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Fig. 1 in Sex-ratio and body size plasticity in two cold-adapted ground beetles co-occurring in a periglacial area of the European Alps (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Fig. 1 – Sampling plan: distribution of pitfall traps at the Lazaunkar site.
Data for: Effects of understory characteristics on browsing patterns of roe deer in central European mountain forests
<p><span>Selective browsing by deer on young trees may impede the management goal of increasing forest resilience against climate change and other disturbances. Deer population density is often considered the main driver of browsing impacts on young trees, however a range of other variables such as food availability also affect this relationship. In this study, we use browsing survey data from 135 research plots to explore patterns of roe deer (<em>Capreolus capreolus</em>) browsing pressure on woody plants in mountainous forests in central Europe. We fitted species-specific generalized linear mixed models for eight woody taxa, assessing potential effects of understory characteristics, roe deer abundance and lying deadwood on browsing intensity. Our study reveals conspecific and associational effects for woody taxa that are intermediately browsed by roe deer. Selective browsing pressure was mediated by preferences of plants, in that, browsing of strongly preferred woody taxa as for example mountain ash (<em>Sorbus aucuparia</em>) and of least preferred woody taxa e.g., Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em>) was not affected by the surrounding understory vegetation, while browsing pressure on intermediately browsed species like for example silver fir (<em>Abies alba</em>) was affected by understory characteristics. Contrary to our expectations, roe deer abundance was only positively associated with browsing pressure on silver fir and bilberry (<em>Vaccinium myrtillus</em>), while all other plants were unaffected by deer abundance. Finally, we did not find an influence of lying deadwood volume on the browsing pressure on any woody-plant species. Overall, our results indicate that patterns in browsing preference and intensity are species-specific processes and are partly affected by the surrounding understory vegetation. Current management strategies that aim to reduce browsing pressure through culling may be inefficient as they do not address other drivers of browsing pressure. However, managers also need to consider the characteristics of the local understory vegetation in addition to deer abundance, and design species-specific plans to reduce browsing on woody plant taxa.</span></p>
The second data release from the European Pulsar Timing Array II. Customised pulsar noise models for spatially correlated gravitational waves
<p>Aims: The nanohertz gravitational wave background (GWB) is expected to be an aggregate signal of an ensemble of gravitational waves emitted predominantly by a large population of coalescing supermassive black hole binaries in the centres of merging galaxies. Pulsar tiNanohertz ming arrays (PTAs), which are ensembles of extremely stable pulsars at approximately kiloparsec distances precisely monitored for decades, are the most precise experiments capable of detecting this background. However, the subtle imprints that the GWB induces on pulsar timing data are obscured by many sources of noise that occur on various timescales. These must be carefully modelled and mitigated to increase the sensitivity to the background signal. Methods: In this paper, we present a novel technique to estimate the optimal number of frequency coefficients for modelling achromatic and chromatic noise, while selecting the preferred set of noise models to use for each pulsar. We also incorporated a new model to fit for scattering variations in the Bayesian pulsar timing package temponest. These customised noise models enable a more robust characterisation of single-pulsar noise. We developed a software package based on tempo2 to create realistic simulations of European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA) datasets that allowed us to test the efficacy of our noise modelling algorithms. Results: Using these techniques, we present an in-depth analysis of the noise properties of 25 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) that form the second data release (DR2) of the EPTA and investigate the effect of incorporating low-frequency data from the Indian Pulsar Timing Array collaboration for a common sample of ten MSPs. We used two packages, enterprise and temponest, to estimate our noise models and compare them with those reported using EPTA DR1. We find that, while in some pulsars we can successfully disentangle chromatic from achromatic noise owing to the wider frequency coverage in DR2, in others the noise models evolve in a much more complicated way. We also find evidence of long-term scattering variations in PSR J1600-3053. Through our simulations, we identify intrinsic biases in our current noise analysis techniques and discuss their effect on GWB searches. The analysis and results discussed in this article directly help to improve the sensitivity to the GWB signal and they are already being used as part of global PTA efforts.</p>
The second data release from the European Pulsar Timing Array I. The dataset and timing analysis
