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Distribution. Mexico through Central America into South America to N Argentina and NW Uruguay; also on Trinidad I. in Molossidae

Distribution. Mexico through Central America into South America to N Argentina and NW Uruguay; also on Trinidad I.

Distribution. SW USA (Florida), and from NE Mexico (Coahuila), S through Central America into South America to Argentina and Uruguay; also on Puerto Rico and Lesser Antilles. in Molossidae

Distribution. SW USA (Florida), and from NE Mexico (Coahuila), S through Central America into South America to Argentina and Uruguay; also on Puerto Rico and Lesser Antilles.

Distribution. Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, Belize, and Guatemala through Central America into South America, including Colombia, coastal Venezuela, the Guianas, and Amazonian Peru; also on Trinidad I. in Molossidae

Distribution. Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, Belize, and Guatemala through Central America into South America, including Colombia, coastal Venezuela, the Guianas, and Amazonian Peru; also on Trinidad I.

Distribution. Patchily distributed from Mexico (Sonora along W coast to Yucatan Peninsula) through Central America to South America in Colombia, N Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, E Ecuador, exioreme W & NE Brazil, E Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, and N Argentina; also Trinidad I. in Molossidae

Distribution. Patchily distributed from Mexico (Sonora along W coast to Yucatan Peninsula) through Central America to South America in Colombia, N Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, E Ecuador, exioreme W & NE Brazil, E Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, and N Argentina; also Trinidad I.

FIGURES 17–20 in New species and notes on Paravelia Breddin, 1898 (Heteroptera: Veliidae) from South America

FIGURES 17–20. Paravelia loutoni Polhemus. (17) Dorsal habitus of female paratype (BPBM), (18) dorsal view of head, pronotum, and basal region of forewing, (19) terminal abdominal sterna of female, (20) ventral view of female abdomen. Size bar = 1.00 mm and applies only to Fig. 17.

FIGURES 1–4. Paravelia ameliae n in New species and notes on Paravelia Breddin, 1898 (Heteroptera: Veliidae) from South America

FIGURES 1–4. Paravelia ameliae n. sp. (1) Dorsal and (2) ventral habitus of male holotype (UPTC). (3) Dorsal and (4) ventral habitus of female paratype (UPTC). Size bars = 1.00 mm.

FIGURES 14–16 in New species and notes on Paravelia Breddin, 1898 (Heteroptera: Veliidae) from South America

FIGURES 14–16. Paravelia albotrimaculata (Kirkaldy). (14) Dorsal, (15) ventral, and (16) lateral habitus of female holotype (RBINS). Size bar = 1.00 mm and applies only to Figs. 14–15.

FIGURES 5–7. Paravelia ameliae n in New species and notes on Paravelia Breddin, 1898 (Heteroptera: Veliidae) from South America

FIGURES 5–7. Paravelia ameliae n. sp. (5) Lateral habitus of male holotype, (6) fore femur and tibia of male holotype, showing grasping comb, (7) lateral habitus of female paratype. Size bar = 1.00 mm and applies only to Figs. 5 and 7.

FIGURES 8–13. Paravelia ameliae n in New species and notes on Paravelia Breddin, 1898 (Heteroptera: Veliidae) from South America

FIGURES 8–13. Paravelia ameliae n. sp. (8–10) Abdominal tergum VIII of male, (8) dorsal view, (9) ventral view, (10) lateral view. (11) Proctiger of male, dorsal view. (12) Genital capsule of male, lateral view (proctiger removed). (13) Paramere at a slightly different angle than in Fig. 12.

Distribution. South America S in Natalidae

Distribution. South America S of Amazon River, including C & E Brazil (from Para S to Sao Paulo states), E Bolivia, and Paraguay.

FIGURE 1 in Ranunculus oblitus (section Batrachium, Ranunculaceae), a new species from South America

FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic relations within Batrachium taxa based on the ITS region. The rooted tree was built in MEGA6.06 using Maximum Likelihood method (ML), all sites, Kimura 2 model with Gamma distributed with 5 rate categories. Bootstrap supported values from 1000 replicates are shown next to the branches, nodes without values indicate <50 bs.

FIGURE 2 in Ranunculus oblitus (section Batrachium, Ranunculaceae), a new species from South America

FIGURE 2. Holotype of Ranunculus oblitus (coll. P. Dusén), reproduced with permission of Herbarium Hamburgense (HBG).

