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334 results for “temporal variation”
Figure 2 in Temporal and seasonal variations in parasites of Metynnis lippincottianus (Characiformes: Characidae), a host from the eastern Amazon (Brazil)
Figure 2. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) for parasite species in Metynnis lippincottianus from the eastern Amazon (Brazil), during 2011 and 2016. Im: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Aj: Anacanthorum jegui, Met: Metacercariae of Digenea, Hr: Hirudinea gen sp., Dl: Dolops longicuda, So: Spinoxyuris oxydoras, Cs: Contracaecum sp., Pi: Procamallanus (S.) inopinatus, Prs: Procamallanus (S.) sp., DDp: Dadayus pacupeva, Pp., Piscinodinium pillulare, Ts: Trichodina sp., Ex: Ergasilus xinguensis. As: Anacanthorus strongylophalus, Us: Urocleidoides sp.
Figure 1 in Temporal and seasonal variations in parasites of Metynnis lippincottianus (Characiformes: Characidae), a host from the eastern Amazon (Brazil)
Figure 1. Collection sites of Metynnis lippincottianus in a tributary of Amazon River, in eastern Amazon (Brazil).
Within-lake variation in fish predation risk shapes the spatio-temporal structure of the zooplankton community
<p>Scripts and datasets to reproduce figures and analyses of the article.</p>
Spatio-temporal variation in dry season determines the Amazonian fire calendar
<p><strong>Spatio-temporal variation in dry season determines the Amazonian fire calendar</strong></p> <p><strong>Contact:</strong> nsc.nathaliacarvalho@gmail.com</p> <p><strong>Data repository for the paper:</strong> Carvalho et al. Spatio-temporal variation in dry season determines the Amazonian fire calendar. Environmental Research Letters (2021).</p> <p><strong>Background: </strong>Fire is one of the main anthropogenic drivers that threatens the Amazon. Despite the clear link between rainfall and fire, the spatial and temporal relationship between these variables is still poorly understood in the Amazon. We stratified the Amazon basin according to the dry season onset/end and investigated its relationship with the spatio-temporal variation of fire. We found well-defined seasonal fire patterns related to variation of the dry season end. </p> <p><strong>Fire Amazonian Calendar:</strong> Our results and maps are also available in a user-friendly interface (<a href="http://amazonianfirecalendar.shinyapps.io/fire_amazon/">amazonianfirecalendar.shinyapps.io/fire_amazon/</a>). </p> <p><strong>Dataset:</strong> Rasters files of the dry season (onset, end, length) and fire dynamics (Monthly percentage of fire in the peak month, Fire peak month and Critical Fire Period).</p> <p><strong>Coverage:</strong> Amazon basin</p> <p><strong>Spatial resolution:</strong> 10km</p> <p><strong>Coordinate reference system:</strong> South America Albers Equal Area Conic with Datum SAD69</p> <p><strong>For the use of this dataset, please cite:</strong> Carvalho, N. S.; Anderson L. O.; Nunes C. A.; Pessôa, A. C.M.; Silva Junior, C. H. L., Reis, J.B.C.; Shimabukuro, Y. E.; Berenguer E.; Barlow J. and Aragão, L. E. O. C. Spatio-temporal variation in dry season determines the Amazonian fire calendar. Environmental Research Letters (2021). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac3aa3">https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac3aa3</a></p>
Temporal and interspecific dietary variation in wintering ducks in agricultural landscapes
<p class="MsoNormal">Farmlands are becoming more important as waterfowl foraging habitats, while natural wetlands are being lost globally. However, it is unclear how waterfowl coexist in agricultural landscapes by resource partitioning. We evaluated the diets of seven sympatric dabbling ducks foraging in rice paddy and lotus fields around Lake Kasumigaura, the second largest lake in Japan, during two wintering seasons (from November to February) by fecal DNA metabarcoding using chloroplast <em>trn</em>L and mitochondrial CO1 region sequences. We examined 42<span>0</span> fecal samples and found different patterns of dietary diversity and composition among the duck species. The pattern also differed between plant and invertebrate food. Dietary niche partitioning was clear in plant food. Large-bodied ducks intensively use crop plants, and other ducks might mediate competition by using terrestrial and aquatic plants that are suitable for their foraging behaviors or microhabitats. Dietary segregation among species was the most apparent in February, when the abundance of foraging ducks was the largest. This study <span>illustrated</span> the complex pattern of dietary niche partitioning of dabbling ducks in agricultural landscapes, which might be difficult to evaluate by conventional approaches. The availability of crop plants, as well as other plant food resources in <span>flooded areas</span> and farmland dikes, may enable ducks to coexist by spatial or behavioral resource partitioning.</p>
Short-term temporal variation of coastal marine eDNA