<p>Pulsar timing arrays offer a probe of the low-frequency gravitational wave spectrum (1−100 nanohertz), which is intimately connected to a number of markers that can uniquely trace the formation and evolution of the Universe. We present the dataset and the results of the timing analysis from the second data release of the European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA). The dataset contains high-precision pulsar timing data from25 millisecond pulsars collected with the five largest radio telescopes in Europe, as well as the Large European Array for Pulsars. The dataset forms the foundation for the search for gravitational waves by the EPTA, presented in associated papers. We describe the dataset and present the results of the frequentist and Bayesian pulsar timing analysis for individual millisecond pulsars that have been observed over the last∼25 years.We discuss the improvements to the individual pulsar parameter estimates, as well as new measurements of the physical properties of these pulsars and their companions. This data release extends the dataset from EPTA Data Release 1 up to the beginning of 2021, with individual pulsar datasets with timespans ranging from 14 to 25 years. These lead to improved constraints on annual parallaxes, secular variation of the orbital period, and Shapiro delay for a number of sources. Based on these results, we derived astrophysical parameters that include distances, transverse velocities,binary pulsar masses, and annual orbital parallaxes.</p>
Invasion dynamics of the European Collared-Dove are explained by combined effects of habitat and climate
<p>Global biodiversity is increasingly threatened by the spread of invasive species. Understanding the mechanisms influencing the initial colonization and persistence of invaders is therefore needed if conservation actions are to prevent new invasions or strive to slow their spread. The Eurasian collared-dove (<em>Streptopelia decaocto</em>, EUCO) is one of the most successful avian invasive species in North America; however, to our knowledge, no study has simultaneously examined the role that climate-matching, human activity, directional propagation, and local density have in this invasion process. Our research expands upon a cellular-automata-based hierarchical model developed to assess directional invasion dynamics to further quantify the impacts of climate, elevation, and land cover type on the spread of EUCO in North America. Our results suggest that EUCO's dispersal patterns can largely be explained by the effects of habitat, climate, and environmental conditions at different stages of the invasion process rather than some innate preferred north-westerly spread. Specifically, EUCO initially colonized warm and wet grassland habitats and tended to persist in urban areas. We also found that while EUCO were more likely to spread to the northeast of existing habitats, directional preference did not drive persistence and recolonization events. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating both neighbourhood effects and environmental factors in the modelling of range-expanding species, adding to the toolset available to researchers to model invasive species spread. Further, our research demonstrates that historical records of invasive species occurrences from citizen science projects can provide the data resources needed to disentangle the characteristics driving species invasion and enable predictions that are of critical importance to resource managers.</p>
Dataset for "Disentangling mechanisms responsible for wind energy effects on European bats"
<p>Data used in the study "Disentangling mechanisms responsible for wind energy effects on European bats".</p> <p><strong>site </strong>= ID attributed to the studied site ; <strong>ID_Parc</strong> = ID attributed to the studied wind farm ; <strong>night </strong>= date of the sampling ; <strong>SM4 </strong>= ID attributed to the recorder ; <strong>NbWT_1500m</strong> = number of wind turbines in a 1500m buffer ; <strong>Dist_WT</strong> = distance to the nearest wind turbine ; <strong>Dist_water</strong> = distance to the nearest water body or water course ; <strong>Dist_forest</strong> = distance to the nearest forest ; <strong>avg_temp</strong> = average temperature of the night ; <strong>Prev_wind_mod1</strong> = prevailing wind direction of the night ; <strong>count_prev_wind22.5</strong> = number of hours during which the wind direction was close (± 22.5°) to the prevailing wind direction (mode) of the night ; <strong>angle </strong>= angle between the axis wind-turbine - detector and the north direction ; <strong>MES_year</strong> = year of commissioning of the nearest wind turbines ; <strong>Model </strong>= model of the nearest wind turbine ; <strong>Rotor_diameter</strong> = diameter of the rotor of the nearest wind turbine ; <strong>Hub_height</strong> = height of the hub of the nearest wind turbine ; <strong>ID_WT</strong> = ID attributed to the nearest wind turbine</p>
Data from: Habitat-based biodiversity responses to macroclimate and edaphic factors in European fen ecosystems
<p>Understanding large-scale drivers of biodiversity in palustrine wetlands is challenging due to the combined effects of macroclimate and local edaphic conditions. In boreal and temperate fen ecosystems, the influence of macroclimate on biodiversity is modulated by hydrological settings across habitats, making It difficult to assess their vulnerability to climate change. Here, we investigate the influence of macroclimate and edaphic factors on three Essential Biodiversity Variables across eight ecologically defined habitats that align with ecosystem classifications and red lists. We used 27,555 vegetation plot samples from European fens to assess the influence of macroclimate and groundwater pH predictors on the geographic distribution of each habitat type. Additionally, we modeled the relative influence of macroclimate, water pH and water table depth on community species richness and composition, focusing on 309 plant specialists. Our models reveal strong effects of mean annual temperature, diurnal thermal range and summer temperature on biodiversity variables, with contrasting differences among habitats. While macroclimatic factors primarily shape geographic distributions and species richness, edaphic factors emerge as the primary drivers of composition for vascular plants and bryophytes. Annual precipitation exhibits non-linear effects on fen biodiversity, with varying impact across habitats with different hydrological characteristics, suggesting a minimum requirement of 600 mm of annual precipitation for the occurrence of fen ecosystems. Our results anticipate potential impacts of climate warming on European fens, with predictable changes among habitat types and geographic regions. Moreover, we provide evidence that the drivers of biodiversity in boreal and temperate fens are closely tied to the ecological characteristics of each habitat type and the dispersal abilities of bryophytes and vascular plants. Given that the influence of macroclimate and edaphic factors on fen ecosystems is habitat-specific, climate change research and conservation actions should consider ecological differentiation within functional IUCN ecosystems at continental and regional scales.