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hsp90 alignment in Description of three widespread new Peronospora species parasitising Caryophyllales
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RPS10 alignment in Description of three widespread new Peronospora species parasitising Caryophyllales
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Fig. 8 in Integrated evidence sheds light on the taxonomy of the widespread Tantilla melanocephala species complex (Serpentes: Colubridae) and indicates the existence of a new species from southern South America
Fig. 8 Overview of South American Tantilla species. a T. selmae; b T. boipiranga; c T. melanocephala, Surinam pattern (above), Brazilian Cerrado pattern (middle), and transAndean pattern (bellow); d T. capistrata; e T. petersi. Illustrations by Lucas Kias
Fig. 4 in Integrated evidence sheds light on the taxonomy of the widespread Tantilla melanocephala species complex (Serpentes: Colubridae) and indicates the existence of a new species from southern South America
Fig. 4 Boxplots for selected variables based on the dataset D1, demonstrating the morphological differences among OTUs of the Tantilla melanocephala complex. Number of ventral scales in (a) females and (b) males; number of subcaudal scales in (c) females and (d) males. The thin (red) horizontal line within the box indicates the mean; the thick (black) horizontal line within the box indicates the median; the open circles are data points
Fig. 5 in Integrated evidence sheds light on the taxonomy of the widespread Tantilla melanocephala species complex (Serpentes: Colubridae) and indicates the existence of a new species from southern South America
Fig. 5 Specimens of Tantilla melanocephala complex from Brazil. a T. aff. melanocephala 1 from Bagé, RS, Brazil, IBSP 91713; b T. boipiranga from Morro do Pilar, MG, Brazil, IBSP 79060; c T. cf. melanocephala from Atibaia, SP, Brazil, IBSP 19376; d T. cf. melanocephala from Palmas, TO, Brazil, IBSP 65185; e T. cf. melanocephala from Aquidauana, MS, Brazil, IBSP 26757; f T. melanocephala from Belém, PA, Brazil, IBSP 15047
Fig. 7 in Integrated evidence sheds light on the taxonomy of the widespread Tantilla melanocephala species complex (Serpentes: Colubridae) and indicates the existence of a new species from southern South America
Fig. 7 Holotype of Tantilla selmae (IBSP 92724). Head views on the (a) dorsal, (b) right lateral, (c) left lateral, and (d) ventral. Body views on the (e) dorsal and (f) ventral. Horizontal scale bar: 2 mm. Vertical scale bar: 10 mm
FIGURE 11. Cynoglossum wallichii G. Don. Different growth habits. A Plant with single stem branching from below with long inflorescences and elliptical leaves. B Smaller plant branching from the base with ovate leaves. C in A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species
FIGURE 11. Cynoglossum wallichii G. Don. Different growth habits. A Plant with single stem branching from below with long inflorescences and elliptical leaves. B Smaller plant branching from the base with ovate leaves. C Specimen with single stem, terminal and young, still more or less congested inflorescence and very narrow leaves (A M. Weigend 9169; B. Miyamoto et al. 20210115; C Lowndes 1-082).
FIGURE 10 in A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species
FIGURE 10. Cynoglossum microglochin Royle ex Bentham. Part of inflorescences branch with the typical large and petiolate leaves and large flowers (O. Polunin 56/248).
FIGURE 9. Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forssk. A–C in A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species
FIGURE 9. Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forssk. A–C Typical habit with lanceolate leaves and minute flowers and fruits and densely branching inflorescences (A, C M. Weigend 9198; B L.H.J. Williams 1049).
FIGURE 8 in A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species
FIGURE 8. Cynoglossum furcatum Wall. ex Roxb. A two different inflorescence branches from secondary growth, showing the sessile cauline leaves. B Petiolate rosette leaf from first year and sessile, cauline leaf from basal part of inflorescence. FALSCHE AUFLÖSUNG von C. D typical "furcate", ebracteose inflorescence in early fruit (A. Gröger et al. 226-1).
FIGURE 7. Cynoglossum amabile Stapf & J.R. Drumm. A in A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species
FIGURE 7. Cynoglossum amabile Stapf & J.R. Drumm. A, inflorescence with typical sessile, ovate cauline leaves and large flowers. B infructescence. C indistinctly petiolate rosette leaf and sessile stem leaf, D young plant with typical petiolate leaves and tap-root (M. Weigend 9115).
FIGURE 6. Cynoglossum wallichii G in A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species
FIGURE 6. Cynoglossum wallichii G. Don. Fruit development and variability in details of fruit morphology within a single inflorescence (M. Weigend 9169).
FIGURE 4 in A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species
FIGURE 4. Variability of fruit morphological detail types of nutlets and glochidia of Cynoglossum wallichii: A–C nutlet with disc glochidia on central keel and marginal ones forming a distinct wing (M. Weigend 9169). D–F nutlet with long and short disc glochidia and marginal ones forming a narrow wing (Stainton et al. 6483). G–I nutlet with only few disc glochidia and marginal ones with thickened base (R.E. Cooper 955). J–L nutlet with only less glochidia in centre and marginal ones confluent forming a prominent wing (M. Suzuki et al. 9160070). M–O nutlet with few glochidia in centre and marginal ones with thickened base (M. Minaki et al. 9105152).
