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Figure 19. A–E, Hydroides spiculitubus n in Descriptions of New Serpulid Polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and Discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific Species of Spirobranchus and Superficially Similar Taxa

Figure 19. A–E, Hydroides spiculitubus n.sp. from AM W21443. (A) two tubes partly attached to each other; (B,C) magnified anterior ends of latter; (D) worm, in part of its tube: note non-calcareous inner tube consisting of closely adposed spicules, part of the detached inner tube folded over the posterior end of abdomen, the granular overlay along longitudinal ridges and the fine transverse ridges and grooves; (E) enlarged view of four spicules from inner tube.

Figure 9. A–E in Descriptions of New Serpulid Polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and Discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific Species of Spirobranchus and Superficially Similar Taxa

Figure 9. A–E, Pomatostegus actinoceros. (A) tube of a specimen from AM W21438. B–E, a specimen from AM W202961: (B) anterior part of tube; (C) drawing of magnified section of anterior part of tube to show the pitted surface; (D) ventral view of thorax; the slit-like apertures of the pair of thoracic glands are shown; an apron is absent, although the last of thoracic tori are continuous along the posterior edge of the thorax; (E) dorsal view of thorax; the unfringed peduncular wing and the prostomial ocellar cluster on the right side, as well as the thoracic membranes of the two sides of the 3rd thoracic chaetiger are shown.

Figure 5. A–E in Descriptions of New Serpulid Polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and Discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific Species of Spirobranchus and Superficially Similar Taxa

Figure 5. A–E, Vermiliopsis glandigera Gravier, 1908, figured from two specimens from AM W21470; A and B from first specimen; C–E from a second specimen: (A) worm in situ within its tube; (B) worm removed from tube showing the transparent partitioned operculum, its bulb-shaped basal part, the conspicuous annulus just below the latter, pinnule-free radiolar tips and extent of the thoracic membranes; (C) tube; D,E, worm removed from its tube: (D) worm showing distal end of the chitinous part of the operculum contracted into a concavity, and bears a small digitiform process in its centre; (E) another view of worm showing the transparent distal part of the operculum; the large annulus at the distal end of the peduncle has assumed the shape of a ventrally directed projection in alcohol.

Figure 24. A–J, Hydroides trihamulatus n in Descriptions of New Serpulid Polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and Discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific Species of Spirobranchus and Superficially Similar Taxa

Figure 24. A–J, Hydroides trihamulatus n.sp. (A,B) anterior and posterior parts of tube of a juvenile specimen; (C) worm, showing operculum, operculum, pinnule-free tips of radioles and arrangement of anterior abdominal tori; D–F, from another somewhat older specimen: (D) anterior end of worm, showing operculum, its well-formed main coronal spine, and remaining coronal spines and infundibular spines with simple pointed tips; (E) tube with worm in situ; (F) operculum showing somewhat swollen processes; (G) operculum of still older specimen showing well-formed main coronal spine and remaining coronal and infundibular spines with T-shaped tipas.

Figure 2. A–F, Kimberleya hutchingsae n in Descriptions of New Serpulid Polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and Discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific Species of Spirobranchus and Superficially Similar Taxa

Figure 2. A–F, Kimberleya hutchingsae n.sp. from holotype AM W21396: (A) tube; (B) worm; (C) collar chaeta; (D) chaeta from the 2nd thoracic chaetal fascicle; (E) Apomatus-chaeta from a mid thoracic chaetal fascicle; (F) anterior abdominal uncinus (rasp-shaped); (G) portion of tube from AM W21447. H,I, Pseudoprotula kimberleyensis n.gen. and n.sp., from AM W202938, two views of complete worm: (H) ventral view of thorax showing the last pair of uncinal tori; (I) dorsal view of thorax: showing absence of an operculum, the number of thoracic chaetigers and the extent of the thoracic membranes.

