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709 results for “soil carbon”

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Data from: Long-term changes in soil carbon and nitrogen fractions in switchgrass, native grasses, and no-till corn bioenergy production systems

Cellulosic bioenergy is a primary land-based climate mitigation strategy, with soil carbon (C) storage and nitrogen (N) conservation as important mitigation elements. Here, we present 13 years of soil C and N change under three cellulosic cropping systems: monoculture switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a five native grasses polyculture, and no-till corn (Zea mays L.). Soil C and N fractions were measured four times over 12 years. Bulk soil C in the 0–25 cm depth at the end of the study period ranged from 28.4 (± 1.4 se) Mg C ha−1 in no-till corn, to 30.8 (± 1.4) Mg C ha−1 in switchgrass, and to 34.8 (± 1.4) Mg C ha−1 in native grasses. Mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) ranged from 60% to 90% and particulate organic matter (POM) from 10% to 40% of total soil C. Over 12 years, total C as well as both C fractions persisted under no-till corn and switchgrass and increased under native grasses. In contrast, POM N stocks decreased 33% to 45% across systems, whereas MAOM N decreased by less than 13% and only in no-till corn. Declining POM N stocks likely reflect pre-establishment land use, which included alfalfa and manure in earlier rotations. Root production and large soil aggregate formation explained 69% (p < 0.001) and 36% (p = 0.024) of total soil C change, respectively, and 60% (p = 0.020) and 41% (p = 0.023) of soil N change, demonstrating the importance of belowground productivity and soil aggregates for producing and protecting soil C and conserving soil N. Differences between switchgrass and native grasses also indicate a dependence on plant diversity. Soil C and N benefits of bioenergy crops depend strongly on root productivity and pre-establishment land use.

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

zenodo40/100

Data and R-scripts for estimating carbon dioxide emissions from drained peatland forest soils for the greenhouse gas inventory of Finland

