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212 results for “sea slugs”
Fig. 3 in Insemination by a kiss? Interactive 3D-microanatomy, biology and systematics of the mesopsammic cephalaspidean sea slug Pluscula cuica Marcus, 1953 from Brazil (Gastropoda: Euopisthobranchia: Philinoglossidae)
Fig. 3 Schematic dorsal view of the reproductive system, anterior at right. am Ampulla, bc bursa copulatrix, bs bursa stalk, eg egg, fg1 albumen gland, fg2 membrane gland, fg3 thin portion of mucus gland, fg4 large portion of mucus gland, gd gonoduct, gof female genital
Fig. 2 in Insemination by a kiss? Interactive 3D-microanatomy, biology and systematics of the mesopsammic cephalaspidean sea slug Pluscula cuica Marcus, 1953 from Brazil (Gastropoda: Euopisthobranchia: Philinoglossidae)
Fig. 2 Schematic dorsal view of the central nervous system (CNS) and nerves, anterior at top. Roughly to scale except for length of pleuroparietal connectives. bg buccal ganglion, bcm buccal commissure, cbc cerebro-buccal connective, ccm cerebral commissure, cpg cerebropleural ganglion, ln labiotentacular nerve, lng accessory labial nerve ganglion, lpag left parietal ganglion, ncc nervus clypei-capitis, osg osphradial ganglion, orn oral nerve, pcm pedal commissure, pg pedal ganglion, rhga anterior accessory rhinophoral ganglion, rhgp posterior accessory rhinophoral ganglion, rhn rhinophoral nerve, rpag+supg combined supraintestinal and right parietal ganglion, sc statocyst, subg+vg combined subintestinal and visceral ganglion, vn visceral nerve, asterisk large 'blister' cell next to statocyst
Fig. 1 a–g in Insemination by a kiss? Interactive 3D-microanatomy, biology and systematics of the mesopsammic cephalaspidean sea slug Pluscula cuica Marcus, 1953 from Brazil (Gastropoda: Euopisthobranchia: Philinoglossidae)
Fig. 1 a–g Three-dimensional reconstructions of Pluscula cuica miR croanatomy. a External aspect of body showing body openings, right view. a' Dorsal view of body with the dorsum above body cavity and head shown transparent, showing inner organ systems, arrowheads short nerves innervating Hancock's organs, asterisk anterior end of seminal groove. b Live specimen, ca. 2 mm total length, dorsal view. c Anterior left view of the central nervous system, pedal nerves omitted, double asterisk: large cell next to statocyst, d Posterior part of reproductive system, dorsolateral right view, white asterisk branching point of gonoduct to female glands and ampulla. e Copulatory apparatus, ventral view, anterior towards left. f Oblique right view of digestive system, salivary glands omitted, double white asterisks positions of salivary duct openings and small glandular field inside pharyngeal lumen. g Oblique dorsolateral right view of pericardial complex and surrounding organs. am ampulla, an anus, ao aorta, au auricle, bc bursa copulatrix, bcm buccal commissure, bg buccal ganglion, bs bursa stalk, cbc cerebro-buccal commissure, ccm cerebral commissure, cns central nervous system, cpg cerebropleural ganglion, cop copulatory apparatus, cr putative crop, dg digestive gland, dgl lumen of digestive gland, eg egg, es esophagus, fg1–fg4 nidamental glands (proximal to distal), fgl lumen of nidamental glands, gd gonoduct, gof female genital opening, gom male genital opening, ho Hancock's organs, it intestine, kd kidney, ln labiotentacular nerve, lng accessory labiotentacular ganglia, lpag left parietal ganglion, mo mouth opening, mu muscular tube, ncc nervus clypei-capitis, np nephropore, oc oocyte, of ovarial follicles, ogl oral glands, om odontophore musculature, orn oral nerve, osg osphradial ganglion, osp osphradium, ot oral tube, pc pericardium, pe penis, pg pedal ganglion, ph pharynx, pr prostate, r distal part of radula, r' origin of radula, rhga/rhgp anterior/posterior accessory rhinophoral ganglion, rhn rhinophoral nerve, rpd renopericardial duct, sg seminal groove, sgl salivary gland, shd shell dimple, shr shell remnant, st statocyst, subg+vg combined subintestinal and visceral ganglion, supg +rpag combined supraintestinal and right parietal ganglion, ve ventricle, vn visceral nerve, ygd duct of yellow gland, ygl yellow gland, ygp opening of yellow gland. Bars a, a', d, f 250 μm; c, e, g 100 μm. Interactive version of this figure is available in the supplementary online material.