<p>Temporal variation in eDNA signals is increasingly explored for understanding community ecology in aquatic habitats. Seasonal changes have been addressed using eDNA sampling, but very little is known regarding short-term temporal variation that spans hours to days. To address this, we filtered marine water samples from a single coastal site in Denmark every hour for 32 h. We used metabarcoding to target both fish and broader eukaryote diversity and evaluated temporal changes in this marine community. Results revealed variation in fish species richness (15–27) and eukaryote class richness (35–64) across the 32 h of sampling, and we further evaluated sampling efforts needed to reach different levels of diversity saturation. Relative read frequency data for both fish and eukaryotes indicated a clear diel change in community composition, with different communities detected during daylight versus dark hours. The abundance signals in our data reflected biological variation rather than stochastic variation, since replicates taken at the same hour were more similar to each other than those taken at different hours. Our compositional results indicated a dynamic community, rather than a static pool of eDNA—even across a few hours. The fish data showed a daily pattern of relative species abundances, and the uncoupling of fish and broader eukaryote data suggest that variation in eDNA profiles across a single day can provide valuable information reflecting diel changes, at least for highly mobile organism groups. However, our results also point to several pitfalls in current eDNA experimental design, in which samples are taken over large areas without relative time-consistency or short-term replication. Our findings shed new light on short-term variation in coastal eDNA and have wide implications for experimental study design and for incorporating temporality into project conceptualization for future aquatic biodiversity monitoring.</p>
Implications of emission sources and biosphere exchange on temporal variations of CO2 and δ13C using continuous atmospheric measurements at Shadnagar (India)
<p>The data contains daily atmospheric CO2 mixing ratios and 13C of CO2 over the Shadnagar region of India during November 2018 to October 2019.</p>
The datasets for the paper "Spatial and temporal distribution of lobate scarps in the lunar south polar region: Evidence for latitudinal variation of scarp geometry, kinematics and formation ages, continuous tectonic activity in the last 100 million years and seismically safe south pole Artemis human landing site" Geophysical Research Letters.
<p>This dataset provides the original data that were used for preparing the illustrations, figures and tables.</p>
Spatio-temporal dynamics of genetic variation at the quantitative and molecular levels within a natural Arabidopsis thaliana population
<p><span>Evolutionary change begins at the population scale. Therefore, understanding adaptive variation requires the identification of the factors maintaining and shaping standing genetic variation at the within-population level. Spatial and temporal environmental heterogeneity represent ecological drivers of within-population genetic variation, determining the evolutionary trajectory of populations along with random processes. Here, we focused on the effects of </span><span>spatio-temporal heterogeneity on quantitative and molecular variation in a natural population of the annual plant <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>.</span></p> <p><span>We sampled 1,093 individuals from a Spanish <em>A. thaliana </em>population across an area of 7.4 ha for 10 years (2012-2021). Based on a sample of 279 maternal lines, we estimated spatio-temporal variation in life-history traits and fitness from a common garden experiment. We genotyped 884 individuals with nuclear microsatellites to estimate spatio-temporal variation in genetic diversity. We assessed spatial patterns by estimating spatial autocorrelation of traits and fine-scale genetic structure. We analyzed the relationships between phenotypic variation, geographic location and genetic relatedness, as well as the effects of environmental suitability and genetic rarity on phenotypic variation. </span></p> <p><span>The common garden experiment indicated that there was more temporal than spatial variation in life-history traits and fitness. Despite the differences among years, genetic distance in ecologically relevant traits (e.g. flowering time) tended to be positively correlated to genetic distance among maternal lines, whilst isolation by distance was less important. Genetic diversity exhibited significant spatial structure at short distances, which were consistent among years. Finally, genetic rarity, and not environmental suitability, accounted for genetic variation in life-history traits.</span></p> <p><span>Synthesis. Our study highlighted the importance of repeated sampling to detect the large amount of genetic diversity at the quantitative and molecular levels that a single <em>A. thaliana</em> population can harbor. Overall, population genetic attributes estimated from our long-term monitoring scheme (genetic relatedness and genetic rarity), rather than biological (dispersal) or ecological (vegetation types and environmental suitability) factors, emerged as the most important drivers of within-population structure of phenotypic variation in <em>A. thaliana.</em></span></p>
Temporal and scalar variations affect resource use of northern bobwhite broods
