; pr, prostatic portion of vas deferens; rs, receptaculum seminis; ud, uterine duct; v, vagina; vg, vestibular gland.
Figure 13. Reproductive systems. A in Reading between the lines: revealing cryptic species diversity and colour patterns in Hypselodoris nudibranchs (Mollusca: Heterobranchia: Chromodorididae)
Figure 13. Reproductive systems. A, Hypselodoris ghardaqana (Gohar & Aboul-Ela, 1957), CASIZ 192282, scale bar: 3.5 mm. B, Hypselodoris iba Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., CASIZ 177777, scale bar: 3.0 mm. C, Hypselodoris katherinae Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov., CASIZ 181257, scale bar: 1.0 mm. D, Hypselodoris lacuna Gosliner & Johnson sp. nov.,
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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