Fig. 5 a–f in Insemination by a kiss? Interactive 3D-microanatomy, biology and systematics of the mesopsammic cephalaspidean sea slug Pluscula cuica Marcus, 1953 from Brazil (Gastropoda: Euopisthobranchia: Philinoglossidae)
Fig. 5 a–f Semithin histological cross-sections of posterior body half. Dorsal side at top. a Overview at level of nidamental glands. b Detail of nidamental glands with interjected sperm package. c Ovarial follicles. e Most distal gonoduct and osphradium. f Yellow gland. g Caudal dorsal depression with shell 'remnant', in- sert: complete cross-section. am Ampulla, an anus, au auricle, bc bursa copulatrix, bs bursa stalk, dg digestive gland, dgl digestive gland lumen, eg egg, fg1 albumen gland, fg2 membrane gland, fg3 short limb of mucus gland, fg4 large limb of mucus gland, fgl female gland lumen, ft foot, gd gonoduct, it intestine, oc oocyte, of ovarial follicle, osp osphradium, pc pericardium, shd shell 'dimple', shr shell 'remnant', sg seminal groove, sp interjected sperm package, ve ventricle, ygd duct of yellow gland. Bars a, c 100 μm; b, d, g 50 μm; e, f 25 μm
Fig. 4 a–g in Insemination by a kiss? Interactive 3D-microanatomy, biology and systematics of the mesopsammic cephalaspidean sea slug Pluscula cuica Marcus, 1953 from Brazil (Gastropoda: Euopisthobranchia: Philinoglossidae)
Fig. 4 a–g Semithin histological cross-sections of anterior body half. dorsum, egl different types of epidermal glands, ft foot, gom male Dorsal side at top, in e: at right. a Level of mouth opening, showing genital opening, ho Hancock's organ, it intestine, ln labiotentacular lateral grooves. b Anterior part of CNS and copulatory organ. c Section nerve, lng accessory labiotentacular ganglion, mu strong muscular of CNS and copulatory organ posterior to b. d Detail of right Hanlining / muscular tube of copulatory organ, ogl oral gland, ot oral tube, cock's organ and its innervation. e Pharynx with muscular odontophore pe penis, ph pharynx, pn pedal nerves, pr prostate, rhga anterior and spread radula; asterisk patch of glandular cells. f Detail of pedal accessory rhinophoral ganglion, rhgp posterior accessory rhinophoral ganglion with statocyst and 'blister' cell (double asterisk). g Trunk-like ganglion, rhn rhinophoral nerve, sc statocyst, sgl salivary gland, vlg anterior end of intestine inside digestive gland lumen. bv blood vessel, visceral loop ganglia (sectioned at margins). Bars a 100 μm; b–e, g cbc cerebro-buccal connective, ccm cerebral commissure, cpg cerebro50 μm; f 25 μm pleuraganglion, dg digestive gland, dgl lumen of digestive gland, do
Figure 1 in Sea slugs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil
Figure 1. Sampling areas along the coast of Rio Grande do Norte state, northeastern Brazil.
