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Datasheet of Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Toxicity Evaluation of 1,3 bis(p-Hydroxyphenyl)urea
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inflammation is a normal protective response caused by an injury or tissue damage, through physical trauma, damaging chemicals, or invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. One of the modified p-aminophenol compounds is 1,3 bis (p-Hydroxyphenyl) urea, which was estimated to have more potent analgesic activity and fewer hepatotoxic side effects than paracetamol. When the lipophilicity of this compound increases between 1.8 to 4.4, it is observed to serve as an an- ti-inflammatory agent. Therefore, the determination of safety precaution is very necessary while testing for the toxicity effect of 1,3 bis (p-Hydroxyphenyl) urea. This is due to the effectiveness and safety of suitable drugs.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>An anti-inflammatory test was carried out by measuring the per-centage of inflammation in rats, after the administration of 1,3 bis (p-Hydroxyphenyl) urea was previously induced by the carrageenan solution intraplantar and the analy- sis of neutrophil values through a plethysmometer and Hematoxylin-Eosin method. Also, an acute toxicity test was performed by administering this p-aminophenol com- pound to female rats for 24 h and observed for 14 days. In addition, a subchronic toxicity test was conducted on male and female rats for 28 days, with continuous observations carried out for 42 days.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong>The doses of 1,3 bis (p-Hydroxyphenyl) urea at 50, 100, and 200 mg/Kg BW, had anti-inflammatory activity compared to diclofenac sodium at 2.25 mg/Kg BW. Also, there is no toxicity and animal death symp-toms were observed in the acute and subchronic tests.</p> <p><strong>Conlclusion:</strong>This p-aminophenol compound had an anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low toxicity.</p>
Mechanistic study on direct and indirect thyroid toxicity in male Wistar rats - Serum Metabolomics
<p>The present oral toxicity study in male Wistar rats is focusing on direct and indirect thyroid<br> toxicity. Biomaterials from this study were used to generate transcriptomics, proteomics,<br> and metabolomics data sets. Featuring a time- and concentration-resolved design<br> including recovery after treatment, this study allows investigating adaptive versus adverse<br> effects in several dimensions.<br> Two well-described test chemicals, i.e., Phenytoin and Propylthiouracil, were administered<br> at each two dose levels to male Wistar rats for 2 (Subset A) and 4 weeks via the diet<br> (Subset B). In addition, a recovery period of 2 weeks without test substance application was<br> included, in order to monitor reversibility of the induced effects (Subset C).<br> During the course of the study, blood samples were taken for metabolome analyses.</p>
Author list of Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Toxicity Evaluation of 1,3-bis(p-Hydroxyphenyl)urea
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inflammation is a normal protective response caused by an injury or tissue damage, through physical trauma, damaging chemicals, or invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. One of the modified <em>p</em>-aminophenol compounds is 1,3-bis(<em>p</em>-hydroxyphenyl)urea, which was estimated to have more potent analgesic activity and fewer hepatotoxic side effects than paracetamol. When the lipophilicity of this compound increases between 1.8 to 4.4, it is observed to serve as an anti-inflammatory agent. Therefore, the determination of safety precaution is very necessary while testing for the toxicity effect of 1,3-bis(<em>p</em>-hydroxyphenyl)urea. This is due to the effectiveness and safety of suitable drugs.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>An anti-inflammatory test was carried out by measuring the percentage of inflammation in rats, after the administration of 1,3-bis(<em>p</em>-hydroxyphenyl)urea was previously induced by the carrageenan solution intraplantar and the analysis of neutrophil values through a plethysmometer and Hematoxylin-Eosin method. Also, an acute toxicity test was performed by administering this p-aminophenol compound to female rats for 24 h and observed for 14 days. In addition, a subchronic toxicity test was conducted on male and female rats for 28 days, with continuous observations carried out for 42 days.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>The doses of 1,3-bis(<em>p</em>-hydroxyphenyl)urea at 50, 100, and 200 mg/Kg BW, had anti-inflammatory activity compared to diclofenac sodium at 2.25 mg/Kg BW. Also, there is no toxicity and animal death symptoms were observed in the acute and subchronic tests.</p> <p><strong>Conlclusion: </strong>This 1,3-bis(<em>p</em>-hydroxyphenyl)urea compound had an anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low toxicity.</p>
