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1,491 results for “sperm”
Inbreeding and kinship coefficients of parents of sperm competition experiment with lake char (Lake Geneva 2017/18)
<p>A total of 14 lake char (<em>Salvelinus umbla</em>) were genotyped in the same library using ddRADsequencing. The data includes 14 gzipped .fastq files generated using 2 lanes of sequencing on an Illumina HIseq 2500 and the final dataset with the final estimates of kinship and inbreeding. For each individual, the fastq files of the 2 sequencings lanes were merged after demultiplexing using <em>process_radtags</em> (Stacks 1.48). We provide the bash and R scripts that we used. There are no legal or ethical considerations regarding the above-mentioned data.</p>
Sperm limitation produces male biased family sex ratios
<p>Haplo-diploid sex determination in the parasitoid wasp, <em>Nasonia vitripennis</em> (Walker), allows females to adjust their brood sex ratios. Females influence whether ova are fertilized, producing diploid females, or remain unfertilized, producing haploid males. Females appear to adjust their brood sex ratios to minimize "local mate competition," <em>i.e.</em>, competition among sons for mates. Because mating occurs between siblings, females may optimize mating opportunities for their offspring by producing only enough sons to inseminate daughters when ovipositing alone and producing more sons when superparasitism is likely. Although widely accepted, this hypothesis makes no assumptions about gamete limitation in either sex. Because sperm is used to produce daughters, repeated oviposition could reduce sperm supplies, causing females to produce more sons. In contrast, if egg-limited females produce smaller broods, they might use fewer sperm, making sperm limitation less likely. To investigate whether repeated oviposition and female fertility influence gamete limitation within females, we created two treatments of six mated female wasps, which received a series of six hosts at intervals of 24 or 48 hrs. All females produced at least one mixed-sex brood (63 total broods; 3,696 offspring). As expected, if females became sperm limited, in both treatments, brood sex ratios became increasingly male-biased with increasing host number. The interhost interval did not affect brood size, total offspring number or sex ratio, indicating females did not become egg limited. Our results support earlier studies showing sperm depletion affects sex allocation in <em>N. vitripennis</em>¸ and could limit adaptive sex ratio manipulation in these parasitoid wasps.</p>
Data from: A meiotic driver alters sperm form and function in house mice: a possible example of spite
<p>The ability to subvert independent assortment of chromosomes is found in many meiotic drivers, such as the t haplotype in house mice <em>Mus musculu</em>s, in which the t-bearing chromosomal homolog is preferentially transmitted to offspring. This is explained by a poison-antidote system, in which developing + and <em>t</em> sperm in testes of + /<em>t</em> males are exposed to 'poison' coded by <em>t</em> loci, from which t sperm are protected, allowing <em>t</em> sperm an overwhelming fertilisation advantage in monogamous matings. This system is thought to result in poorly and normally motile sperm subpopulations within + /<em>t </em>sperm, leaving t sperm unharmed. Conversely, we found that the fastest quartile of sperm from + /<em>t</em> males swam more slowly, both forwards and along their travel path, and had reduced straightness and linearity, compared to the fastest quartile of + / + sperm. Moreover, sperm from + /<em>t</em> males had shorter tails and narrower heads than + / + sperm, and these morphological differences covaried with motility differences. Finally, + /<em>t</em> traits did not show evidence of bimodal distributions. We conclude that the t haplotype drive results in lasting damage to the motility of both + and <em>t</em> developing sperm, although previous studies indicate that + must be more harmed than <em>t</em> sperm. This damage to all sperm may explain the low success of + /<em>t</em> males in sperm competition with + / + males, seen in earlier studies. We propose that the harm the t causes to itself could be termed 'spiteful', which may also be common to other gamete-harming meiotic drive systems.</p>
Echinoderm sperm swimming and fertilization
<p>In an era of climate change, impacts on the marine environment include warming and ocean acidification. These effects can be amplified in shallow coastal regions where conditions often fluctuate widely. This type of environmental variation is potentially important for many nearshore species that are broadcast spawners, releasing eggs and sperm into the water column for fertilization. We conducted two experiments to investigate: 1) the impact of water temperature on sperm swimming characteristics and fertilization rate in sand dollars (<em>Dendraster excentricus</em>) and sea urchins (<em>Mesocentrotus franciscanus</em>) and; 2) the combined effects of multiple stressors (water temperature and pH) on these traits in sand dollars. We quantify thermal performance curves showing that sand dollar fertilization rates, sperm swimming velocities, and sperm motility display remarkably wide thermal breadths relative to red urchins, perhaps reflecting the wider range of water temperatures experienced by sand dollars at our field sites. For sand dollars, both temperature (8, 16, 24°C) and pH (7.1, 7.5, 7.9) affected fertilization but only temperature influenced sperm swimming velocity and motility. Although sperm velocities and fertilization were positively correlated, our fertilization kinetics model dramatically overestimated measured rates and this discrepancy was most pronounced under extreme temperature and pH conditions. Our results suggest that environmental stressors like temperature and pH likely impair aspects of the reproductive process beyond simple sperm swimming behavior.</p>