</p>
Evaluating the use of non‐invasive hair sampling and ddRAD to characterize populations of endangered species: Application to a peripheral population of the European mink
<p>The application of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) to non‐invasive samples is one of the most promising methods in conservation genomics, but these types of samples present significant challenges for NGS. The European mink (<em>Mustela lutreola</em>) is critically endangered throughout its range. However, important aspects such as census size and inbreeding remain still unknown in many populations, so it is crucial to develop new methods to monitor this species. In this work, we placed hair tubes along riverbanks in a border area of the Iberian population, which allowed the genetic identification of 76 European mink hair samples. We then applied a reduced representation genomic sequencing (ddRAD) technique to a subset of these samples to test whether we could extract sufficient genomic information from them. We show that several problems with the DNA, including contamination, fragmentation, oxidation, and possibly sample mixing, affected the samples. Using various bioinformatic techniques to reduce these problems, we were able to unambiguously genotype 19 hair samples belonging to six individuals. This small number of individuals showed that the demographic status of the species in this peripheral population is worse than expected. The data obtained also allowed us to perform preliminary analyses of relatedness and inbreeding. Although further improvements in sampling and analysis are needed, the application of the ddRAD technique to non‐invasively obtained hairs represents a significant advance in the genomic study of endangered species.</p>
European storm-petrel occurrence 2005-2019 Atlantic Iberian arc
<p>Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are widely used tools for conservation and management. Their correct delimitation is challenging, especially when the target species are small, elusive, and inconspicuous, as little data is generally available to adequately assess their distribution at sea. Therefore, currently designated MPAs may not effectively cover key areas for small seabirds, particularly during migration and wintering seasons.</p> <p>We used Ensemble Species Distribution Models (ESDMs) on a 15-year time-series dataset of at-sea census along the Atlantic Iberian arc to predict the potential distribution of the smallest European seabird, the European storm-petrel (Hydrobates pelagicus), and compare it with official marine Special Protection Areas (SPAs).</p> <p>Occurrence of European storm-petrel was related to shifts in sea surface temperature, and to small distances from the coast over the continental shelf.</p> <p>Most relevant area for the species in the Atlantic Iberian arc was west-central Portugal to north-western coast of the Iberian Peninsula, with an additional key area in the Gulf of Cádiz. Both zones host significant SPAs, but they inadequately cover key areas for European storm-petrels. Our findings support extending marine SPAs in the Atlantic Iberian arc to ensure their effective protection.</p> <p>The distribution of the species expands over the years, varying both in size and location. These changes might be attributed to dynamic oceanographic variables, such as sea surface temperature and biomass of micronekton, which seem to play a significant role in their foraging behaviour.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: Our study highlights the importance of analysing long time series and ESDMs to design adequate protected areas which ensure the conservation of small and highly mobile species such as storm petrels. Our results should be considered by decision makers to prioritise and update marine protected areas, while incorporating the dynamic nature of the ocean within an ecosystem-based approach.</p>
Norwegian hourly residential electricity demand data with consumer characteristics during the European energy crisis
<p>This dataset was collected to understand how Norwegian households responded to the electricity price shock due to the European energy crisis. It consists of consumer characteristics and their self-reported responses to the extraordinarily high electricity prices which were collected by a survey of 4,446 consumers. The consumer characteristics contain information about socio-demographics such as income, age, education, number of residents, residence type, residence size, and how conscious the respondents are about their electricity consumption. Furthermore, major electricity-consuming appliances are identified, such as whether the residents have an electric vehicle and how they heat their homes, and if they have a variable electricity tariff. In addition, hourly metered electricity consumption data covering October 2020 to March 2022 from a subset of 1,136 residential consumers of the surveyed households and the total hourly residential electricity consumption per Norwegian bidding area from July 2019 to July 2022as well as the hourly day-ahead electricity prices are included in the dataset. These data are interesting to researchers that aim to gain insight into the electricity consumption behaviour of the residential sector and the impact of different socio-demographic variables.