FIGURE 5 in Ranunculus oblitus (section Batrachium, Ranunculaceae), a new species from South America

FIGURE 5. Distribution of areas with Ranunculus oblitus (black dots). The areas also contain unresolved Batrachium specimens. The open circles indicate areas where only non-laminar leaved Batrachium specimens have been found (map base: https://de.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Datei:South_America_laea_location_map.svg).

FIGURE 4 in Ranunculus oblitus (section Batrachium, Ranunculaceae), a new species from South America

FIGURE 4. Field photograph of Ranunculus oblitus, Detail of flowers, from Argentina, Prov. Santa Cruz [Kok van Herk, no. Pa 2599], reproduced with permission of the author.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Rainy cycles in South America as a driver for the breeding of Rynchops niger and Phaetusa simplex (Aves: Charadriiformes)

THIS IS THE DATASET for the following work: ABSTRACT Rynchops niger and Phaetusa simplex are two migratory waterbirds that breed simultaneously on many river beaches in South America. Both are polytypic taxa with little information about the distribution and non-breeding ("wintering") areas. Based on data from the literature, fieldwork, and specimens housed in natural history museums we revised the distribution of some of the main breeding colonies in South America, comparing it with the rainy cycles in the continent to identify generalities about the role of precipitation seasonality on the defining intratropical migration routes of these species. Our data suggest that the seasonal precipitation cycle of South America directly influences the reproductive timing and distribution of both species, which is largely circumscribed by South America's rivers. After breeding on sandy beaches during the dry season, both species disperse in small groups or even individually – not in large flocks as seen in breeding areas – making it difficult to find general migration patterns during the rainy season. Nonetheless, individuals of both species tend to follow the course of the largest rivers of the continent and even alternative routes to disperse into several areas throughout South America during the non-breeding season.

FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic notes Portulaca (Portulacaceae) in South America I: the taxonomic status of P. mucronulata var. microphylla

FIGURE 4. Portulaca ferricola collected from canga vegetation in eastern Bolivia (Villarroel et al. 2069, USZ!).

FIGURE 1. Portulaca ferricola. A in Taxonomic notes Portulaca (Portulacaceae) in South America I: the taxonomic status of P. mucronulata var. microphylla

FIGURE 1. Portulaca ferricola. A. Overview of the habitat. B. Aspect of the individual in wet period. C. Aspect of the individual in dry period. D. Flower. E. Detail of stem and branches covered with an exfoliating brown bark. F. Fruit. G. Seeds (Takahasi et al. 1193, FUEL), blue circle highlighting the cells toward the peripheral face of the seed par-domed and red circle highlighting the anticlinal walls undulate with U- and V-type patterns [photos by A. Takahasi (A–D) and by J.R. Ferraz (E–G)].

opennotspecifiedSep 2022View details →

FIGURES 5–10 in Description of the female of Copestylum tigrinum Ricarte & Hancock in Ricarte et al., 2015 (Diptera, Syrphidae), first record in mainland South America and new larval host plant

FIGURES 5–10. Copestylum tigrinum Ricarte & Hancock. Male (5–7): 5. Dorsal view; 6. Lateral View; 7. Apical abdominal tergites, dorsal view. Female (8–10): 8. Dorsal view; 9. Lateral View; 10. Apical abdominal tergites, dorsal view. Legend: abm, abdominal marking; m, scutum posterior macula; tb, metatibia.

opennotspecifiedSep 2022View details →

FIGURES 11–17 in Description of the female of Copestylum tigrinum Ricarte & Hancock in Ricarte et al., 2015 (Diptera, Syrphidae), first record in mainland South America and new larval host plant

FIGURES 11–17. Copestylum tigrinum Ricarte & Hancock, genitalia. Male (11–12): 11. Lateral view; 12. Posterior view. Female (13–17): 13. Dorsal view; 14. Ventral view. Proctiger (15–17): 15. Dorsal view; 16. Lateral view; 17. Ventral view. Legend: ap, apodeme of the epiproct; c, cercus; ep, epandrium; epi, epiproct; ext, apico-lateral extensions of the epiproct; hyp, hypoproct; s8, sternite 8; s9, sternite 9 (internal); sct, sub-epandrial sclerite; st, surstylus; t6, 7 and 8, tergites 6, 7 and 8.