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Figures 5–8 in Review of Grosphus Simon 1880 with description of Teruelius gen n a new buthid genus from Madagascar (Scorpiones Buthidae)

Figures 5–8. Teruelius limbatus. Type species of Teruelius gen. n. Habitus. Male (5–6) and female (7–8), dorsal (5, 7) and ventral (6, 8) views. Scale bars: 10 mm.

Figures 28–29 in Review of Grosphus Simon 1880 with description of Teruelius gen n a new buthid genus from Madagascar (Scorpiones Buthidae)

Figures 28–29. Variation in pectinal tooth count (PTC) in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Horizontal histograms comparing PTC in males (28), and females (29) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Error bars indicate ranges (minimum, maximum), bars mid-range values.

Figures 52–70 in Review of Grosphus Simon 1880 with description of Teruelius gen n a new buthid genus from Madagascar (Scorpiones Buthidae)

Figures 52–70. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (and/ or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores unless indicated as mirrored left images. Figure 52. G. madagascariensis, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm). Figure 53. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 54. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Anjiro, G. halleuxi nr topotype, GLPC. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 55. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Mandena- Fort Dauphin, G. mandena paratype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 56. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Madagascar, det. Vachon, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 57. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 58. G. goudoti, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 59. G. goudoti, capsule, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 60. G. hirtus, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm), Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 61. G. hirtus, capsule, Mahajamba River, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figures 62–65. G. hirtus, capsules in convex view. Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP (62), Jardin Botanique, MHNG (63), Ranohira-Llakaka, ZMUH, mirrored left (64), Forêt de Vohitaly, MHNG (65). Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 66. G. hirtus, capsule, Forest Station Ampijoroa, G. garciai holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 67. G. voahangyae, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 68. G. voahangyae, capsule, Analamy Forest, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 69. N. griveaudi, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 70. N. griveaudi, capsule, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP.

Figures 30–35 in Review of Grosphus Simon 1880 with description of Teruelius gen n a new buthid genus from Madagascar (Scorpiones Buthidae)

Figures 30–35. Variation in pectinal tooth count (PTC) in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Figures 30–31. Logarithmic scatter plots showing scaling of PTC vs. carapace length in males (30), and females (31) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Color lines are least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for the different genera. Figures 32–33. Logarithmic scatter plots showing scaling of PTC vs. carapace length in Figs. 30–31 superposed upon overall scaling trends for a larger sample of male (32) and female (33) buthids including both α and β trichobothrial configurations (gray symbols; 1055♂, 1046♀). Dark lines: least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for larger sample of buthids. Figures 34–35. Logarithmic scatter plots showing scaling of PTC vs. carapace length in Figs. 30–31 superposed upon overall scaling trends for a larger sample of male (34) and female (35) α-buthids restricted to α trichobothrial configurations (gray symbols; 445♂, 371♀). Dark lines: least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for α-buthids. Numbers: slopes of regression lines (= allometric exponents). Purple symbols and lines: outgroup Pseudolychas.

Figures 114–116 in Review of Grosphus Simon 1880 with description of Teruelius gen n a new buthid genus from Madagascar (Scorpiones Buthidae)

Figures 114–116. Biometrics of spiracles of sternite IV in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Logarithmic scatter plots showing sexual dimorphism of spiracle area/ (carapace length)2 (114), spiracle width/ carapace length (115), and spiracle length/ width (116) in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Plotted points are means, error bars SE. Ratios are larger in males if points fall above the diagonal (gray) line, larger in females if they fall below it.

Figures 94–105 in Review of Grosphus Simon 1880 with description of Teruelius gen n a new buthid genus from Madagascar (Scorpiones Buthidae)

Figures 94–105. Spiracles on sternite IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Spiracle on right side of sternite IV in adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), shown under UV fluorescence. G. madagascariensis (94 from Anjiro, 95 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (96), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (97), G. voahangyae (98), T. ankarafantsika (99), T. ankarana (100), T. flavopiceus (101), T. grandidieri (102), T. limbatus (103), T. mahafaliensis (104), and T. olgae (105). Scale bars: 200 μm (96–98), 400 μm (94–95, 99, 103–105) or 1 mm (100–102).

Fig. 9 in A review of Bittacidae (Mecoptera) in Guizhou, China with descriptions of three new species

Fig. 9. Right wings of Bittacus multisetus sp. nov., ♀, paratype (NWAU). Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bar = 2.0 mm.

Fig. 8 in A review of Bittacidae (Mecoptera) in Guizhou, China with descriptions of three new species

Fig. 8. Bittacus multisetus sp. nov., ♀, paratype (NWAU). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Head in frontal view. C. Thorax in dorsal view. D. Tibia with two apical tibial spurs of left foreleg. E. Tarsomeres IV, V and claw of left foreleg. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A = 5.0 mm; B = 0.2 mm; C–D = 0.5 mm; E = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 7 in A review of Bittacidae (Mecoptera) in Guizhou, China with descriptions of three new species

Fig. 7. Bittacus leigongshanicus sp. nov. A, C. ♂, holotype (NWAU). B, D. ♀, paratype (NWAU). A–B. Terminalia in lateral view. C–D. Terminalia in ventral view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm; B–D = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 6 in A review of Bittacidae (Mecoptera) in Guizhou, China with descriptions of three new species

Fig. 6. Right wings of Bittacus leigongshanicus sp. nov., ♀, paratype (NWAU). Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bar = 2.0 mm.

