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3,105 results for “vegetation”
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Watershed 4 Vegetation Inventory
Twenty-five meter strips were cut progressively on a 2 year cycle on Watershed 4 at HBEF from 1970-1974 for moderate impact on the terrain. 25 x 25 meter vegetation plots were established post cutting and have been measured regularly for estimates and timing of herbaceous plant and tree succession. Ten years into regrowth there was no noticeable difference between the age of the strips and vegetation cover. By year 40 successional pin cherry died off and northern hardwoods returned as the dominant trees with yellow birch playing a particularly prominent role due to the abundance of seeds provided by remaining adults along cut strips. This dataset contains a table of tree measurements and a table of sapling measurements. These vegetation measurements continue at approximately 10 year intervals. Details about this study and data collection can be found in: Martin, C. Wayne; Hornbeck James W. 1989. Revegetation after strip cutting and block clearcutting in northern hardwoods: a 10-year history. Res. Pap. NE-625. Broomall, PA: US. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 17 p. https://doi.org/10.2737/NE-RP-625 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
CDRRC growing season aridity and grazing season vegetation biomass data
Growing season aridity and livestock grazing seasonality can influence biomass production of perennial grasses in dryland systems. For this study, we used a long-term dataset (1967-2004) to investigate the independent and joint effects of growing season aridity (De Martonne aridity index calculated for the months of June through September) and grazing season (yearlong continuous, fall, winter/spring, or summer season grazing) on the mean annual biomass (kg per hectare) of the perennial grasses Bouteloua eriopoda (black grama), Aristida spp. (threeawn), and Sporobolus spp. (dropseed) in a southwestern United States Chihuahuan Desert rangeland system. Biomass data were collected from 78 permanent sampling transects that were within one mile (1609.34 m) distance to water. Over the 37-year study period, total perennial grass biomass decreased as growing season aridity increased, but the extent of this relationship depended upon season of grazing and specific grass taxon. Aridity-related decreases in total perennial grass biomass were most severe in the summer and fall summer seasonal grazing pastures, primarily due to inherently low black grama levels. Our findings indicate that over time, summer and fall grazing can potentially exacerbate the negative effects of increasing aridity on perennial grass biomass.
Percent cover of vegetation measured by the line-intercept method at multiple locations on long-term ecosystem transects (including nitrogen fertilization treatments) at Jornada Basin LTER, 1982-2014
This data package contains data on the average percent cover of plant species on three permanent LTER-I transects at the Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center (CDRRC) in southern New Mexico. Prior to becoming a livestock exclosure, the study site was moderately to heavily grazed for the past 100 years. The purpose of this study was to document the vegetation changes associated with the addition of nitrogen fertilizer following nearly a century of grazing. Three permanent, parallel transects (2.7 km in length) run from the middle of the College Playa up to the foot of Mt. Summerford. The Treatment transect was treated annually with ammonium nitrate fertilizer (NH4NO3 at 10g N/m2/yr) until 1987. Along each transect, 91 stations, each with a plant intercept line, are spaced at 30 meter intervals. Each plant intercept line is perpendicular to a 2.7 km transect and is 30 meters in length broken into 5 meter segments. The included dataset gives calculated average percent cover of each plant species for each of these plant intercept lines on all three LTER-I permanent transects (91 lines each). Measurements were made biannually from 1982 - 1988. After this, they are measured every 5 years. Data consists of the date, week number, transect, station number, JRN species code, USDA Plants code, species binomial, photosynthetic pathway, habit, form, and average percent cover. This study is ongoing.