Low toxicity crop fungicide (Fenbuconazole) impacts reproductive male quality signals leading to a reduction of mating success in a wild solitary bee
<p>Recent reports on bee health suggest that sub-lethal doses of pesticides have negative effects on wild bee reproduction and ultimately on their population growth.</p> <p>Females of the solitary horned mason bee, Osmia cornuta, evaluate thoracic vibrations and odours of males to assess male quality. When certain criteria are met, the female accepts the male and copulates. However, these signals were found to be modified by sub-lethal doses of pesticides in other hymenopterans. Here, we tested whether sub-lethal doses of a commonly used fungicide (Fenbuconazole) impact male quality signals and mating success in O. cornuta.</p> <p>Males exposed to Fenbuconazole exhibited reduced thoracic vibrations and an altered cuticular hydrocarbon profile compared to the control bees. Moreover, males exposed to the fungicide were less successful in mating than control males.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: Our results indicate that a low toxicity fungicide can negatively affect male reproductive success by altering behavioural and chemical cues. This could explain the decreasing pollinator populations in a pesticide-polluted environment. This study highlights the need for a more comprehensive approach, including behaviour and chemical cues, when testing new pesticides and a more cautionary approach to the pesticides already used on crops.</p>
Differential expression analysis to aluminum toxicity in Citrus x limonia Osbeck
<p>Here we deliver the Differential gene expression on genes response to aluminum toxicity in <em>Citrus</em> x<em> limonia. </em>Root apices of ‘Mandarin’ lime plants grown for 60 days in nutrient solutions either with 1480 mM Al<sup>3+</sup> or 0 mM Al<sup>3+</sup> were analyzed by RNA-seq.</p> <p>Clean reads were mapped to the sweet orange (<em>Citrus sinensis</em>) genome (Xu et al. 2013). Gene expression levels were calculated by CPM (Counts per million) reads. We used HTSeq ver. 0.6.1 (Anders et al. 2015) CPM estimation. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) here reported by NOIseq ver. 2.16.0 (Tarazona et al. 2016). </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Results:</strong></p> <p><br> Number of differentially expressed (DE) features (Probability > 0.7): 3,351</p> <p>Up-regulated (M > 0): 1,664<br> Down-regulated (M < 0): 1,687</p> <p>All software were run on OmicsBox interface.</p> <p><strong>References:</strong></p> <p>Anders S., Pyl PT. and Huber W. (2015). HTSeq--a Python framework to work with high-throughput sequencing data. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 31(2), 166-9.</p> <p>OmicsBox - Bioinformatics made easy. BioBam Bioinformatics (Version 2.0.36). March 3, 2019. www.biobam.com/omicsbox.</p> <p>Tarazona S., Furio-Tari P., Turra D., Pietro AD., Nueda MJ., Ferrer A. and Conesa A. (2015). Data quality aware analysis of differential expression in RNA-seq with NOISeq R/Bioc package. Nucleic acids research, 43(21), e140.</p> <p>Xu Q, Chen L-L, Ruan X, et al (2013) The draft genome of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). Nat Genet 45:59–66.</p> <p> </p> <p>Legend: </p> <p>Regulation - UP or DOWN = differentially expressed genes, UPregulated or DOWNregulated</p> <p>Citrus_40_Al_2 - Normalized CPM for root apexes under 1480 mM Al<sup>3+</sup> </p> <p>Citrus_0_Al_1 - Normalized CPM for root apexes under 0 mM Al<sup>3+</sup></p>
Effect of different feeding substrates on the production of in-sect-derived frass fertilizers for effective alleviation of ammonium (NH4+) toxicity - Raw Data and Supplementary Materials
<p>Raw data and Supplementary Materials for the submitted Article Titled: "Effect of different feeding substrates on the production of in-sect-derived frass fertilizers for effective alleviation of ammonium (NH4+) toxicity". Submitted to Agronomy-Basel MDPI. </p>
The evolution of conspicuousness in frogs: when to signal toxicity?
