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403 results for “wasp parasite”
Evolution of an insect immune barrier through horizontal gene transfer mediated by a parasitic wasp
<p>Numerical data that underlies tables and graphs (figures 1-7, 9, 10; table 1) and statistics of the PLOS Genetics article from Di Lelio et al., 2019.</p>
Data from: Early life nutritional quality effects on adult memory retention in a parasitic wasp
Nutritional quality during early life can affect learning ability and memory retention of animals. Here we studied the effect of resource quality gained during larval development on the learning ability and memory retention of 2 sympatric strains of similar genetic background of the parasitoid Trichogramma brassicae: one uninfected and one infected by Wolbachia. Wolbachia is a common arthropod parasite/mutualistic symbiont with a range of known effects on host fitness. Here we studied, for the first time, the interaction between resource quality and Wolbachia infection on memory retention and resource acquisition. Memory retention of uninfected wasps was significantly longer when reared on high quality hosts when compared to low quality hosts. Furthermore, uninfected wasps emerging from high quality hosts showed higher values of protein and triglyceride than those emerging from low quality hosts. In contrast, the memory retention for infected wasps was the same irrespective of host quality, although retention was significantly lower than uninfected wasps. No significant effect of host quality on capital resource amount of infected wasps was observed, and infected wasps displayed a lower amount of protein and triglyceride than uninfected wasps when reared on high quality hosts. This study suggests that the nutritional quality of the embryonic period can affect memory retention of adult wasps not infected by Wolbachia. However, by manipulating the host's obtained capital resource amount, Wolbachia could enable exploitation of the maximum available resources from a range of hosts to acquire suitable performance in complex environments.
Data from: Stiffness gradients facilitate ovipositor bending and spatial probing control in a parasitic wasp
Many parasitic wasps use slender and steerable ovipositors to lay eggs in hosts hidden in substrates, but it is currently unknown how steering is achieved. The ovipositors generally consist of three longitudinally connected elements, one dorsal and two ventral valves that can slide along each other. For the parasitic wasp Diachasmimorpha longicaudata, it has been shown that protraction of the ventral valves causes incurving of the ventral valves towards the dorsal one, which results in a change in probing direction. We hypothesize that this shape change is due to differences in bending stiffness along the ovipositor. Alignment of the stiff tip of the dorsal valve with a more flexible ventral S-shaped region situated just behind the tip straightens this S-bend and results in upwards rotation of the ventral tip. We show that the S-shaped region of the ventral valves has a low bending stiffness because it contains soft materials such as resilin. In contrast, the large cross-sectional area of the dorsal valve tip area probably results in a high bending stiffness. Elsewhere, the dorsal valve is less stiff than the ventral valves. Our results support the hypothesis that the interaction between the stiff dorsal valve portion and the more flexible S-shaped region co-determines the configurational tip changes required for steering the ovipositor in any desired direction along curved paths in the substrate. This provides novel insights in the understanding of steering mechanisms of the hymenopteran ovipositor, and for application in man-made probes.
Data from: Convergent reversion to single mating in a wasp social parasite
While eusociality arose in species with single-mating females, multiple mating by queens has evolved repeatedly across the social ants, bees, and wasps. Understanding the benefits and costs of multiple mating of queens is important because polyandry results in reduced relatedness between siblings, reducing kin-selected benefits of helping while also selecting for secondary social traits that reduce intracolony conflict. The leading hypothesis for the benefits of polyandry in social insects emphasizes advantages of a genetically diverse workforce. Workerless social parasite species (inquilines) provide a unique opportunity to test this hypothesis, since they are derived from social ancestors but do not produce workers of their own. Such parasites are thus predicted to evolve single mating because they would experience the costs of multiple mating but not the benefits if such benefits accrue through the production of a genetically diverse group of workers. Here we show that the workerless social parasite Dolichovespula arctica, a derived parasite of wasps, has reverted to obligate single mating from a facultatively polyandrous ancestor, mirroring a similar reversion from obligate polyandry to approximate monandry in a social parasite of fungus-farming ants. This finding and a comparison with two other cases where inquilinism did not induce reversal to monandry support the hypothesis that facultative polyandry can be costly and may be maintained by benefits of a genetically diverse workforce.