Quadrat-based monitoring of desert grassland vegetation at the Jornada Experimental Range, New Mexico, 1915-2016
The data set covers a 101-year period (1915-2016) of quadrat-based plant sampling at the Jornada Experimental Range in southern New Mexico. At each sampling event, a pantograph was used to record the location and perimeter of living plants within permanent quadrats. Basal area was recorded for perennial grass species, canopy cover area was recorded for shrub species, and all other perennial species were recorded as point data. The data set includes 122 1m by 1m permanent quadrats, although not all quadrats were sampled in each year of the study and there is a gap in monitoring from 1980-1995. These data provide a unique opportunity to investigate changes in the plant community over 100 years of variation in precipitation and other environmental conditions. We provide the following data and data formats: (1) the digitized maps in shapefile format; (2) data table containing coordinates (x,y) of perennial species within quadrats, including cover area for grasses and shrubs; (3) data table of counts of annual plant individuals per quadrat; (4) species list indicating growth form and habit of recorded species; (5) table of dates when each quadrat was sampled; (6) table of the pasture each quadrat was located within (note that pasture boundaries have changed over time). Additional data to help characterize plant-scale factors related to vegetation dynamics at the quadrat locations are: (7) data table of depth to caliche layer; (8) data table of soil particle size analysis and sand fractionation; and (9) data table of local and patch topography. This data package was created to support a specific data paper. Data are also available in data packages knb-lter-jrn.210351001, knb-lter-jrn.210351002, and knb-lter-jrn.210351003. Pantograph sampling is currently conducted at 5 year intervals by USDA-ARS staff, and new data will be added to those data packages periodically.
CBS05 Estimates of vegetation structure and composition collected on Konza Prairie watersheds and on the nearby Rannell’s Preserve
Data set includes estimates of vegetation structure and composition collected during ~monthly sampling events on Konza Prairie watersheds and on the nearby Rannell’s Preserve. Vegetation data were collected from three (prior to 2017) or 10 randomly-selected locations on each watershed; two from outside the 10-ha plot (see project abstract) and one inside the plot. We sampled vegetation on each watershed once a month, during May, June, and July. Additional vegetation data were collected from bird nest sites within ~3 days of nests failing. We used 5 sets of Daubenmire frame measures to determine percent cover of major plant functional groups (at the center of the plot and 5 m from center at the 4 cardinal directions). We estimated visual obstruction by placing a Robel Pole in the middle, and 5 m from the middle of the plot in each of the 4 cardinal directions. For each pole placement, we stood 4 m away with eye 1 m above the ground in each of 4 directions, and counting the highest 5-cm segment not completely obscured by vegetation. At nests, we also estimated the slope and aspect in the center of each plot.
RIV07 Seeding rates woody removal of a tallgrass prairie stream and riparian zone after a decade of woody vegetation removal
In fall of 2010 in watershed N2B ( 39.088976°, -96.588599°), we established plant community plots to assess the potential ability of the riparian zone to shift to a grassland state based on cutting alone and cutting with replanting. The three treatments were 1) naturally open riparian grassland before the removal, 2) areas cleared of woody vegetation, and 3) areas cleared of woody vegetation and seeded with prairie plant species. The addition of the seeded treatment was designed to address if recovery of grassland vegetation is hindered by propagule limitation. The seeded and non-seeded removal plots were adjacent to each other and randomly assigned. In each community type, there were four plots, each of which was 10 m parallel along and 3 m perpendicular to the stream channel. Each plot had four plant composition transects along which we sampled four one m2 subplots along each transect. Vegetative cover of vascular plant species was determined using a modified Daubenmire scale (Gibson and Hulbert 1987).
WPE01 Assessing the value added of NEON for using machine learning to quantify vegetation mosaics and woody plant encroachment at Konza Prairie
Woody encroachment, or invasion of woody plants, is rapidly shifting tallgrass prairie into shrub and evergreen dominated ecosystems, mainly due to exclusion of fire. Tracking the pace and extent of woody encroachment is difficult because shrubs and small trees are much smaller than the coarse resolution (>10m2) of common remote sensed images. However, the US government has been investing in finer resolution (<2m2) remote sensing through USDA NAIP and the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), both of which cost multi-million dollars each year and contain different remote sensed products. We compared two methods of classification (random forests and support vector machines) with these two freely available remotely sensed aerial images to determine if and how much NEON adds to classification accuracy and determine which method of machine learning was more accurate. All models have very high overall classification accuracy (>91%), with the NEON image a few percent more accurate than NAIP. The NEON image significantly relies on canopy height (LiDAR) to make classifications, but the importance of bands is more evenly distributed during NAIP classification. Lastly, accuracy for Eastern Red Cedar specifically is high with NEON (78-84%), compared to the relatively low classification accuracy using NAIP imagery (55-61%).
