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Fig. 6 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 6. Leptostrophiid brachiopods from the Kuldiga Formation of the Porkuni Regional Stage, Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician), East Baltic, western Latvia A–E, G) and southwestern Estonia (F). A. Eostropheodonta hirnantensis (M`Coy, 1851), Taagepera, depth 413.9 m, moulds of ventral valves, GIT 542-337/1 A1) and GIT 542-337/2 (A2), exterior views. B, E. Eostropheodonta cf. parvicostellata Rong, 1984. B. Shell, GIT 542-381, Vilcini-19, 906.4 m, exterior view of dorsal valve (B1) and view on interarea (B2). E. Mould of dorsal valve, LDM G328-12, Priekule-33, 1395.6 m, exterior view. C, D, F, G. Coolinia sp. C. Mould of ventral valve, LDM G328-26, Dižrungi-17, 984.5 m, exterior view. D. Ventral valve, LDM G328-26, Dizrungi-17, 984.5 m, exterior view. F. Fragment of dorsal valve, GIT 542-364, Ruhnu-500, depth 612.9 m, view of cardinalia (F1) and exterior view (F2). G. Incomplete ventral valve, GIT 542 48-2, Stirnas-18, 899.0 m, interior view. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 11 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 11. Dalmanellid brachiopods from the Kuldiga Formation of the Porkuni Regional Stage, Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician), East Baltic, western Latvia A–D, F–I) and southwestern Estonia (E). A, B, D, H, I. Onniella sp. A. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-66, Aispute-41, depth 1001.15 m, exterior view. B. Ventral valve, LDM 382-50, Dižrungi-17, 896.0 m, ventral view. D. Shell, GIT 542-471, Riekstini-15, 860.85, dorsal (D 1), ventral (D 2), and lateral (D 3) views. H. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-480, Krjukai, 968.6 m, dorsal exterior view. I. Shell, GIT 542-472, Kandava-26, 964.5 m, ventral (I 1) and dorsal (I 2) views. C, E, F. Draborthis cf. caelebs Marek and Havliček, 1967. C. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-392, Riekstini-15, 857.5, interior view. E. Dorsal valve, GIT 542- 67, Ruhnu-500, 914.0 m, exterior view. F. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-4393, Mežmali-16, 913.2 m, interior view. G. Drabovia sp., dorsal valve, GIT 542-473, Mežmali-16, 910.1 m, interior view. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 5 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 5. Leptostrophiid brachiopod Eostropheodonta hirnantensis (M`Coy, 1851) from the Kuldiga Formation of the Porkuni Regional Stage, Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician), East Baltic, western Latvia. A. Ventral valve, GIT 542-316, Riekstini-15, depth 850.3 m, ventral exterior view. B. Ventral valve, GIT 542-333, Riekstini-15, 854.0 m, fragment of valve with ornament (B 1) and exterior view (B 2). C. Juvenile specimen, GIT 542-319, Mežmali-16, 906.56 m, ventral exterior view. D. Ventral valve, GIT 542-385, Aispute-41, 1000.5 m, interior view. E. Bedding plane with numerous casts of valves, GIT 542- 360, Vilcini-19, 906.5 m.

Fig. 4 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 4. Strophomenoid brachiopods from the Kuldiga Formation of the Porkuni Regional Stage, Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician), East Baltic, western Latvia (A–F, H) and southwestern Estonia (G). A, B, F–H. Paromalomena polonica (Temple, 1965). A. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-299, Mežmali-16, depth 911.8 m, exterior view. B. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-352-1, Adze-6, 844.5 m, split into two parts: exterior view (B1) and impression (B2). F. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-377, Aispute-41, 884.4 m, exterior view. G. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-361, Ikla, 535.3 m, exterior view. H. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-355, Mežmali-16, 912.2 m, exterior view (H 1) and view of the chilidium (H2). C. Eostropheodonta cf. parvicostellata Rong, 1984. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-365, Aispute-41, depth 988.7 m, exterior view. D–E. Proboscisambon? sp. D. Mould of dorsal valve, GIT 542-53, Stirnas-18, depth 908.2 m, exterior view. E. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-322-1, exterior view; Riekstini-15, 858.6 m. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 2. A in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 2. A. The facies belts in the Baltic Basin and the study area. B. The location of drill core sections. C. Enlarged Jurkalne area. Black dots mark the locality of the drill core with brachiopods of the Hirnantia Fauna; empty dots indicate occurrences of the Hirnantia Fauna (from Paškevičius 1997, 2000). Drill cores: 1, Stirnas-18; 2, Pliekalni-14: 3, Dizrungi-17, 4, Vilcini-19; 5, Adze-6; 6, Dreimaņi-11; 7, Riekstini-15; 8, Mežmaļi-16; 9, Mežvagari-13, 10, Ēdole-60; 11, Anši. Distribution of the Hirnantian rocks: a, outer limit the the Porkuni Stage, including of the Saldus Formation on the NE areas; b, outer limit of the Saldus Formation in northern part of region; c, outer limits of the distribution area of the Kuldiga Formation.