Figure 14. A–K and Q, Hydroides kimberleyensis n in Descriptions of New Serpulid Polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and Discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific Species of Spirobranchus and Superficially Similar Taxa

Figure 14. A–K and Q, Hydroides kimberleyensis n.sp., from holotype AM W202931: (A) whole worm removed from its tube; (B–D) different views of operculum; (E–I) bayonet-shaped special collar chaetae. J–K, uncini: (J) thoracic uncini, (K) anterior abdominal uncini. L–P, from paratype AM W202963: (L) whole worm; (N–P) different views of operculum. (Q) tube with worm in situ.

Figure 17. A–K, Hydroides pseudexaltatus n in Descriptions of New Serpulid Polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and Discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific Species of Spirobranchus and Superficially Similar Taxa

Figure 17. A–K, Hydroides pseudexaltatus n.sp., from holotype AM W202930. (A) tube; (B) anterior end of worm showing operculum, radioles, and anterior abdominal tori almost meeting dorsally; (C,D) two other views of operculum; (E–I) bayonet-shaped special collar chaetae; (J) thoracic uncini; (K) anterior abdominal uncini.

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Text-fig. 4. Distribution of arsinoitheres in Africa. Reconstruction of Arsinoitherium is adapted from Pomerol (1973) (the body in the image is probably too similar to that of an elephant, but the reconstruction gives an idea of the dimensions and possible body plan of Arsinoitherium). in Arsinoitherium (Embrithopoda) And Other Large Mammals And Plants From The Oligocene Of Tunisia

Text-fig. 4. Distribution of arsinoitheres in Africa. Reconstruction of Arsinoitherium is adapted from Pomerol (1973) (the body in the image is probably too similar to that of an elephant, but the reconstruction gives an idea of the dimensions and possible body plan of Arsinoitherium).

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Text-fig. 1. Result of cumulative random counting of MN 5 localities in central Europe and the Iberian Peninsula. Ten simulations were run for each area. a. Results of the count including the average in bold, showing the clearly lower diversity in IB. b. The average lines standardized, showing similar patterns in the two areas. Note that in the simulation around thirty localities were needed to capture 80 % of the regional diversity. in Generically Speaking, A Survey On Neogene Rodent Diversity At The Genus Level In The Now Database

Text-fig. 1. Result of cumulative random counting of MN 5 localities in central Europe and the Iberian Peninsula. Ten simulations were run for each area. a. Results of the count including the average in bold, showing the clearly lower diversity in IB. b. The average lines standardized, showing similar patterns in the two areas. Note that in the simulation around thirty localities were needed to capture 80 % of the regional diversity.

Fig. 11 in Rare, deep-water and similar: revision of Sibogasyrinx (Conoidea: Cochlespiridae)

Fig. 11. Radulae of species of Sibogasyrinx Powell, 1969 and Leucosyrinx Dall, 1889. A–B. Sibogasyrinx clausura sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16763. A. Central part of radula with fully formed teeth. B. Anteriormost part of radula at bending plane; marginal teeth at the right (black arrows) are unfolded due to mechanical impact. C. Leucosyrinx verrillii (Dall, 1881), French Guiana, MNHN-IM-2013-56288 (shell seen on Fig. 13C). D. Leucosyrinx sp. F, Coral Sea, MNHN-IM-2007-17846 (shell seen on Fig. 13K). E. Leucosyrinx sp. G, Papua New Guinea, MNHN-IM-2009-17089 (shell seen on Fig. 13D). F. Leucosyrinx sp. C, Solomon Islands, MNHN-IM-2007-42503 (shell seen on Fig. 13J).

Fig. 10. A–C in Rare, deep-water and similar: revision of Sibogasyrinx (Conoidea: Cochlespiridae)

Fig. 10. A–C. Sibogasyrinx maximei sp. nov., Solomon Sea, holotype, MNHN-IM-2013-45883, SL 41.6 mm. D–M. Sibogasyrinx clausura sp. nov. D–F. Solomon Islands, holotype, MNHN- IM-2013-48256, SL 41.4 mm. G–H. Coral Sea, Coriolis Bank, MNHN-IM-2013-48167, SL 37.9 mm. I–J. Solomon Islands, MNHN-IM-2009-16763, SL 29.6 mm. K–L. Coral Sea, Coriolis Bank, MNHN- IM-2013-48244, SL 35.6 mm. M. Coral Sea, Coriolis Bank, MNHN-IM-2013-48144, SL 31.7 mm. All shells to same scale.