Frequency-dependent viscosity of salmon ovarian fluid has biophysical implications for sperm-egg interactions
<p>Gamete-level sexual selection of externally fertilising species is usually achieved by modifying sperm behaviour with mechanisms thought to alter the chemical environment in which gametes perform. In fish this can be accomplished through the ovarian fluid, a substance released with the eggs at spawning. While its biochemical effects in relation to sperm energetics have been investigated, the influence of the physical environment in which sperm compete remains poorly explored. Our objective was therefore to gain insights on the physical structure of this fluid and potential impacts on reproduction. Using soft-matter physics approaches of steady-state and oscillatory viscosity measurements, we subjected salmon ovarian fluids to variable shear stresses and frequencies resembling those exerted by sperm swimming through the fluid near eggs. We show that this fluid, which in its relaxed state is a gel-like substance, displays a non-Newtonian viscoelastic and shear-thinning profile, where the viscosity decreases with increasing shear rates. We concurrently find that this fluid obeys the Cox-Merz rule below 7.6 Hz and infringes it above, thus indicating a shear-thickening phase where viscosity increases provided it is probed gently enough. This suggests the presence of a unique frequency-dependant structural network with relevant implications on sperm energetics and fertilisation dynamics.</p>
Mouse sperm acrosome exocytosis
<p>CD1 male mice (10 to 12 weeks old) were maintained in a 12-hour light and 12-hour dark cycle, at 23°C and 55±15% humidity, with water being always accessible. Animals were euthanized and cauda epididymal sperm collection followed. Cauda epididymis was cut at multiple sites, placed in 500 µl of non-capacitating medium (NC) and incubated at 37°C for 15 min. Supernatant was collected and pre-incubation with 100 nM SiR-actin in NC of recovered sperm took place for 10 min. Once dyed, sperm were once more incubated for at 37°C for 60 min in capacitating (CAP) conditions.</p> <p>NC used was a modified TYH medium (119.3 mM NaCl, 4.7 mM KCl, 1.71 mM CaCl<sub>2</sub>•2H<sub>2</sub>O, 1.2 mM KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>, 1.2 mM MgSO<sub>4•</sub>7H<sub>2</sub>O, 0.51 mM sodium pyruvate, 5.56 mM glucose, 20 mM HEPES and 10 µg/ml gentamicin). For CAP conditions, 5 mg/ml BSA and 15 mM NaHCO<sub>3</sub> were added.</p> <p>Sperm were immobilized in coverslips treated with concanavalin-A (1 mg/ml). The imaging chamber was loaded with NC with 0.5 µM FM4-64 and 100 nM SiR-actin. Dye excitation was provided by 561 nm and 640 nm lasers. Using a NanoImager-S microscope (ONI, Oxford Nanoimaging Ltd) equipped with a 100X, 1.4 NA, oil-immersion objective (Olympus), 100 frames were acquired every 0.5 min for a total of 20 min, with a pixel size of 117 nm.</p> <p>Experimental procedures were approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Biotechnology Institute of the National Autonomous University of Mexico.</p>
Data from: Effects of fixatives and storage duration on avian sperm morphology
<p><span>Sperm cells are variable both within and among species. To be able to accurately measure sperm cells and understand their function, it is important that sperm cells are preserved in a manner that maintains their structural integrity. </span><span>Formalin is a widely used fixative and storage medium for sperm cells, but few studies have examined the effect of fixation and long-term storage on their morphological integrity. Ethanol is also a common fixation and storage agent for tissue samples, and here we examine if fixation and storage in formalin or ethanol alters sperm cell size and structural integrity. We found no significant effects of the fixation process on fresh sperm cells fixed in formalin or ethanol. Further, there were no </span><span>consistent length changes in sperm cells stored in formalin or ethanol over a period of 227 days, or in sperm cells stored in formalin for three years. A comparison across 13-14 years of storage time showed a small but significant reduction in sperm cell length of 0.93%. Furthermore, sperm cells initially fixed in formalin remained quite stable in dry storage on glass slides for a minimum of six months (we found a mean reduction in sperm cell length of 0.18% after six months). The proportion of sperm cells with head damage was, however, much higher for samples stored in ethanol than for those stored in formalin. Overall, 70% of sperm cells had acrosome damage in ethanol versus only 3% in formalin. Finding intact sperm cells for measuring length therefore required greater effort in ethanol samples than in formalin samples. Our findings indicate that use of sperm cells from long-term storage for the study of sperm morphometrics is justified for either fixative, although formalin clearly preserves the sperm cells better. </span></p>
Script associated with the study on Daphnia sperm evolution by Duneau et al