Fig. 3 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 3. Leptaenin brachiopods from the Kuldiga Formation of the Porkuni Regional Stage, Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician), East Baltic, western Latvia A–D, F–G), southwestern Estonia (E). A, B, D, F, G. Leptaena (L.) rugosa (Dalman, 1828). A. Shell, LDM G 273-1, Ēdole-60 drill core, depth 840.7 m, ventral (A1) and ventro-lateral (A2) views. B. Shell, GIT G 542-2, Vilcini-15, 910.35 m (figured in Kaljo et al. 2008), ventral (B1) and posterior (B2) views. D. Shell, GIT 542-17, Stirnas-18, 908.6 m, dorsal exterior view. F. Shell, GIT 542-18, Stirnas-18, 909.4 m, ventral view. G. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-197, Sturi-8, 941.8 m, view of interior (G1) and cruralium (G2). C, E. Leptaena sp. C. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-189, Vilcini-15, 909.3 m, exterior view. E. Incomplete ventral valve, GIT 542-192, Ikla, 536.5 m, exterior view. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 3. Descriptive terminology used for the P1 in Taxonomy and evolution of the Triassic conodont Pseudofurnishius

Fig. 3. Descriptive terminology used for the P1 elements of Pseudofurnishius murcianus Van den Boogaard, 1966 (specimen illustrated also in Fig. 5B).

Fig. 2. P1 in Taxonomy and evolution of the Triassic conodont Pseudofurnishius

Fig. 2. P1 element of the Triassic gondolellid conodonts. A. Pseudofurnishius shagami (Benjamini and Chepstow-Lusty, 1986), holotype, BGU-YF 75/1. YF-75; Saharomin Formation, Har Gevanim, Makhtesh Ramon, late Ilyrian (from Benjamini and Chepstow-Lusty 1986). B. Pseudofurnishius priscus Sadeddin, 1990, holotype, DGES WII/9/90, TJ 17; Mukheiris Formation, Wadi Siyala, Jalda area, Pelsonian (from Sadeddin 1990). C. Pseudofurnishius siyalaensis Sadeddin and Kozur, 1992, holotype, DGES S3/1/88, TJ 17; Mukheiris Formation, Wadi Siyala, Jalda area, Pelsonian (from Sadeddin and Kozur 1992). D. Pseudofurnishius murcianus Van den Boogaard, 1966, MGUV-19891; Cañete Formation, Libros, Iberian Range, Longobardian. E. Pseudofurnishius sosioensis Gullo and Kozur, 1989, holotype, DGG CK/VIII-2, sample 638; Lercara Formation, Torrente San Calogero, Sosio Valley, Longobardian (from Gullo and Kozur 1989).

Fig. 1 in Taxonomy and evolution of the Triassic conodont Pseudofurnishius

Fig. 1. Paleogeographic distribution of Pseudofurnishius occurrences ranging from the Pelsonian to Early Carnian. Pseudofurnishius murcianus occurs in all localities; P. priscus, P. shagami, and P. siyalaensis occur in Israel and Jordan; P. sosioensis occurs in Sicily and South China. Modified from Plasencia (2009).

Fig. 8 in Taxonomy and evolution of the Triassic conodont Pseudofurnishius

Fig. 8. Evolutionary scenarios for the genus Pseudofurnishius after Sadeddin and Kozur (1992) (A) and present study (B).

Fig. 6 in Taxonomy and evolution of the Triassic conodont Pseudofurnishius

Fig. 6. Morphological variability of gondolellid conodont Pseudofurnishius murcianus Van den Boogaard, 1966 in a single population, sample Bu-1-26, Bugarra, Iberian Range, Spain. A. Number of the denticles on the blade. B. Ratio between rostral platform length and element length. C. Ratio between caudal platform length and element length. D. Ratio between elements having: rostral platform and no caudal denticles, rostral platform and isolated caudal denticles, both rostral and caudal platforms.