Fig. 9. A–H. Sibogasyrinx filosa Ardovini, 2021. A–B in Rare, deep-water and similar: revision of Sibogasyrinx (Conoidea: Cochlespiridae)

Fig. 9. A–H. Sibogasyrinx filosa Ardovini, 2021. A–B. Holotype, Solomon Islands (MNHN- IM-2000-37629), SL 52 mm. C–D. Solomon Islands, MNHN-IM-2007-42498, SL 49.9 mm. E–F. Solomon Islands, MNHN-IM-2009-16831, SL 34.4 mm (radula seen on Fig. 8C). G–H. Papua New Guinea, MNHN-IM-2013-59044, SL 29.9 mm. I–Q. Sibogasyrinx lolae sp. nov. I–J. Solomon Islands, holotype, MNHN-IM-42537, SL 37.3 mm. K–L. New Caledonia, MNHN-IM-2009-29230, SL 43.1 mm. M–N. New Caledonia, MNHN-IM-2009-29311, SL 29.1 mm. O–Q. New Caledonia, MNHN-IM-2013-48156, SL 17.1 mm (O at the same scale as the other specimens, P–Q enlarged). All shells (except P–Q) to same scale.

Fig. 8 in Rare, deep-water and similar: revision of Sibogasyrinx (Conoidea: Cochlespiridae)

Fig. 8. Radulae of species of Sibogasyrinx Powell, 1969. A–B. Sibogasyrinx sangeri Kantor, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2018, MNHN-IM-2009-16995 (shell seen on Fig. 7C). A. Part of radula with fully formed marginal teeth; white hollow arrow indicates overlapping edges of the tooth at its tip. B. Part of radula showing transition between unfolded (white arrow) and completely longitudinally folded (black arrow) marginal teeth (ae = anterior tooth edge; pe = posterior tooth edge). C. Sibogasyrinx filosa Ardovini, 2021, Solomon Islands, MNHN-IM-2009-16831 (shell seen Fig. 9E–F). D. Sibogasyrinx lolae sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-29311. E. Sibogasyrinx maximei sp. nov., holotype, MNHN-IM-2013-45883, anterior end of radula. F. Sibogasyrinx pagodiformis sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-11327.

Fig. 13 in Rare, deep-water and similar: revision of Sibogasyrinx (Conoidea: Cochlespiridae)

Fig. 13. Shells of species of Leucosyrinx Dall, 1889. A–B. Leucosyrinx verrillii (Dall, 1881), French Guiana, MNHN-IM-2013-56840, SL 25.1 mm. C. L. verrillii, French Guiana, MNHN-IM-2013-56288, SL 31.9 mm (radula seen on Fig. 11C). D–E. Leucosyrinx sp. G. D. Papua New Guinea, MNHN- IM-2009-17089, SL 32.2 mm (radula seen on Fig. 11E). E. Bismarck Sea, MNHN-IM-2013-19689, SL 47.3 mm.F. Leucosyrinx sp. D, Solomon Islands, MNHN-IM-2009-16769, SL 25 mm. G. Leucosyrinx sp. E, Madagascar, MNHN-IM-2009-16897, SL 46.1 mm. H. Leucosyrinx sp. A, Philippines, MNHN- IM-2007-42445, SL 34.1 mm. I. Leucosyrinx sp. B, Solomon Islands, MNHN IM-2009-16764, SL 29.9 mm. J. Leucosyrinx sp. C, Solomon Islands, MNHN-IM-2007-42503, SL 41.2 mm (radula seen on Fig. 11F). K. Leucosyrinx sp. F, Coral Sea, Chesterfield Plateau, MNHN-IM-2007-17846, SL 27.3 mm (radula seen on Fig. 11D). All shells to same scale.