<p><span>Many organisms use conspicuous color patterns to advertise their toxicity or unpalatability, a strategy known as aposematism. Despite the recognized benefits of this anti</span><span>predator tactic, not all chemically defended species exhibit warning coloration. Here, we use a comparative approach to investigate which factors predict the evolution of conspicuousness in frogs, a group in which conspicuous coloration and toxicity have evolved multiple times. We extracted color information from dorsal and ventral photos of 594 frog species for which chemical defense information was available. Our results show that chemically defended and diurnal species have higher internal chromatic contrast, both ventrally and dorsally, than chemically undefended and/or nocturnal species. Among species that are chemically defended, conspicuous coloration is more likely to occur if species are diurnal. Our results also suggest that the evolution of conspicuous color is more likely to occur in chemically defended prey with smaller body size. We discuss potential explanations for this association and suggest that prey profitability (related to body size) could be an important force driving the macroevolution of warning signals.</span></p>
Population genomics of a predatory mammal reveals patterns of decline and impacts of exposure to toxic toads
<p>Mammal declines across northern Australia are one of the major biodiversity loss events occurring globally. There has been no regional assessment of the implications of these species declines for genomic diversity. To address this, we conducted a species-wide assessment of genomic diversity in the northern quoll (<em>Dasyurus hallucatus</em>), an Endangered marsupial carnivore. We used next-generation sequencing methods to genotype 10,191 SNPs in 352 individuals from across a 3220 km length of the continent, investigating patterns of population genomic structure and diversity, and identifying loci showing signals of putative selection. We found strong heterogeneity in the distribution of genomic diversity across the continent, characterised by (1) biogeographic barriers driving hierarchical population structure through long-term isolation, and (2) severe reductions in diversity resulting from population declines, exacerbated by the spread of introduced toxic cane toads (<em>Rhinella marina</em>). These results warn of a large ongoing loss of genomic diversity and associated adaptive capacity as mammals decline across northern Australia. Encouragingly, populations of the northern quoll established on toad-free islands by translocations appear to have maintained most of the initial genomic diversity after 16 years. By mapping patterns of genomic diversity within and among populations, and investigating these patterns in the context of population declines, we can provide conservation managers with data critical to informed decision-making. This includes the identification of populations that are candidates for genetic management, the importance of remnant island and insurance/translocated populations for the conservation of genetic diversity, and the characterisation of putative evolutionarily significant units.</p>
Toxic Dacia Pubg
YOUTUBE 4911 SACHIN GAMING Mobile-3D MODEL | PRISMA3D Blender FBX+OBJ+prisma FREE DOWNLOAD[](http://)https://youtu.be/sYOBCTLQbOE Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Raw data for the manuscript: Multigenerational toxicity of microplastics derived from two types of agricultural mulching films to Folsomia candida
<p>Survival and reproduction data from multigenerational single species tests involving two types of plastic materials.</p>
Data from: Salinity decline promotes growth and harmful blooms of a toxic alga by diverting carbon flow
<p>Global climate change intensifies the water cycle and makes freshest waters become fresher and vice‑versa. But how this change impacts phytoplankton in coastal, particularly harmful algal blooms (HABs), remains poorly understood. Here, we monitored a coastal bay for a decade and found a significant correlation between salinity decline and the increase of <em>Karenia mikimotoi</em> blooms. To examine the physiological linkage between salinity decreases and <em>K. mikimotoi</em> blooms, we compare chemical, physiological and multi-omic profiles of this species in laboratory cultures under high (33) and low (25) salinities. Under low salinity, photosynthetic efficiency and capacity as well as growth rate and cellular protein content were significantly higher than that under high salinity. More strikingly, the omics data show that low salinity activated the glyoxylate shunt to bypass the decarboxylation reaction in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, hence redirecting carbon from CO<sub>2</sub> release to biosynthesis. Furthermore, the enhanced glyoxylate cycle could promote hydrogen peroxide metabolism, consistent with the detected decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS). These findings suggest that salinity declines can reprogram metabolism to enhance cell proliferation, thus promoting bloom formation in HAB species like <em>K. mikimotoi</em>, which has important ecological implications for future climate-driven salinity declines in the coastal ocean with respect to HAB outbreaks.</p>
Multipurpose fluorescent nanocarriers: environmental behavior, toxicity and internalization on marine microalgae
<p>The present dataset contains environmental behavior data (DLS - dynamic light scattering; zeta potential), UV-vis and fluorescence (emission) data and ecotoxicological data, in particular, growth inhibition effects of umbelliferone (UMB), silica mesoporous nanocapsules (SiNC) and silica mesoporous nanocapsules loaded with umbelliferone (SiNC-UMB) towards five marine phytoplanctonic species (<em><span>Tetraselmis chuii</span></em><span>, </span><em><span>Nannochloropsis gaditana,</span></em><em><span> Isochrysis galbana,</span></em><span> </span><em><span>Phaeodactylum tricornutum, </span></em><span>and </span><em><span>Chaetoceros calcitrans</span></em>). </p>