<p>Disparate resource use originating from phenology of biotic resources, abiotic conditions, and life cycles of exploiting organisms underscores the importance of research across time and space to guide locally relevant management practices. Our goal was to evaluate resource use of northern bobwhite (<i>Colinus virginianus; </i>bobwhite) at two spatial scales and across three age classes, from hatching through a period of the post-juvenile molt. Our study was conducted at Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL, USA– situated in a pyric landscape subjected to biennial prescribed fire. We predicted prescribed fire, disking, and supplemental feeding would dictate resource use, but effects would depend on time since fire, brood age, and time of day. We predicted vegetation and temperature would govern roost use by broods, but these effects would also depend on age. We radio-tracked 62 broods 21–35 times / week during May – October 2018 and 2019. Broods were less likely to use areas with large proportions of hardwood drains but favored sites with greater proportions of burned uplands, regardless of the time of day. Broods were less likely to use areas at greater distances from supplemental feed; this relationship had no interaction with age. The effect of supplemental feed was stronger later in the nesting season (> July 15). Broods were more likely to use areas with greater proportions of fallow fields during the day than for roosting. Broods used roosts with more woody cover and visual obscurity than at available sites. Roosts consisted of less grass and bare ground. However, these effects interacted with age; broods used sparser cover at older ages. Neonate broods were more likely to use cooler roosts with greater thermal stability, but this effect was reversed for juveniles. Broods may alter resource use with changes in vulnerabilities to threats such as thermal risks and predation.</p>
Temporal variation in counterclockwise vertical-axis block rotations across a rift overlap zone, southwestern Ethiopia, East Africa
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Supplementary material 1 from: Rosenfeld S, Marambio J, Ojeda J, Rodríguez JP, González-Wevar C, Gerard K, Contador T, Pizarro G, Mansilla A (2018) Trophic ecology of two coexisting Sub-Antarctic limpets of the genus Nacella: Spatio-temporal variation in food availability and diet composition of Nacella magellanica and N. deaurata in the Sub-Antarctic Ecoregion of Magellan . ZooKeys 738: 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.738.21175
Tables S1–S11 : Explanation note: This is a DOC file with all the temporal information of the occurrence of the algae taxa in both localities, and all the information of the PERMANOVA analyzes used in this study.
Data from: Temporal variation in genetic diversity and effective population size of Mediterranean and subalpine Arabidopsis thaliana populations
Currently there exists a limited knowledge on the extent of temporal variation in population genetic parameters of natural populations. Here we study the extent of temporal variation in population genetics by genotyping 151 genome-wide SNP markers polymorphic in 466 individuals collected from nine populations of the annual plant Arabidopsis thaliana during four years. Populations are located along an altitudinal climatic gradient from Mediterranean to subalpine environments in NE Spain, which has been shown to influence key demographic attributes and life-cycle adaptations. Genetically, A. thaliana populations were more variable across space than over time. Common multilocus genotypes were detected several years in the same population, whereas low-frequency multilocus genotypes appeared only one year. High-elevation populations were genetically poorer and more variable over time than low-elevation populations, which might be caused by a higher overall demographic instability at higher altitudes. Estimated effective population sizes were very low but also showed a significant decreasing trend with increasing altitude, suggesting a deeper impact of genetic drift at high-elevation populations. In comparison with single-year samplings, repeated genotyping over time captured substantially higher amount of genetic variation contained in A. thaliana populations. Furthermore, repeated genotyping of populations provided novel information on the genetic properties of A. thaliana populations and allowed hypothesizing on their underlying mechanisms. Therefore, including temporal genotyping programs into traditional population genetic studies can significantly increase our understanding of the dynamics of natural populations.
Data from: Using a 'time machine' to test for local adaptation of aquatic microbes to temporal and spatial environmental variation
Local adaptation occurs when different environments are dominated by different specialist genotypes, each of which is relatively fit in its local conditions and relatively unfit under other conditions. Analogously, ecological species sorting occurs when different environments are dominated by different competing species, each of which is relatively fit in its local conditions. The simplest theory predicts that spatial, but not temporal, environmental variation selects for local adaptation (or generates species sorting), but this prediction is difficult to test. Although organisms can be reciprocally transplanted among sites, doing so among times seems implausible. Here we describe a reciprocal transplant experiment testing for local adaptation or species sorting of lake bacteria in response to both temporal and spatial variation in water chemistry. The experiment used a −80 °C freezer as a 'time machine'. Bacterial isolates and water samples were frozen for later use, allowing transplantation of older isolates 'forward in time' and newer isolates 'backward in time'. Surprisingly, local maladaptation predominated over local adaptation in both space and time. Such local maladaptation may indicate that adaptation, or the analogous species sorting process, fails to keep pace with temporal fluctuations in water chemistry. This hypothesis could be tested with more finely-resolved temporal data.