Data from: A biting commentary: integrating tooth characters with molecular data doubles known species diversity in a lineage of sea slugs that consume “killer algae”
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Species selection favors dispersive life histories in sea slugs, but higher per-offspring investment drives shifts to short-lived larvae
For 40 years, paleontological studies of marine gastropods have suggested that species selection favors lineages with short-lived (lecithotrophic) larvae, which are less dispersive than long-lived (planktotrophic) larvae. Although lecithotrophs appeared to speciate more often and accumulate over time in some groups, lecithotrophy also increased extinction rates, and tests for state-dependent diversification were never performed. Molecular phylogenies of diverse groups instead suggested lecithotrophs accumulate without diversifying due to frequent, unidirectional character change. Although lecithotrophy has repeatedly originated in most phyla, no adult trait has been correlated with shifts in larval type. Thus, both the evolutionary origins of lecithotrophy and its consequences for patterns of species richness remain poorly understood. Here, we test hypothesized links between development mode and evolutionary rates using likelihood-based methods and a phylogeny of 202 species of gastropod molluscs in Sacoglossa, a clade of herbivorous sea slugs. Evolutionary quantitative genetics modeling and stochastic character mapping supported 27 origins of lecithotrophy. Tests for correlated evolution revealed lecithotrophy evolved more often in lineages investing in extra-embryonic yolk, the first adult trait associated with shifts in development mode across a group. However, contrary to predictions from paleontological studies, species selection actually favored planktotrophy; most extant lecithotrophs originated through recent character change, and did not subsequently diversify. Increased offspring provisioning in planktotrophs thus favored shifts to short-lived larvae, which led to short-lived lineages over macroevolutionary time scales. These findings challenge long-standing assumptions about the effects of alternative life histories in the sea. Species selection can explain the long-term persistence of planktotrophy, the ancestral state in most clades, despite frequent transitions to lecithotrophy.
Рис. 1. Приморские склоны в б. МелководнаЯ, поросШие травой – место обнаружениЯ Deroceras caucasicum на о-ве Русский. Fig. 1. Maritime slopes in Melkovodnaya Bay covered by grass – the biotope locality of Deroceras caucasicum in Russky Island. in Invasion of the pest slug Deroceras caucasicum (Simroth, 1901) to the islands of Peter the Great Bay (Sea of Japan)
Рис. 1. Приморские склоны в б. МелководнаЯ, поросШие травой – место обнаружениЯ Deroceras caucasicum на о-ве Русский. Fig. 1. Maritime slopes in Melkovodnaya Bay covered by grass – the biotope locality of Deroceras caucasicum in Russky Island.
Рис. 3. Готовый к копулЯции слиЗень Deroceras caucasicum с о-ва Русский (на голове справа виден вывернутый стимулЯтор характерной длЯ данного вида формы). in Invasion of the pest slug Deroceras caucasicum (Simroth, 1901) to the islands of Peter the Great Bay (Sea of Japan)
Рис. 3. Готовый к копулЯции слиЗень Deroceras caucasicum с о-ва Русский (на голове справа виден вывернутый стимулЯтор характерной длЯ данного вида формы).
FIGURE 2 in The Sea Slug Phanerophthalmus luteus (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia) and its Habitat and Ecology at the Marine Jellyfish Lake (Ongeim'l Tketau), Palau, Western Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 2. Aerial photograph of Mecherchar Island. The island is formed of uplifted Miocene limestone, with multiple lakes, including Jellyfish Lake indicated by the white arrow on the mid-right of the image. The lakes are surrounded by vegetation (green) while fringing reefs in the shallow waters surround the island (white to light blue), representing different marine habitats. P. luteus lives abundantly in Jellyfish Lake but was not observed on the reefs outside the island. Aerial photograph courtesy of Dr. Pat Colin.
FIGURE 6 in The Sea Slug Phanerophthalmus luteus (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia) and its Habitat and Ecology at the Marine Jellyfish Lake (Ongeim'l Tketau), Palau, Western Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 6. Two Phanerophthalmus luteus mating on the bottom of Jellyfish Lake among algae attached to sediment (August 15, 2013). The specimens display the usual whitish to green to greenish blue colors of specimens in Jellyfish Lake. Image by Dr. Michael Dawson.
FIGURE 2 in Heterobranch Sea Slug Range Shifts in the Northeast Pacific Ocean associated with the 2015-16 El Niño
FIGURE 2. Nudibranch sea slugs found at new northern localities in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean, 2015–2017. A Doris cf. pickensi, Morro Bay, California, 25 May 2016. Image by CH. B Doriopsilla albopunctata, Whiskey Creek, Curry Co., Oregon, 19 May 2017. Image by NT. C Doriopsilla fulva, Netarts Bay, Oregon, 16 July 2016. Image by Todd Cliff. D Hermissenda opalescens, Box Canyon, Neah Bay, Washington, 20 August 2015. Image by Doug Miller.