Fig. 3 in A review of Bittacidae (Mecoptera) in Guizhou, China with descriptions of three new species

Fig. 3. Right wings of Bittacus dilobus sp. nov., ♂, holotype (NWAU). Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bar = 2.0 mm.

Fig. 2 in A review of Bittacidae (Mecoptera) in Guizhou, China with descriptions of three new species

Fig. 2. Bittacus dilobus sp. nov., ♂, holotype (NWAU). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Head in frontal view. C. Thorax in dorsal view. D. Tibia with two apical tibial spurs of left foreleg. E. Tarsomeres IV, V and claw of left foreleg. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A = 5.0 mm; B–C, E = 0.5 mm; D = 1.0 mm.

Fig. 4 in A review of Bittacidae (Mecoptera) in Guizhou, China with descriptions of three new species

Fig. 4. Bittacus dilobus sp. nov. A–C. ♂, holotype (NWAU). A. Terminalia in lateral view. B. Terminalia in dorsal view. C. Terminalia in ventral view. D–E. ♀, paratype (NWAU). D. Terminalia in lateral view. E. Terminalia in dorsal view. F. Terminalia in ventral view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A–C = 0.5 mm; D–F = 0.2 mm.

Figs 19–22. 19–20 in Review of the genera Elaphinis and Parelaphinis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) with description of three new species from South Africa

Figs 19–22. 19–20 – males of Elaphinis (E.) matatiele sp. nov. (19) and of E. (E.) cinereonebulosa (De Geer, 1778) (20) in their respective natural habitats at Matatiele and Willowmore. 21–22 – typical habitat of E. matatiele sp. nov. in the grassland of Mount Hargreaves, above the Eastern Cape town of Matatiele (21) and of E. cinereonebulosa in the highland grasslands of the Winterberge range of the Eastern Cape. Photographs: Lynette Clennell.

Figs 53–61 in Review of the genera Elaphinis and Parelaphinis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) with description of three new species from South Africa

Figs 53–61. Parelaphinis moesta (Gory & Percheron, 1833). 53–60 – male; 61 – female. 53, 61 – dorsal habitus; 54 – ventral habitus; 55 – lateral habitus; 56 – clypeus; 57 – pygidium; 58 – parameres, dorsal view; 59 – parameres, lateral view; 60 – parameres, frontal view. Photographs: Lynette Clennell (53–60), Gerhard Beinhundner (61).

Fig. 23 in Review of the genera Elaphinis and Parelaphinis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) with description of three new species from South Africa

Fig. 23. Known distribution of Elaphinis (E.) cinereonebulosa (De Geer, 1778) and E. (E.) matatiele sp. nov. within South Africa, as well as outline of Wahlberg's ʻCaffrariaʼ (black dotted frame) with position of estimated type locality of E. (M.) pumila Boheman, 1857 (map adapted from www.wikimedia.org).

Figs 1–9 in Review of the genera Elaphinis and Parelaphinis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) with description of three new species from South Africa

Figs 1–9. Elaphinis (E.) matatiele sp. nov. 1–8 – holotype male; 9 – female. 1, 9 – dorsal habitus; 2 – ventral habitus; 3 – lateral habitus; 4 – clypeus; 5 – pygidium; 6 – parameres, dorsal view; 7 – parameres, lateral view; 8 – parameres, frontal view. Photographs: Lynette Clennell.

Fig. 66 in Review of the genera Elaphinis and Parelaphinis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) with description of three new species from South Africa

Fig. 66. Known distribution of Parelaphinis moesta (Gory & Percheron, 1833), P. drakensbergica sp. nov. and P. umtamvuna sp. nov. within southern Africa (map adapted from www.wikimedia.org); grey dot indicates doubtful record of P. moesta from Gauteng, as discussed in text.

Figs 10–18 in Review of the genera Elaphinis and Parelaphinis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) with description of three new species from South Africa

Figs 10–18. Elaphinis (E.) cinereonebulosa (De Geer, 1778). 10–17 – typical male; 18 – female. 10, 18 – dorsal habitus; 11 – ventral habitus; 12 – lateral habitus; 13 – clypeus; 14 – pygidium; 15 – parameres, dorsal view; 16 – parameres, lateral view; 17 – parameres, frontal view. Photographs: Lynette Clennell (10–17); Gerhard Beinhundner (18).

Figs 35–42 in Review of the genera Elaphinis and Parelaphinis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) with description of three new species from South Africa

Figs 35–42. Parelaphinis drakensbergica sp. nov. (holotype male). 35 – dorsal habitus; 36 – ventral habitus; 37 – lateral habitus; 38 – clypeus; 39 – pygidium; 40 – parameres, dorsal view; 41 – parameres, lateral view; 42 – parameres, frontal view. Photographs: Lynette Clennell.