<p>Script associated with the study on Daphnia sperm evolution by Duneau, Möst and Ebert.</p>
A test for plasticity in sperm motility activation
<p>Evolutionary theory predicts that selection will favour phenotypic plasticity in sperm traits that maximise fertilisation success in dynamic fertilisation environments. In species with external fertilisation, osmolality of the fertilisation medium is known to play a critical role in activating sperm motility, but evidence for osmotic-induced sperm plasticity is limited to euryhaline fish and marine invertebrates. Whether this capacity extends to freshwater taxa remains unknown. Here, we provide the first test for plasticity in sperm-motility activation in response to osmotic environment in an anuran amphibian. Unexpectedly, there was no detectable shift in the optimal osmolality for sperm-motility activation after approximately 13 weeks of acclimation (a period reflecting the duration of the winter breeding season). However, in both the low and high acclimation treatments, the optimal osmolality for sperm-motility activation mirrored the osmolality at the natural breeding site, indicating a phenotypic match to the local environment. Previously it has been shown that <em>C. signifera</em> display among-population covariation between environmental osmolality and sperm performance. Coupled with this finding, the results of the present study suggest that inter-population differences reflect genetic divergence and local adaptation. We discuss the need for experimental tests of osmotic-induced sperm plasticity in more freshwater taxa to better understand the environmental and evolutionary contexts favouring adaptive plasticity in sperm-motility activation.</p>
Data for Human sperm steer with second harmonics of the flagellar beat
<p>Files containing all data processed for the article “Human sperm steer with second harmonics of the flagellar beat” by Guglielmo Saggiorato, Luis Alvarez, Jan F. Jikeli, U. Benjamin Kaupp, Gerhard Gompper, and Jens Elgeti</p> <p><br> collected_data.zip<br> compressed containing one folder per experiment. Each folder features the raw data (original movie) and the corresponding flagellar parameters measured: trajectory and curvature. </p> <p>movie.tbz2<br> files to make the movie comparing original sperm recording and simulation</p> <p>steer_with_phase.bz2<br> xyz file of Supplementary Movie 2 where sperm steers with the second-harmonic phase</p> <p>analysis_scripts.zip contains<br> scripts used for data analysis: curvature.py, pma.py, and spectrogram.py </p> <p>compare_2nd_harmonic_to_average_curvature.tar.bz2<br> files comparing the contribution of the 2nd harmonic and average curvature</p> <p> </p>
Data, code and supplementary material - Gone but not forgotten: dynamics of sperm storage and potential ejaculate digestion in the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Effects of inbreeding and elevated rearing temperatures on strategic sperm investment
<p>Males often strategically adjust the number of available sperm based on the social context (i.e., sperm priming response), but it remains unclear how environmental and genetic factors shape this adjustment. In freshwater ecosystems, high ambient temperatures often lead to isolated pools of hotter water in which inbreeding occurs. Higher water temperatures and inbreeding can impair fish development, potentially disrupting sperm production. We used guppies (<em>Poecilia reticulata</em>) to investigate how developmental temperature (26 °C, 30 °C) and male inbreeding status (inbred, outbred) influence their sperm priming response. We also tested if sperm priming was affected by whether the female was a relative (sister), and whether she was inbred or outbred.</p> <p>We ran two separate analyses to address our research questions. First, we ran a linear mixed model (LMM) to investigate the effects of male inbreeding status (inbred, outbred), rearing temperature (warm, control), and social environment (no female, unrelated outbred female, related female) and all three two-way interactions on sperm priming response (i.e., the total number of sperm produced in 7 days). Second, we noted that inbred males might produce fewer sperm than outbred males in the presence of a related female due to their sister being inbred and therefore of lower quality (e.g., less fecund). To test whether the observed effect of male inbreeding status was confounded by the related female's inbreeding status, we ran an additional LMM exclusively for inbred males. We separated the effects of inbreeding status of the female and her genetic relatedness to the male by considering three types of female (inbred related, inbred unrelated, outbred unrelated) that inbred males encountered. </p> <p>There was no effect of rearing temperature; male inbreeding status alone determined the number of available sperm in response to female presence, her inbreeding status and her relatedness. Inbred males produced significantly more sperm in the presence of an unrelated, outbred female than when no female was present. Conversely, outbred males did not alter the number of sperm available in response to female presence or relatedness. Moreover, inbred males produced marginally more sperm when exposed to an unrelated female that was outbred rather than inbred, but there was no difference when exposed to an inbred female that was unrelated versus related. Together, a sperm priming response was only observed in inbred males when exposed to an outbred female. Outbred females in our study were larger than inbred females, suggesting that inbred males strategically allocated ejaculate resources towards females in better condition.</p>