Data from: Using social parasitism to test reproductive skew models in a primitively eusocial wasp
Remarkable variation exists in the distribution of reproduction (skew) among members of cooperatively breeding groups, both within and between species. Reproductive skew theory has provided an important framework for understanding this variation. In the primitively eusocial Hymenoptera, two models have been routinely tested: concessions models, which assume complete control of reproduction by a dominant individual, and tug-of-war models, which assume on-going competition among group members over reproduction. Current data provide little support for either model, but uncertainty about the ability of individuals to detect genetic relatedness and difficulties in identifying traits conferring competitive ability mean that the relative importance of concessions versus tug-of-war remains unresolved. Here, we suggest that the use of social parasitism to generate meaningful variation in key social variables represents a valuable opportunity to explore the mechanisms underpinning reproductive skew within the social Hymenoptera. We present a direct test of concessions and tug-of-war models in the paper wasp Polistes dominulus by exploiting pronounced changes in relatedness and power structures that occur following replacement of the dominant by a congeneric social parasite. Comparisons of skew in parasitized and unparasitized colonies are consistent with a tug-of-war over reproduction within P. dominulus groups, but provide no evidence for reproductive concessions.
Data from: Incongruence between morphological data sets: an example from the evolution of endoparasitism among parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Phylogenetic analyses of molecular and morphological data sets for a group of parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) give strikingly different results. The molecular data indicate that the major life history transition from ectoparasitism to endoparasitism has occurred independently several times within the family while the morphological data indicate a single origin. Similar incongruent topologies are obtained if the morphological data are partitioned by either of two methods: distinguishing (1) characters of the larval stage and female reproductive system, or (2) characters selected individually by the authors prior to the analysis as likely to be mechanistically associated with endo/ectoparasitism. This result is supported by significant differences in tests of incongruence, and we propose that it is caused by convergence among morphological characters resulting from a shared life history strategy.
FIGURE 11 in New Agrilus Curtis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from México and Costa Rica mimicking parasitic wasps
FIGURE 11. Atanycolus sp. on log, Madden Forest, Panamá Province, Panamá; photograph by author.
Supplementary material 2 from: Burks RA, Masner L, Johnson NF, Austin AD (2016) Systematics of the parasitic wasp genus Oxyscelio Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae s.l.), part III: African fauna. ZooKeys 565: 29-71. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.565.7185
Locality records used in the present paper. : Explanation note: File format: DarwinCore Archive.
Supplementary material 1 from: Burks RA, Masner L, Johnson NF, Austin AD (2016) Systematics of the parasitic wasp genus Oxyscelio Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae s.l.), part III: African fauna. ZooKeys 565: 29-71. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.565.7185
Taxonomic records used in the present paper. : Explanation note: File format: DarwinCore Archive.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Sand wasp (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) parasites emerging from mud wasp nests (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) - a reliable host record of Thraxan Yeates & Lambkin (Diptera: Bombyliidae: Anthracinae) with description of the pupal exuviae of three Thraxan species.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Sand wasp (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) parasites emerging from mud wasp nests (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) - a reliable host record of Thraxan Yeates & Lambkin (Diptera: Bombyliidae: Anthracinae) with description of the pupal exuviae of three Thraxan species". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/799c80c8-c7dc-44fa-83c3-f43c62fe1e1e">https://bionomia.net/dataset/799c80c8-c7dc-44fa-83c3-f43c62fe1e1e</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/799c80c8-c7dc-44fa-83c3-f43c62fe1e1e">https://gbif.org/dataset/799c80c8-c7dc-44fa-83c3-f43c62fe1e1e</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Figures 88–96. Ninth female abdominal tergum, ventral view. 88 in Phylogeny and classification of the Orussidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera), a basal parasitic wasp taxon
Figures 88–96. Ninth female abdominal tergum, ventral view. 88. Orussonia depressa Riek; 89. Orussella dentifrons (Philippi); 90. Orussobaius minutus Benson; 91. Pseudoryssus henschii (Mocsáry); 92. Orussus occidentalis Cresson; 93. Chalinus braunsi (Enslin); 94. Guiglia sericata (Mocsáry); 95. Kulcania mexicana (Cresson); 96. Ophrynon levigatus Middlekauff. Not to scale.
Figure 5 in Phylogeny of the genera of the parasitic wasps subfamily Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) based on morphological evidence
Figure 5. External morphological features in the Doryctinae. A–D, Hind coxa; E, hind coxa, trochanter, trochantellus and femur; F, fore femur; G, fore femur, tibia and basitarsus; H, I, J, hind tibia. A, J, Bracodoryctes tergalis Belokobylskij & Quicke; B, I, Sonanus senzuensis Belokobylskij & Konishi; C, Priosphys denticulata Enderlein; D, Liodoryctes australiensis (Szépligeti); E, F, Termitospathius sumatranus Belokobylskij; G, Ceylonspathius nixoni Belokobylskij; Rhoptrocentrus cleopatrae Belokobylskij.