FIGURE 5 in A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species
FIGURE 5. Flowers and indument of Cynoglossum: A, B flowers of C. amabile (M. Weigend 9115). C–E flower of C. furcatum with prominent faucal scales and imbricated corolla surface (A. Gröger et al. 226-1). F–H flower of C. wallichii with prominent faucal scales (M. Weigend 9169). I–J stem indument of C. wallichii with half-spreading hair (M. Weigend 9169).
FIGURE 3 in A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species
FIGURE 3. Fruits, nutlets and glochidia of Cynoglossum: A–C densely glochidiate nutlet of C. amabile with marginal glochidia slightly confluent forming a crest (M. Weigend 9115). D–F densely glochidiate nutlets of C. furcatum with disc glochidia in regular formation (A. Gröger et al. 226-1) G–I glochidiate nutlet of C. lanceolatum with slender and long glochidia (M. Weigend 9198). J–L less glochidiate nutlet of C. nervosum with marginal glochidia confluent and forming an erect "wing" (J.F. Duthie 5803).
FIGURE 2 in A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species
FIGURE 2. Abaxial leaf indument of Cynoglossum (leaf apex to the left): A, B densely pubescent leaf surface of C. amabile with denser hair cover on veins (F. Ludlow et al. 4658). C, D densely pubescent leaf surface of C. furcatum with appressed hair cover, orientated towards leaf base (A. Gröger et al. 226-1). E, F densely pubescent leaf surface of C. lanceolatum with denser hair cover on leaf veins (L.H.J. Williams 1049). G, H densely pubescent leaf surface of C. microglochin with denser hair cover on leaf veins (J.F. Duthie 5803). I, J sparsely pubescent leaf surface of C. wallichii with multi-cellular hair bases and spreading hair (Botanische Gärten Bonn).
FIGURE 1 in A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species
FIGURE 1. Adaxial leaf indument of Cynoglossum (leaf apex to the left): A, B C. amabile, smooth trichomes with unicellular, bulbous bases (F. Ludlow et al. 4658). C, D C. furcatum, scabrid trichomes with multicellular bases (A. Gröger et al. 226-1). E, F C. lanceolatum, trichomes with multicellular bases (L.H.J. Williams 1049). G, H C. microglochin, sparse, appressed indument, trichomes with multicellular bases (J.F. Duthie 5803). I, J C. wallichii, sparsely pubescent leaf surface, trichomes spreading, with multi-cellular hair bases (M. Weigend 9169).
FIGURE 1 in Combining morphology and population genetic analysis uncover species delimitation in the widespread African tree genus Santiria (Burseraceae)
FIGURE 1. Genetic clusters (GC) detected in Santiria samples from western Central Africa. Bayesian clustering analyses were performed on 479 individuals genotyped at 10 microsatellites loci. A. Variation in means of Ln (likelihood) of the data as a function of the number of hypothetical genetic clusters (K), showing a plateau at K=3. B. Histogram of genetic assignment of the 481 individuals at K = 3. C. Distribution of the three genetic clusters in western Central Africa, and delimitation of the distribution of each genetic cluster (dotted line: GC1, solid line: GC2, dashed line: GC3). We extended the distribution ranges of GC2 and GC3 because morphotypes of both genetic clusters were observed in the south of the Republic of the Congo. Note: Interm. GCx and GCy = intermediate individuals between GCx and GCy.
FIGURE 2 in Combining morphology and population genetic analysis uncover species delimitation in the widespread African tree genus Santiria (Burseraceae)
FIGURE 2. Extended Principal Component Analysis (the Hill-Smith ordination) of quantitative and qualitative traits assessed in 103 Santiria herbarium samples assigned to GC1 (N = 46, open circles), GC2 (N = 21, stars) and GC3 (N = 36, open triangles). Note: NL = number of leaflets per leaf; LL = length of leaves; LP = length of petiole; WP = width of petiole; LP/WP = ratio between LP and WP; TPeL = terminal petiolule length; TLL = terminal leaflet length; TLW = terminal leaflet width; TLL/TLW = ratio between TLL and TLW; TLWe = terminal leaflet weight dry portion; AL = apex length; GD = glandular dots; Le = lenticels.
Data from: Widespread gene flow between oceans in a pelagic seabird species complex
Global-scale gene flow is an important concern in conservation biology as it has the potential to either increase or decrease genetic diversity in species and populations. Although many studies focus on the gene flow between different populations of a single species, the potential for gene flow and introgression between species is understudied, particularly in seabirds. The only well-studied example of a mixed-species, hybridizing population of petrels exists on Round Island, in the Indian Ocean. Previous research assumed that Round Island represents a point of secondary contact between Atlantic (Pterodroma arminjoniana) and Pacific species (Pterodroma neglecta and Pterodroma heraldica). This study uses microsatellite genotyping and tracking data to address the possibility of between-species hybridization occurring outside the Indian Ocean. Dispersal and gene flow spanning three oceans were demonstrated between the species in this complex. Analysis of migration rates estimated using bayesass revealed unidirectional movement of petrels from the Atlantic and Pacific into the Indian Ocean. Conversely, structure analysis revealed gene flow between species of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, with potential three-way hybrids occurring outside the Indian Ocean. Additionally, geolocation tracking of Round Island petrels revealed two individuals travelling to the Atlantic and Pacific. These results suggest that interspecific hybrids in Pterodroma petrels are more common than was previously assumed. This study is the first of its kind to investigate gene flow between populations of closely related Procellariiform species on a global scale, demonstrating the need for consideration of widespread migration and hybridization in the conservation of threatened seabirds.
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