Fig. 4 in Taxonomy and evolution of the Triassic conodont Pseudofurnishius

Fig. 4. Comparison of the basal cavities of gondolellid conodonts Pseudofurnishius shagami (Benjamini and Chepstow-Lusty, 1986), Har Gevanim, Saharonim Formation, Negev, Israel, Anisian–Ladinian (A) and Pseudofurnishius murcianus Van den Boogaard, 1966, Arroyo Hurtado, Murcia, Spain, Ladinian (B).

Fig. 5 in Ordovician polychaeturid polychaetes: Taxonomy, distribution and palaeoecology

Fig. 5. Pattern of relative abundance (%) of polychaeturid polychaetes Pteropelta gladiata and Pteropelta huberti in the Laeva 18 drill core, central Estonia. The counts are based on a total of 572 posterior maxillae (MI), of which 147 belong to polychaeturids. Arrow heads indicate that the ranges continue beyond the interval shown.

Fig. 4 in Ordovician polychaeturid polychaetes: Taxonomy, distribution and palaeoecology

Fig. 4. Sketch map showing selected occurrences of four species of polychaeturid polychaete genus Pteropelta in the Baltic Region. Note that the localities may expose strata of different stratigraphical intervals. The boundary between shallow and deeper shelf facies is tentative; it has shifted in time due to basin infilling and sea level changes. Thus, for instance, the occurrence of P. gladiata in the Ruhnu and Valga drill cores does not infer its relation to deeper shelf settings. All localities are boreholes, unless stated otherwise. For more information about the localities see the on−line catalogue at http://sarv.gi.ee.

Fig. 3 in Ordovician polychaeturid polychaetes: Taxonomy, distribution and palaeoecology

Fig. 3. Stratigraphical distribution of polychaeturids in the Baltic region and also showing the tentative phylogenetic relationship between the different species. The stratigraphical chart is slightly modified from Nõlvak et al. (2006). Abbreviations: Dap., Dapingian; Flo., Floian; H., Hirnantian; Hun. & Bill., Hunneberg and Billingen; Reg., regional; Trem., Tremadocian.

Fig. 1 in Ordovician polychaeturid polychaetes: Taxonomy, distribution and palaeoecology

Fig. 1. Elements of jaw apparatuses of Ordovician polychaeturid polychaete Pteropelta gladiata Eisenack, 1939. A–I. Left MI, all in dorsal view. A. GIT 592−34, sample OM97−5, Väike−Pakri Cliff, Estonia, Kunda Stage, Darriwilian. B. GIT 592−35, sample OM97−20, Väike−Pakri Cliff, Estonia, Uhaku Stage, Darriwilian. C. GIT 592−36, sample OM03−51, Viru Mine, Estonia, Kukruse Stage, Sandbian. D. GIT 433−24, sample OM03−51, Viru Mine, Estonia, Kukruse Stage, Sandbian. E. GIT 592−37, sample OM97−116, Väike−Pakri Island, Estonia, Kukruse Stage, Sandbian. F. GIT 592−38, sample OM−205, Vaemla F−364 borehole, 140 m, Estonia, Keila Stage, Sandbian. G. GIT 592−39, sample M96−81, Orjaku borehole, 112.5 m, Estonia, Rakvere Stage, Katian. H. GIT 592−40, sample M96−1, Laeva 18 borehole, 187.45 m, Estonia, Pirgu Stage, Katian. I. LO 10476, sample 04E1−3, Stormyr−2 borehole, 213.65 m, Sweden, Pirgu Stage, Katian. J–Q. Right MI, all in dorsal view. J. GIT 433−25, sample OM03−51, Viru Mine, Estonia, Kukruse Stage, Sandbian, magnified (J1) and reduced to the same scale as O, to show size variation (J2). K. GIT 592−41, sample OM03−51, Viru Mine, Estonia, Kukruse Stage, Sandbian. L. GIT 592−42, sample OM−205, Vaemla F−364 borehole, 140 m, Estonia, Keila Stage, Sandbian. M. GIT 592−43, sample M96−49, Orjaku borehole, 47.62 m, Estonia, Pirgu Stage, Katian. N. GIT 592−44, sample M96−49, Orjaku borehole, 47.62 m, Estonia, Pirgu Stage, Katian. O. GIT 592−45, sample D−102/22, Lelle D−102 borehole, 141.42 m, Estonia, Pirgu Stage, Katian. P. GIT 592−46, sample D−102/49, Lelle D−102 borehole, 146.18 m, Estonia, Vormsi Stage, Katian. Q. LO 10477, sample 04E1−3, Stormyr−2 borehole, 213.65 m, Sweden, Pirgu Stage, Katian. R. Left MI, ventral view, GIT 592−47, sample OM97−5, Väike−Pakri Cliff, Estonia, Kunda Stage, Darriwilian. S. Left MI, left lateral view, GIT 592−48, sample M96−81, Orjaku borehole, 112.5 m, Estonia, Rakvere Stage, Katian. T. Right MI, right lateral view, GIT 592−49, sample M96−81, Orjaku borehole, 112.5 m, Estonia, Rakvere Stage, Katian. U. Apparatus, GIT 592−50, sample M−4711, Suhkrumägi outcrop, Estonia, Kunda Stage, Darriwilian. V. Apparatus, GIT 592−51, sample M−4430, Orjaku borehole, 135.6 m, Estonia, Keila Stage, Sandbian/Katian. W. Basal plate, GIT 592−52, sample M−4711, Suhkrumägi outcrop, Estonia, Kunda Stage, Darriwilian. X. Carriers, GIT 315−34, sample M96−77, Orjaku borehole, 63.8 m, Estonia, Pirgu Stage, Katian. Y. Carriers, GIT 592−53, sample M96−49, Orjaku borehole, 47.62 m, Estonia, Pirgu Stage, Katian. SEM micrographs, scale bars 100 µm.