Taste aversion training can educate free-ranging crocodiles against toxic invaders
<p>Apex predators play critical ecological roles, making their conservation a high priority. In tropical Australia, some populations of freshwater crocodiles (<em>Crocodylus johnstoni</em>) have plummeted by >70% due to lethal ingestion of toxic invasive cane toads (<em>Rhinella marina</em>). Laboratory-based research has identified conditioned taste aversion (CTA) as a way to discourage consumption of toads. To translate those ideas into landscape-scale management, we deployed 2,395 baits (toad carcasses with toxin removed and containing a nausea-inducing chemical) across four gorge systems in north-western Australia and monitored bait uptake with remote cameras. Crocodile abundance was quantified with surveys. Free-ranging crocodiles rapidly learned to avoid toad baits but continued to consume control (chicken) baits. Toad invasion at our sites was followed by high rates of crocodile mortality (especially for small individuals) at a control site but not at nearby treatment sites. In areas with high connectivity to other waterbodies, repeated baiting over successive years had continuing positive impacts on crocodile survival. In summary, we succeeded in buffering the often-catastrophic impact of invasive cane toads on apex predators.</p>
Fig 1 in Sub-lethal toxic effect of cadmium chloride (CdCl ) on freshwater murrel Channa punctata (BLOCH)
Fig 1: Channa punctata
Strong toxic gas detection on Penta-BCP monolayers: insights from DFT calculations
<p>Rapid and accurate detection of toxic gases remains important for industrial safety and environmental well-being. This study examines the potential of <em>penta</em>-BCP monolayer as a high-performance toxic gas sensor utilizing the robust framework of density functional theory (DFT). <em>Penta</em>-BCP exhibits strong and selective interactions with specific toxic gas molecules, including CO, NO, and NO<sub>2</sub>. This results in the remarkable ability to readily capture these harmful gases while demonstrating minimal interaction with non-toxic counterparts such as H<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, and CH<sub>4</sub>, underlining its exceptional selectivity. Furthermore, <em>penta</em>-BCP has a significantly shorter recovery time for NO and NO<sub>2</sub> gases compared to <em>penta</em>-BCN, which has a similar structure. These findings collectively position <em>penta</em>-BCP as a frontrunner for the next generation of toxic gas sensors, paving the way for enhanced environmental monitoring and improved public health protection.</p>
Fig 1 in Toxicity of cryoprotectants on Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1837) (curimba) embryos in an experimental incubator (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae)
Fig 1. Representative image of the experimental incubators.
Bacterial communities and toxicity of rotting fish carcases on sandy beaches
<p>Bacterial communities and toxicity of rotting fish carcases on sandy beaches</p>
Machine learning pipeline to train toxicity prediction model of FunTox-Networks
<p>Machine Learning pipeline used to provide toxicity prediction in FunTox-Networks</p> <p>01_DATA # preprocessing and filtering of raw activity data from ChEMBL<br> - Chembl_v25 # latest activity assay data set from ChEMBL (retrieved Nov 2019)<br> - filt_stats.R # Filtering and preparation of raw data<br> - Filtered # output data sets from filt_stats.R<br> - toxicity_direction.csv # table of toxicity measurements and their proportionality to toxicity</p> <p>02_MolDesc # Calculation of molecular descriptors for all compounds within the filtered ChEMBL data set<br> - datastore # files with all compounds and their calculated molecular descriptors based on SMILES<br> - scripts<br> - calc_molDesc.py # calculates for all compounds based on their smiles the molecular descriptors<br> - chemopy-1.1 # used python package for descriptor calculation as decsribed in: https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btt105</p> <p>03_Averages # Calculation of moving averages for levels and organisms as required for calculation of Z-scores<br> - datastore # output files with statistics calculated by make_Z.R<br> - scripts<br> -make_Z.R # script to calculate statistics to calculate Z-scores as used by the regression models<br> <br> 04_ZScores # Calculation of Z-scores and preparation of table to fit regression models<br> - datastore # Z-normalized activity data and molecular descriptors in the form as used for fitting regression models<br> - scripts<br> -calc_Ztable.py # based on activity data, molecular descriptors and Z-statistics, the learning data is calculated</p> <p>05_Regression # Performing regression. Preparation of data by removing of outliers based on a linear regression model. Learning of random forest regression models. Validation of learning process by cross validation and tuning of hyperparameters.</p> <p>- datastore # storage of all random forest regression models and average level of Z output value per level and organism (zexp_*.tsv)<br> - scripts<br> - data_preperation.R # set up of regression data set, removal of outliers and optional removal of fields and descriptors<br> - Rforest_CV.R # analysis of machine learning by cross validation, importance of regression variables and tuning of hyperparameters (number of trees, split of variables)<br> - Rforest.R # based on analysis of Rforest_CV.R learning of final models</p> <p>rregrs_output<br> # early analysis of regression model performance with the package RRegrs as described in: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13321-015-0094-2</p>
Fig. 1 in Chemical control of leaf-cutting ants: how do workers disperse toxic bait fragments onto fungus garden?
Fig. 1. Variograms columns: control, sulfluramid and indoxacarb.
Fig. 2 in Toxicity for control of Frankliniella schultzei and Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) of several common synthetic insecticides
Fig. 2. Adult Selenothrips rubrocinctus.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.