ASS01 Suspended sediments in streams impacted by prescribed buring, grazing and woody vegetation removal at Konza Prairie
To determine effects of rotational burning and riparian vegetation removal on suspended solid concentrations in streams. Two sites are burned with a frequency of 2 (N02B) and 4 (N04D) years and grazed by bison. In 2011, N02B will have woody riparian vegetation removed along the entire stream length. The Shane Creek site (SHAN) is currently ungrazed and burned most years. In 2011 the treatment will be switched to grazing and burning of 1/3 of the watershed every year. The data include before and during-treatment sampling for both experiments.
PWV01 Cover of woody vegetation at Konza Prairie
This data set relates effects of soil, grazing intensity and burning treatments on the establishment and subsequent expansion of woody plants in prairie communities. The locations of woody vegetation are marked on a mylar overlay of an aerial photograph of the area being surveyed with an unique symbol for each species and a number for the size. For trees, size is the height to the nearest meter. For shrubs, the number of stems is recorded as a measure of size if the number is less than 25. For large patches of shrubs, the diameter is recorded and the shape of the patch is drawn on the overlay. Two forms of the data are archived. One of them is the actual mylar sheets. The other form is an electronic ascii data that is stored in the subdirectory woody on the lter Novell server. Files are named according to the name of the watershed and year the data was collected (e.g. 004b86.one = first data file for 004b in 1986). For 1986, the files also exist as coverages in PC ARC/INFO files.
PWV02 Importance values of gallery forest vegetation at Konza Prairie, 1983
Eighteen gallery forest stands, representing nearly all of the nondisturbed forests on Konza Prairie, were sampled during the 1983 growing season. The point-quarter method at 20 sample points was used to sample overstory vegetation. Species names and diameter were recorded for the four sampled trees in each plot. From these data frequency, density and dominance were calculated to derive importance values for each species in a stand.
El Verde Coffee Plantation permanent plot vegetation sampling
Permanent plot data is expected to show (1) rapid increases in percent cover and tree stem density, and (2) rapid turnover from early to late successional plant species. Plant-plant competition indices should show quick increases in intensity with exotics as top competitors which may lead to exclusion of some trees common after landslide and pasture disturbance. Spatial patterns of invading trees should include edge effects due to dispersal limitation with clumping of bird-dispersed species before the first five years. Because of increased nitrogen levels due to plantings of Inga Sp. with coffee, trees should grow, as measured by biomass (productivity), height and basal diameter increases, significantly faster compared to landslide. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Ecuador old fields permanent plot vegetation sampling
Permanent plot data is expected to show these temporal patterns: (1) rapid increases in percent cover and tree stem density, and (2) rapid turnover from early to late successional plant species. Plant-plant competition should show quick increases in intensity with native grass species and exotics as top competitors. These may lead to exclusion of some trees common after landslide disturbance. Spatial patterns of invading trees should include edge effects due to dispersal limitation with clumping of bird-dispersed species before the first five years after cow exclusion. Because of intact soil and low vegetation trees should grow, as measured by biomass(productivity), height, and basal diameter increases, significantly faster compared to colonization of landslides. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Landslide Removal Experiment vegetation cover and pole touches
The purpose of this data set is to document recovery of vegetation in removal plots in landslides in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF.) Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Long-Term Elevation Plots (LTEP) (Altitudinal transects vegetation data along three rivers in the Luquillo Experimental Forest)
The composition of plant communities changes with elevation in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF). The goal of this project is to document the patterns of these changes, and in particular, to determine whether the distributions of individual species are independent of one another, or whether they are related, in either a congruent or a hierarchical manner. Thirty-two permanent vegetation plots, each 50m by 20m are being established in the LEF, with 5 plots along the Icacos river, 11 along the Mamayes river and 16 along the Sonadora stream. The plots were established at every 100m in elevation, starting at 200m above sea level. All woody, free-standing stems greater than 1cm dbh were marked, identified and mapped into 5x5 subquadrats. We anticipated that gradient analysis will show whether the distributions of species are coincident or independent, enabling us to evaluate whether separate, genuine plant communities exist in the LEF. Because the plots are permanent, we also expected that they allow us to better evaluate how different vegetation types, at different elevations, respond to large scale disturbances, especially hurricanes. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Revegetation of landslides, vegetation <0.1m (Small landslide plots at the Luquillo Experimental Forest)