Data from: Individual and temporal variation in habitat association of an alien carnivore at its invasion front
Gathering information on how invasive species utilize the habitat is important, in order to better aim actions to reduce their negative impact. We studied habitat use and selection of 55 GPS-marked raccoon dogs (30 males, 25 females) at their invasion front in Northern Sweden, with particular focus on differences between males and females, between movement states, and between seasons and times of the day. Daily movement pattern was used to classify GPS-locations into dispersing and settled. We focused on both anthropogenic and natural landscape characteristics. Since we did not have any a priori knowledge about the spatial scale of raccoon dog habitat selection, we first assessed how landscape characteristics of random points changed with distance from the GPS-location they were paired to. Because changes in habitat use became less pronounced at approximately 5 km for all variables, we focused on habitat use at two spatial scales: fine (500 m) and coarse (5 km). Habitat selection was strongest at the coarse scale, and reflected the results found for habitat use. Raccoon dogs selected agricultural areas and wetlands, lower altitudes, and shallow slopes, and avoided forests, open natural areas, and areas close to water and roads. There were no differences in habitat selection between males and females, or between movement states. This lack of sexual segregation increases the probability of encountering potential mates during dispersal, and therefore the likelihood for reproduction in new areas. The seasonal and diurnal pattern of habitat use may provide guidance for where and when to aim management efforts.
Figure 4 in Factors linked to temporal and spatial variation in the metazoan parasite communities of green jack Caranx caballus (Günther 1868) (Pisces: Carangidae) from the Pacific coast of Mexico
Figure 4. Distinction of Caranx caballus stocks on the Pacific coast of Mexico using parasites as biological tags. (Inset: matrix of classification coefficient values for parasites of C. caballus that allow to differentiate stocks of this host; * indicates the importance of each species of parasite in distinguishing between locations). Dact, Dactylostomum winteri and Caro, Caligus robustus identified hosts from Zihuatanejo; this last copepod also differentiated fish from Puerto Vicente. Buce, Bucephalus varicus and Psca, Pseudopecoeloides carangi were the most important parasite species to identify hosts from Acapulco Bay. Allo, Allopyragraphorus caballeroi and Gnat = Gnathia sp. were the most important parasite species for assigning fish to Marquelia. Psse, Pseudomazocraes selene and Caal = Caligus alalongae allowed identification of the largest number of hosts from Zapotalito.
Figure 3 in Factors linked to temporal and spatial variation in the metazoan parasite communities of green jack Caranx caballus (Günther 1868) (Pisces: Carangidae) from the Pacific coast of Mexico
Figure 3. Graphic of multivariate discriminant analyses of Caranx caballus stocks, from Guerrero (Acapulco Bay, Marquelia, Puerto Vicente and Zihuatanejo), and Oaxaca (Zapotalito) Mexico. The symbols represent each one of the fish examined in each location. Centroid = mean group.
Figure 2 in Factors linked to temporal and spatial variation in the metazoan parasite communities of green jack Caranx caballus (Günther 1868) (Pisces: Carangidae) from the Pacific coast of Mexico
Figure 2. Scatter plot of principal component analysis (PCA) of factors that influence the species richness and diversity of the parasite infracommunities at Caranx caballus, from Mexican Pacific coast. Predictor variables: Size = host body size, Tcomponent = total number of component parasites, Rcomponent = species richness of component parasites, Feeding = variety of host diet, Year = sampling year, Location = sampling site. Dependent variables (infracommunity parameters): Load = total number of parasites per infracommunity, Diversity = Brillouin diversity index values, Richness = number of parasite species per infracommunity. Equitability = evenness of the parasite abundances.
Figure 1 in Factors linked to temporal and spatial variation in the metazoan parasite communities of green jack Caranx caballus (Günther 1868) (Pisces: Carangidae) from the Pacific coast of Mexico
Figure 1. Similarity percentages (Bray–Curtis index) for parasite communities of Caranx caballus between locations and sampling years.
Figure 1 in Temporal variation and structure of macro-epifauna associated with macrophytes in the Bizerte lagoon (Tunisia, SW Mediterranean Sea)
Figure 1. Map of the Bizerte lagoon area showing the location of the sampling station (Menzel Jemil).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.