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Fig. 5 in The castorid Steneofiber from NW Germany and its implications for the taxonomy of Miocene beavers

Fig. 5. Cheek teeth of the castorid Steneofiber depereti from the middle Miocene of Hambach 6C, northwestern Germany. DP4 in occlusal view: IPB−HaH 5166 (A); P4 in occlusal view: IPB−HaH 5088 (B), IPB−HaH 6374 (C), IPB−HaH 6376 (D), IPB−HaH 6380 (E); M1/2 in occlusal view: IPB−HaH 5102 (F), IPB−HaH 6377 (G), IPB−HaH 6383 (H), IPB−HaH 6384 (I), IPB−HaH 6385 (J), IPB−HaH 6401 (K); M3 in occlusal view: IPB−HaH 5101 (L), IPB−HaH 6390 (M), IPB−HaH 5165 (N); dp4 in occlusal view: IPB−HaH 6392 (O), IPB−HaH 6393 (P), IPB−HaH 6394 (Q); p4 in occlusal view: IPB−HaH 6396 (R), IPB−HaH 6397 (S), IPB−HaH 6440 (T); m1/2 in occlusal view: IPB−HaH 5043 (U); P4 in lingual view: IPB−HaH 6375 (V); M3 in labial view: IPB−HaH 5165 (W); dp4 in lingual view: IPB−HaH 6394 (X); p4 in labial view: IPB−HaH 6396 (Y), IPB−HaH 6440 (Z), IPB−HaH 6397 (AA); m1/2 in lingual view: IPB−HaH 5043 (AB).

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Fig. 2 in The castorid Steneofiber from NW Germany and its implications for the taxonomy of Miocene beavers

Fig. 2. Mandibles of the castorid Steneofiber depereti from the middle Miocene of Hambach 6C, northwestern Germany. A. IPB−HaH 6409 in lingual (A1) and labial (A2) views. B. IPB−HaH 5149 in labial (B1), lingual (B2), ventral (B3), and posterior (B4) views; B5, tooth row in occlusal view. C. IPB−HaH 5167, tooth row in occlusal view.

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Fig. 6 in The castorid Steneofiber from NW Germany and its implications for the taxonomy of Miocene beavers

Fig. 6. Occlusal pattern of upper cheek teeth of the castorid Steneofiber depereti from the middle Miocene of Hambach 6C, northwestern Germany. Deciduous tooth (A), premolars (B–G), molars (H–S); left DP4, IPB−HaH 5166 (A); right P4, IPB−HaH 6376 (B); left P4, IPB−HaH 6375 (C); left P4, IPB−HaH 6374 (D); left P4, IPB−HaH 6378 (E); left P4, IPB−HaH 5088 (F); left P4, IPB−HaH 6380 (G); left M1/2, IPB−HaH 6388 (H); left M1/2, IPB−HaH 6387 (I); right M1/2, IPB−HaH 6377 (J); left M1/2, IPB−HaH 6382 (K); right M1/2, IPB−HaH 5109 (L); right M1/2, IPB−HaH 5107 (M); right M1/2, IPB−HaH 6386 (N); left M1/2, IPB−HaH 6401 (O); right M3, IPB−HaH 6391 (P); left M3, IPB−HaH 6389 (Q); right M3, IPB−HaH 5101 (R); left M3, IPB−HaH 6390 (S).