FIGURE 1 in Heterobranch Sea Slug Range Shifts in the Northeast Pacific Ocean associated with the 2015-16 El Niño
FIGURE 1. Heterobranch sea slugs found at new northernmost localities in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean, 2015–2017. A Okenia angelensis, Miwok Beach, Sonoma Co., California, 27 May 2017. Image by Colby Davidson. B Acanthodoris rhodoceras, Chup Point, Barkley Sound, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, 21 May 2018. Image by Peter Mieras/subvisionproductions.com. C Polycera atra, Lemmens Inlet, Clayoquot Sound, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, 25 July 2015. Inset: tail. Images by Brandon Exner. D Thordisa rubescens, Santa Cruz Island, California, 1 November 2017. Image by Kenan Chan/Channel Islands National Park.
Figure 3 in Heterobranch Sea Slug Range Shifts in the Northeast Pacific Ocean associated with the 2015-16 El Niño
Figure 3. Nudibranch sea slugs found at new northern localities in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean, 2015–2017. A Hermosita hakunamatata, La Bocana, Bahía de Magdalena, Baja California Sur, Mexico, 1 September 2015. Image by CH. B Phidiana hiltoni, Dillon Beach, California, 30 April 2017. Image by DM. C Taringa aivica, Mission Bay, San Diego, California, 14 June 2018. Image by CH. D Diaphoreolis lagunae, Whiskey Creek, Curry Co., Oregon, 19 May 2017 (grid squares 2 mm on a side). Image by NT.
Figure 58 in A taxonomic revision of Paradoris sea slugs (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Doridina)
Figure 58. Paradoris sp. A. A, anterior, ventral view, MNHN #1, scale = 4.5 mm. B, dorsal view, MNHN #1, scale = 7.5 mm. C, ventral view, CASIZ 099299 #1, scale = 7.5 mm. D, mantle holes, CASIZ 101114, scale = 0.5 mm. E, mantle holes, MNHN #1, scale = 1 mm. F, mantle holes, CASIZ 099299 #1, scale = 1 mm.
Figure 56. Paradoris tsurugensis. A in A taxonomic revision of Paradoris sea slugs (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Doridina)
Figure 56. Paradoris tsurugensis. A, dorsal view, after Baba (1986: fig. 1A). B, accessory glands and stylet sacs, after Baba (1986: fig. 3B), holotype, OMNH-Mo 34831, scale = 0.5 mm. C, reproductive system, after Baba (1986: fig. 3A), holotype, OMNH-Mo 34831, scale = 1.8 mm.
Figure 81. SAM A35586. A in A taxonomic revision of Paradoris sea slugs (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Doridina)
Figure 81. SAM A35586. A, dorsal notum, scale = 100 µm. B, copulatory organ, scale = 100 µm. C, jaw rodlets, scale = 10 µm. D, jaw rodlets, scale = 10 µm.
Figure 45. Paradoris liturata. A in A taxonomic revision of Paradoris sea slugs (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Doridina)
Figure 45. Paradoris liturata. A, anterior, dorsal view, CASIZ 097595 #1, scale = 5 mm. B, right, lateral view, CASIZ 113658, scale = 3.75 mm. C, mantle holes, CASIZ 113658, scale = 0.75 mm. D, ventral, anterior view, CASIZ 097595 #1, scale = 4 mm.
Figure 44. Paradoris indecora, reproductive system. A in A taxonomic revision of Paradoris sea slugs (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Doridina)
Figure 44. Paradoris indecora, reproductive system. A, remaining pieces, MNHN-Sagres, scale = 3 mm. B, distal part, with a hypothetical stylet sac, MNCN, scale = 0.6 mm. C, general view, ZMUC #1, scale = 0.6 mm. D, remaining pieces, MNHN-Ceuta, scale = 4.3 mm.
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