Introduction A new method for estimating carbon dioxide emissions from rained peatland forest soils was developed for the Greenhouse Gas Inventory of Finland (GHG inventory). The method is based on a set of models (Ojanen et al. 2014, Tuomi et al., 2009) that dynamically compile all relevant carbon inputs and outputs into a time series of soil CO2 emission. A complete description of the method is described in Alm et al. (2023). Here we present the input data and R-scripts (R Core Team, 2020) for computing the time series from year 1990 to 2022 of CO2 emission from soil in forest land on drained organic soil, like it was reported by the Finnish GHG inventory (Statistics Finland, 2023). Time series data The source of forest and area data is the Finnish National Forest Inventory (NFI) as a part of Luke Statutory Services. The NFI standing forest data in the data files includes annual country-wide estimates of mean basal area and standing biomass of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) and all the broadleaved forest trees combined. The data concerns forest land on drained organic soil only (class FRA 1 according to the FAO forest land definition). The NFI data for each year has been averaged by different drained peatland forest site types (FTYPE) and by inventory regions of southern and northern Finland. The areas and proportions of FTYPEs of all drained peatland “forests remaining forests” (i.e., forests that have not undergone another change in land use in the past 20 years) in southern and northern Finland (Alm et al., 2023), derived from NFI12 (2014–2018). Annual litter input from harvest residues was estimated using statistics of harvested stem volumes by species, collected and published by Luke (Luke statistics). The stem volumes were converted to whole trees and further to litter fractions and further to The share of residues remaining in forest is estimated by subtracting the amount of the logging residues collected for energy use, the data obtained from Luke statistics/energy. The biomass of live trees, annual litterfall from live trees aboveground and root litter belowground are derived from the National Forest Inventory of Finland (inventory rounds NFI8 to NFI13). The R-code also includes calculation of annual litter production from the harvesting residues. The regression-based transfer models, implemented in the R-code, also need meteorological time series inputs: The soil organic matter decomposition model (Ojanen et al. 2014) uses May-October mean temperature. Decomposition model yasso07 (Tuomi et al., 2009), applied for estimating the CO2 release by decomposition of harvesting residues and above ground litter from natural mortality, is constrained by annual temperature, annual temperature amplitude and annual precipitation. Starting from the original country-wide grid produced by the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) the weather time series were spatially averaged so that the FMI weather grid values were collected from those locations where peatlands representing each FTYPE in southern and northern Finland were observed by the NFI, respectively. The pre-prepared input data are given in files, see Table 1 for descriptions.     Table 1. Description of input data files. <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> File </td> <td> Description of data </td> </tr> <tr> <td> basal.areas.csv </td> <td> Time series of years 1990-2022 for annual average basal area (m2 ha-1) by year, by peatland forest site type (peat_type) and by tree species or group (tree_type).   Values of peat_type correspond to FTYPE: 1  Herb-rich type 2  Vaccinium myrtillus type 4  Vaccinium vitis-idaea type 6  Dwarf shrub type 7  Cladina type   Values of tree species or group correspond to: 1  Scots pine 2  Norway spruce 3  Broadleaved species </td> </tr> <tr> <td> biomass.csv </td> <td> Time series of years 1990-2022 for annual biomass (biomass, t ha-1 of dry mass) by year, by biomass component, by tree species and by peatland forest site type (tkg).   Values of peat_type correspond to FTYPE: 1  Herb-rich type 2  Vaccinium myrtillus type 4  Vaccinium vitis-idaea type 6  Dwarf shrub type 7  Cladina type   </td> </tr> <tr> <td> dead_litter.csv </td> <td> Time series of years 1990-2022 of annual aboveground litter from dead wood: Harvesting residues and natural mortality combined (C, t ha-1 of dry mass; lognat_litter).   Values of region correspond to GHG inventory region: south  South Finland north  North Finland </td> </tr> <tr> <td> ghgi_litter.csv </td> <td> Time series of years 1990-2022 for litter AWEN-fractions (A=acid soluble, W=water soluble, E=ethanol soluble, N=non-soluble; C, t ha-1) by different litter types: Above-ground coarse woody litter (coarse_woody_litter), fine woody litter (fine_woody_litter), non-woody litter (non_woody_litter) by litter source and deposition type by region. “org” denotes organic soil.   Values of region correspond to GHG inventory region: south  South Finland north  North Finland   Values of ground correspond to litter deposition environment: above  Above-ground litter below  Below-ground litter </td> </tr> <tr> <td> lognat_decomp.csv </td> <td> Time series of years 1990-2022 for C, t ha-1 of dry mass, decomposed from logging residues and natural mortality by region.   Values of variable “region” correspond to GHG inventory region: south  South Finland north  North Finland </td> </tr> <tr> <td> logyasso_weather_data.csv </td> <td> Time series of years 1990-2022 for regional (region) precipitation sum (mm, sum_P), average annual temperature (°C, mean_T) and amplitude of the annual temperature (°C , ampli_T).   Values of region correspond to GHG inventory region: south  South Finland north  North Finland   </td> </tr> <tr> <td> total_area.csv </td> <td> Areas (ha) of drained peatland forests remaining forest land by region and peat_type.   Values of variable “region” correspond to GHG inventory region: south  South Finland north  North Finland   Values of peat_type correspond to FTYPE: 1  Herb-rich type 2  Vaccinium myrtillus type 4  Vaccinium vitis-idaea type 6  Dwarf shrub type 7  Cladina type   </td> </tr> <tr> <td> weather_data.csv </td> <td> Time series of years 1990-2022 for 30-year rolling mean temperature for the May-October period (roll_T) used by the soil decomposition models. The values are calculated for each FTYPE (peat_type) using their spatial distributions (see details in Alm et al., 2023).   Values of variable “region” correspond to GHG inventory region: south  South Finland north  North Finland   Values of peat_type correspond to FTYPE: 1  Herb-rich type 2  Vaccinium myrtillus type 4  Vaccinium vitis-idaea type 6  Dwarf shrub type 7  Cladina type   </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>   The R-scripts The scripts are an excerpt from the Finnish greenhouse gas inventory code set, applying the necessary pre-processed input data and producing the soil CO2 emissions for each FTYPE separately. The necessary R-packages (R Core Team, 2020) are managed in the script LIBRARIES.R. Guidance for running the R-scripts is given in the README.txt. References Alm, J., Wall, A., Myllykangas, J-P., Ojanen, P., Heikkinen, J., Henttonen, H. M., Laiho, R., Minkkinen, K., Tuomainen, T. and Mikola, J. A new method for estimating carbon dioxide emissions from drained peatland forest soils for the greenhouse gas inventory of Finland. Biogeosciences https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1-2023, 2023. LUKE Statistics <ul> <li>https://www.luke.fi/en/statistics/total-roundwood-removals-and-drain, last access 8.12.2022.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>https://www.luke.fi/en/statistics/commercial-fellings/commercial-fellings-72023. last access 8.12.2022.</li> </ul> Statistics Finland 2023. URL: https://unfccc.int/documents/627718 (last access 13.9.2023). Ojanen, P., Lehtonen, A., Heikkinen, J., Penttilä, T., and Minkkinen, K.: Soil CO2 balance and its uncertainty in forestry drained peatlands in Finland, Forest Ecol. Manage., 325, 60–73, 2014. R Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation forStatistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, URL https://www.R-project.org, 2020. Tuomi, M., Thum, T., Järvinen, H., Fronzek, S., Berg, B., Harmon, M., Trofymow, J.A., Sevanto, S. and Liski, J.: Leaf litter decomposition - Estimates of global variability based on Yasso07 model, Ecol. Modell. 220 (23):3362-3371, 2009.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

zenodo40/100

Potassium fertilization effects on cereal yield and soil organic carbon in agricultural ecosystems at the global scale

This dataset includes the raw data of a global meta-analysis study on the responses of cereal yield and soil organic carbon to potassium fertilization in agricultural ecosystems.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

zenodo40/100

Direct evidence for atmospheric carbon dioxide removal via enhanced weathering in cropland soil: Supporting data

Datasets (climate, alkalinity, moisture sensors) associated with the manuscript "Direct evidence for atmospheric carbon dioxide removal via enhanced weathering in cropland soil."

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

zenodo40/100

Dataset to Schiedung et al (2023): Soil carbon losses due to priming moderated by adaptation and legacy effects

Data set to: Schiedung et al. (2023) Soil carbon losses due to priming moderated by adaptation and legacy effects, Nature Geoscience All file informations are presented in 0_Read_me_description.csv All .csv files are separated by ",". All .xlsx files contain the isotopic excess calculations condcuted in Microsoft Excel (Version 2301 Build 16.0.16026.20002). This repository contains all data of the soils and sites, incubation and fractionation presented in the above mentioned publication. For further questions and requests contact Marcus Schiedung (marcusschiedung@gmail.com)

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

dryad40/100