Figure 1 in Phylogeny of the genera of the parasitic wasps subfamily Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) based on morphological evidence
Figure 1. External morphological features in the Doryctinae. A–C, head, dorsal view; D–F, head, frontal view; G–N, basal and apical segments of antenna (dorsal and lateral views). A, Rhoptrocentrus cleopatrae Belokobylskij; B, M, N, Sonanus senzuensis Belokobylskij & Konishi; C, Bracodoryctes tergalis Belokobylskij & Quicke; D, Doryctes germanicus Belokobylskij; E, Stephanospathius ornatipes (Kieffer); F, Schlettereriella rufithorax (Szépligeti); G, Platyspathius hospitus Belokobylskij & Ku; H, J, Synspilus nitidus Belokobylskij & Quicke; I, K, Binarea spinicollis Brullé; L, Ecphylus brevitergum Belokobylskij.
Figures 381-386 from: Burks R, Masner L, Johnson N, Austin A (2013) Systematics of the parasitic wasp genus Oxyscelio Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae s.l.), part II: the Australian and southwest Pacific fauna. ZooKeys 331: 1-266. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.331.5152
Figures 381-386 - Oxyscelio uncinorum sp. n., paratype female (OSUC 462590) 381 Head and mesosoma, lateral view 382 Head and mesosoma, dorsal view 383 Head, anterior view 384 Metasoma, dorsal view. Paratype male (OSUC 359611) 385 Antenna 386 Metasoma, dorsal view. Morphbank100
Figures 397-402 from: Burks R, Masner L, Johnson N, Austin A (2013) Systematics of the parasitic wasp genus Oxyscelio Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae s.l.), part II: the Australian and southwest Pacific fauna. ZooKeys 331: 1-266. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.331.5152
Figures 397-402 - Oxyscelio verrucae sp. n., paratype female (OSUC 438819) 397 Head and mesosoma, lateral view 398 Head and mesosoma, dorsal view 399 Head, anterior view 400 Metasoma, dorsal view. Paratype male (OSUC 438825) 401 Antenna 402 Metasoma, dorsal view. Morphbank103
Figures 365-368 from: Burks R, Masner L, Johnson N, Austin A (2013) Systematics of the parasitic wasp genus Oxyscelio Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae s.l.), part II: the Australian and southwest Pacific fauna. ZooKeys 331: 1-266. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.331.5152
Figures 365-368 - Oxyscelio truncationis sp. n., holotype female (OSUC 429933) 365 Head and mesosoma, lateral view 366 Head and mesosoma, dorsal view 367 Head, anterior view 368 Metasoma, dorsal view. Morphbank97
Figures 359-364 from: Burks R, Masner L, Johnson N, Austin A (2013) Systematics of the parasitic wasp genus Oxyscelio Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae s.l.), part II: the Australian and southwest Pacific fauna. ZooKeys 331: 1-266. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.331.5152
Figures 359-364 - Oxyscelio tenuitatis sp. n., paratype female (OSUC 438285) 359 Head and mesosoma, lateral view. Holotype female (OSUC 438303) 360 Head and mesosoma, dorsal view 361 Head, anterior view 362 Metasoma, dorsal view. Paratype male (OSUC 438340) 363 Antenna 364 Metasoma, dorsal view. Morphbank96
Figures 33-36 from: Burks R, Masner L, Johnson N, Austin A (2013) Systematics of the parasitic wasp genus Oxyscelio Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae s.l.), part II: the Australian and southwest Pacific fauna. ZooKeys 331: 1-266. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.331.5152
Figures 33-36 - Oxyscelio caudarum sp. n., holotype female (OSUC 437874) 33 Head and mesosoma, lateral view 34 Head and mesosoma, dorsal view 35 Head, anterior view 36 Metasoma, dorsal view. Morphbank33
Figures 351-354 from: Burks R, Masner L, Johnson N, Austin A (2013) Systematics of the parasitic wasp genus Oxyscelio Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae s.l.), part II: the Australian and southwest Pacific fauna. ZooKeys 331: 1-266. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.331.5152
Figures 351-354 - Oxyscelio stipulae sp. n., holotype female (OSUC 439590) 351 Head and mesosoma, lateral view 352 Head and mesosoma, dorsal view 353 Head, anterior view 354 Metasoma, dorsal view. Morphbank94
Figures 347-350 from: Burks R, Masner L, Johnson N, Austin A (2013) Systematics of the parasitic wasp genus Oxyscelio Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae s.l.), part II: the Australian and southwest Pacific fauna. ZooKeys 331: 1-266. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.331.5152
Figures 347-350 - Oxyscelio spatulae sp. n., holotype female (OSUC 368914) 347 Head and mesosoma, lateral view 348 Head and mesosoma, dorsal view 349 Head, anterior view 350 Metasoma, dorsal view. Morphbank93
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