</p> <p>A detailed description is available as a data article in Data in Brief: <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352340923007667">Norwegian hourly residential electricity demand data with consumer characteristics during the European energy crisis - ScienceDirect</a></p> <p>Supplementary figures containing the survey results are available here: <a href="../records/11580541">Supplementary result diagrams from household surveys on implicit demand response (zenodo.org)</a></p> <p>Survey answers in Norwegian are available here: <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/15063303">iFleks-prosjekt: Spørreundersøkelser med husholdninger og næringsliv om forbruksrespons på elektrisitetspriser</a></p>
Data for: Tracking and Analysis of the Movement Behavior of European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in Aquaculture Systems
<p>Data for: Tracking and Analysis of the Movement Behavior of European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in Aquaculture Systems</p><p>Please read the README.txt file before working with the data.</p>
European Organization for Nuclear Research and "Marek-Lars Kruusen's technology and science"
<p>"Marek-Lars Kruusen's technology and science" is a company primarily engaged in scientific research on wormholes and technology development. Marek-Lars Kruusen collaborates with the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). This collaboration involves the publication of scientific papers and preprints on a platform managed by CERN. For example, preprints can be found on Zenodo, which is hosted at CERN.</p> <p>The European Organization for Nuclear Research, known as CERN, is an intergovernmental organization that operates the largest particle physics laboratory in the world. Established in 1954, it is based in a suburb of Geneva, on the France–Switzerland border. It comprises 23 member states. Israel, admitted in 2013, is the only non-European full member. CERN is an official United Nations General Assembly observer.</p> <p>The acronym CERN is also used to refer to the laboratory; in 2019, it had 2,660 scientific, technical, and administrative staff members, and hosted about 12,400 users from institutions in more than 70 countries. In 2016, CERN generated 49 petabytes of data.</p> <p>CERN's main function is to provide the particle accelerators and other infrastructure needed for high-energy physics research – consequently, numerous experiments have been constructed at CERN through international collaborations. CERN is the site of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the world's largest and highest-energy particle collider. The main site at Meyrin hosts a large computing facility, which is primarily used to store and analyze data from experiments, as well as simulate events. As researchers require remote access to these facilities, the lab has historically been a major wide area network hub. CERN is also the birthplace of the World Wide Web.</p> <p>Since its foundation by 12 members in 1954, CERN regularly accepted new members. All new members have remained in the organization continuously since their accession, except Spain and Yugoslavia. Spain first joined CERN in 1961, withdrew in 1969, and rejoined in 1983. Yugoslavia was a founding member of CERN but quit in 1961. Of the 23 members, Israel joined CERN as a full member on 6 January 2014, becoming the first (and currently only) non-European full member.</p> <p>The Open Science movement focuses on making scientific research openly accessible and on creating knowledge through open tools and processes. Open access, open data, open source software and hardware, open licenses, digital preservation and reproducible research are primary components of open science and areas in which CERN has been working towards since its formation.</p>
Figure 1 in Comparison of feeding apparatus and feeding intensity of the European sardine (Sardina pilchardus) off Morocco in two Atlantic upwelling areas with different seasonal activity
Figure 1. – Map showing the study area and different fishery areas in the Atlantic off Morocco.
Figure 1 in Allozymic variability in European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus ( L .) along the Moroccan coasts
Figure 1. - Map of Moroccan coasts showing the locations of anchovy sampling.
Figure 2 in Allozymic variability in European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus ( L .) along the Moroccan coasts
Figure 2. - Beaumont & Nichols FDist neutrality test performed using LOSI- TAN.
Fig. 16 in Consortium of European TaXonomic Facilities (CETAF) best practices in electronic publishing in taXonomy
Fig. 16. Scheme extracted from Roarmap showing the different policies regarding Open Access.
TRANSFORM - Observational Cohort Study of Darbepoetin Alfa Use in European Union (EU) Hemodialysis Patients Switched From PEG Epoetin Beta
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01997892. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 7. Publications: 1.
The TackSHS Survey: a Pan-European Study on SHS
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02928536. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Local Phase 4 Pan-European SMART Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00463866. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 14. Publications: 3.
The European Robotic Spinal Instrumentation (EUROSPIN) Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03398915. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 5. Publications: 13.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.