The purpose of this study is to document the recovery of vegetation on new landslides in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, in particular seedlings less then 1m tall. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Revegetation of landslides, vegetation > 1.0m (Large landslide plots at the Luquillo Experimental Forest)
Here we use permanent plot data sampled from 16 landslide to documents temporal successional pathways in landslide patches (without the use of a chronosequence, cf. Guariguata 1990) and address the following questions: (1) What are the successional pathways of landslide and what species define them? How much pathway variation of individual plots is there within these landslides? (2) How similar are pathways among landslide? Is there any evidence that, with time, landslides either converge to a common vegetative enpoint or slow in the rate of successional change? The purpose of this study is to document the recovery of vegetation on new landslides in the Luquillo Experimental Forest. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Riparian and upland understory vegetation lifeforms and leaf-litterfall ordination analyses in the Luquillo Forest Dynamics Plot
Riparian areas are proportionally a small component of the forested landscape, they are significant contributors to ecosystem process, terrestrial and aquatic linkages, plant community composition, as well to basal energy resources for aquatic fauna. We describe vegetation and leaf-litterfall composition in relation to past land use in riparian and upland locations in tropical wet forest, Luquillo Forest Dynamics Plot (LFDP), Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. Data collected from 2003 to 2005. Stratified sampling was conducted in riparian and upland areas of LFDP with high and low past land use. Understory vegetation life-form composition were sampled in plots. \<para\> Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.\</para\>
Vegetation profile and canopy height of Tabonuco, Colorado and Cloud Forests
The overall height and the presence of vegetation in different height intervals above ground is recorded above points on a 5 x 5 m grid in three hectare-sized plots in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. One plots each is in tabonuco forest (350 m elevation), colorado forest (650 m) and cloud forest (1000 m). The first records were made shortly before Hurricane Hugo, in 1989. Post hurricane measurements have been made five time to six time in each plot, the most recent been in 1998 for all plots. The results show the damage to forest structure wreaked by Hurricane Hugo, steady recovery of forest structure after Hugo, minor damage by Hurricane Hortense in 1996, and resumption of recovery after Hortense. Maximum canopy height and the vertical distribution of vegetation in the forests are returning to pre-hurricane Hugo values. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Tropical green roofs vegetation dynamics data
The data archive is here: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2021-0024 please use this DOI when citing this dataset. This publication contains data collected in 2017 from three green roofs at the International Institute of Tropical Forestry in San Juan, Puerto Rico and one green roof at the Social Sciences Faculty of the University of Puerto Rico in Río Piedras. Data from these extensive green roofs include substrate depth as well as species counts within a sampled quadrant, as well as species identification information. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Bisley 40 X 40 grid vegetation and site characteristics
Relationships between landforms, soil nutrients, forest structure, and the relative importance of different disturbances were quantified in two subtropical wet steepland watersheds in Pueno Rico. Ridges had fewer landslides and treefall gaps, more above-ground biomass, older aged stands, and greater species richness than other landscape positions. Ridge soils had relatively low quantities of exchangeable bases but high soil organic matter, acidity and exchangeable iron. Valley sites had higher frequencies of disturbance, less biomass, younger aged stands, lower species richness and soils with more exchangeable bases. Soil N, P, and K were distributed relatively independently of geomorphic setting, but were significantly related to the composition and age of vegetation. On a watershed basis, hurricanes were the dominant natural disturbance in the turnover of individuals, biomass, and forest canopy. However. turnover by the mortality of individuals that die without creating canopy openings was faster than the turnover by any natural disturbance. Only in riparian areas was forest turnover by treefall gaps faster than turnover by hurricanes. The same downslope mass transfer that links soil forming processes across the landscape also influences the distribution of landslides, treefall gaps, and the structure and composition of the forest. One consequence of these interactions is that the greatest aboveground biomass occurs on ridges where the soil nutrient pools are the smallest. Geomorphic stability, edaphic conditions, and biotic adaptations apparently override the importance of spatial variations in soil nutrients in the accumulation of above-ground biomass at this site. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. A
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