Quantitation of human sperm DNA accessibility and DNA nicking by NicE-view and Nick translation imaging
<ul> <li>Accessible or nicked DNA from human sperm was labelled using NicE-view, ATAC-See or nick translation.</li> <li>For nick translation and NicE-view 60 individuals were profiled, for 57 of these individuals two samples were available (1 for total sperm and 1 for sperm selected for motility via the swim-up method), while for the final 3 only total sperm was available (filename: Gill_NicE_view_CellProfiler.csv).</li> <li>For ATAC-See data from 5 individuals were generated (Gill_ATAC_See_CellProfiler.csv).</li> <li>For a further 6 individuals sperm were isolated by FACS following labelling with the DNA dye CMA3 and subjected to T4 NicE-view (Gill_NicE_view_CMA3_Cell_Profiler.csv).</li> <li>Finally a data set containing double labelling of DNA nicks and DNA accessibility was generated for 6 individuals (Gill NicE_view_Double_Labelling_CellProfiler.csv).</li> <li>For each sample 400 Z-projections were generated and quantified using CellProfiler. Data are saved in .csv files.</li> <li>A further .csv file contains metadata relating to demographic, hormonal and reproductive parameters of the study participants (Gill_NicE_view_participant.csv).</li> <li>A series of 13 R scripts (number 01-12, and a general script containing helper functions) are included to analyze the data and generate the figures found in Gill et al. (A text file containing instructions regarding directory structures is also included) as a .zip archive</li> </ul>
Fig. 1. Fresh pejerrey spermatozoa stained with eosin. H in Ultrastructure of fresh and post thawed sperm of pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis (Atheriniformes)
Fig. 1. Fresh pejerrey spermatozoa stained with eosin. H: Head; MP: Midpiece; F: Flagellum.
Fig. 1 in Study on sperm heteromorphism in some mussels (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from the Sea of Japan
Fig. 1. Map of the studied area and position of sampling site in Vostok Bay (Sea of Japan).
Рис. 1. Карта района исследованиЯ и место сбора материала in Study on sperm heteromorphism in some mussels (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from the Sea of Japan
Рис. 1. Карта района исследованиЯ и место сбора материала
Data for "Sperm motility in modulated microchannels"
<p>Data for "Sperm motility in modulated microchannels" as published in NJP.</p> <p> </p> <p>Plots are generated by the jupyter notebook sperm_microchannels.ipynb</p> <p>All necessary python packages are specified in requirements.txt</p> <p> </p> <p>SETUP:</p> <p>- use python 2</p> <p> - pip install -r requirements.txt</p> <p> - jupyter notebook sperm_microchannels.ipynb</p> <p> </p>
A conserved fertilization complex bridges sperm and egg in vertebrates
<p>This depository contains the data associated to all Parallel Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry experiments presented in Deneke, Blaha et al, 2024. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2024.09.035</p>
Ancestral sperm ecotypes reveal multiple invasions of a non-native fish in northern Europe
For externally fertilising organisms in the aquatic environment, the abiotic fertilisation medium can be a strong selecting force. Among bony fishes, sperm are adapted to function in a narrow salinity range. A notable exception is the family Gobiidae, where several species reproduce across a wide salinity range. The family also contains several wide-spread invasive species. To better understand how these fishes tolerate such varying conditions, we measured sperm performance in relation to salinity from a freshwater and a brackish population within their ancestral Ponto-Caspian region of the round goby, Neogobius melanostomus. These two ancestral populations were then compared to nine additional invaded sites across northern Europe, both in terms of their sperm traits and by using genomic SNP markers. Our results show clear patterns of ancestral adaptations to freshwater and brackish salinities in their sperm performance. Population genomic analyses show that the ancestral ecotypes have generally established themselves in environments that fit their sperm adaptations. Sites close to ports with intense shipping show that both outbreeding and admixture can affect the sperm performance of a population in a given salinity. Rapid adaptation to local conditions is also supported at some sites. Historical and contemporary evolution in the traits of the round goby sperm cells is tightly linked to the population and seascape genomics as well as biogeographic processes in these invasive fishes. Since the risk of a population establishing in an area is related to the genotype by environment match, port connectivity and the ancestry of the round goby population can likely be useful for predicting the species spread.
FIGURE 19 in Sperm structure in Parasitidae mites (Parasitiformes: Mesostigmata: Gamasina)
FIGURE 19: Plot generated in EXCEL OFFICE 2010 showing a correlation of average sperm diameter (nuclear region) and number of ribbons in studied species from both Parasitidae subfamilies. Number of ribbons is given either as number with modal frequency, most frequent number or numbers with the same frequencies (see Table 2). Trend lines with square of correlation coefficient (R2) are also shown.
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