Fig. 7 in Rare, deep-water and similar: revision of Sibogasyrinx (Conoidea: Cochlespiridae)

Fig. 7. Sibogasyrinx sangeri Kantor, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2018. A–B. Holotype, Papua New Guinea, MNHN-IM-2009-17022, SL 54.1 mm. C. Papua New Guinea, MNHN-IM-2009-16995, SL 47.7 mm (radula seen on Fig. 8A–B). D–E. Solomon Islands, MNHN-IM-2009-16779, SL 55.8 mm. F. Papua New Guinea, MNHN-IM-2009-17021, SL 53.7 mm.G–H. Papua New Guinea, MNHN-IM-2009-17057, SL 38.8 mm. I–J. Philippines, MNHN-IM-2009-13434, SL 36.9 mm. K. Solomon Islands, MNHN- IM-2009-16766, SL 26.3 mm. All shells to the same scale.

Fig. 6 in Rare, deep-water and similar: revision of Sibogasyrinx (Conoidea: Cochlespiridae)

Fig. 6. Sibogasyrinx subula sp. nov. A–C. Solomon Islands, holotype, MNHN-IM-2007-42530, SL 55 mm. D–F. Solomon Islands, MNHN-IM-2007-42533, SL 53.6 mm. G. Papua New Guinea, MNHN- IM-2013-58409, SL 36.3 mm. H–I. Solomon Islands, MNHN-IM-2009-13568, SL 49.4 mm (radula seen on Fig. 4F). J–L. Vanuatu, MNHN-IM-2007-17704, SL 53 mm. M. Vanuatu, MNHN-IM-2007-17701, SL 46.0 mm. N. Solomon Islands, MNHN-IM-2009-13567, SL 57.4 mm. All shells to same scale.

Fig. 2 in Rare, deep-water and similar: revision of Sibogasyrinx (Conoidea: Cochlespiridae)

Fig. 2. Bathymetric ranges of species of Sibogasyrinx Powell, 1969. The dashed bar for PSH 4 (S. elbakyanae sp. nov.) marks the range of the trawl haul in which a single specimen was collected. The grey bar for PSH 6 (S. filosa Ardovini, 2021) indicates the depths of occurrence of the type material. Stars indicate the depths of collection of the holotypes of non-sequenced species.

Fig. 1. Bayesian phylogenetic tree obtained with the cox1 in Rare, deep-water and similar: revision of Sibogasyrinx (Conoidea: Cochlespiridae)

Fig. 1. Bayesian phylogenetic tree obtained with the cox1 dataset. Posterior probabilities (> 0.95) and bootstraps (> 90) are shown for each node. The boxes in front of the lineages of Sibogasyrinx Powell, 1969 represent the ABGD PSHs, numbered from 1 to 10. Alternative PSH partitions obtained in the second and third-best ASAP partitions are shown with dashed lines. The colors refer to the locality; * = illustrated shells.

Fig. 12. A–D in Rare, deep-water and similar: revision of Sibogasyrinx (Conoidea: Cochlespiridae)

Fig. 12. A–D. Sibogasyrinx pagodiformis sp. nov. A–B. Solomon Islands, holotype, MNHN- IM-2009-16825, SL 28.8 mm. C–D. Vanuatu. MNHN-IM-2009-11327, SL 24.3 mm. E–H. Sibogasyrinx elbakyanae Kantor, Puillandre & Bouchet sp. nov., holotype, Solomon Islands, MNHN-IM-2009-16834, SL 27.3 mm. H. Enlarged fragment of penultimate and antepenultimate whorls. A–G to same scale.

Fig. 5 in Rare, deep-water and similar: revision of Sibogasyrinx (Conoidea: Cochlespiridae)

Fig. 5. Anterior foregut of Sibogasyrinx cf. pyramidalis (Schepman, 1913) 2, MNHN-IM-2009-16972. A. Right latero-dorsal view. B. Dorsal view of the nerve ring and opening of the venom gland. Abbreviations: mb = muscular bulb of the venom gland; nr = circumoesophageal nerve ring; od = odontophore; oe = oesophagus; pr = proboscis; prr = proboscis retractors; rs = radular sac; sd = salivary duct; sg = salivary gland; vg = venom gland.