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Fig. 13 in Taxonomic revision of thorny catfish genus Hassar (Siluriformes: Doradidae)

Fig. 13. Pectoral girdle in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views of Hassar orestis, MZUSP 105827, 144.7 mm SL. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Fig. 12 in Taxonomic revision of thorny catfish genus Hassar (Siluriformes: Doradidae)

Fig. 12. Schematic illustration of the hyoid and branchial arches of Hassar orestis, based on MZUSP 6991, 65.7 mm SL. ACH, anterior ceratohyal; BB, basibranchial; CB, ceratobranchial; DHH, dorsal hypohyal; EB, epibranchial; HB, hypobranchial; PB, pharyngobranchial; PCH, posterior ceratohyal; PTP, pharyngobranchial tooth plate; VHH, ventral hypohyal.

Fig. 11 in Taxonomic revision of thorny catfish genus Hassar (Siluriformes: Doradidae)

Fig. 11. Head and anterior portion of body in dorsal (above) and lateral (below) views of Hassar orestis, MZUSP 105827, 144.7 mm SL. AAR, anguloarticular; acf, anterior cranial fontanel; ANP, anterior nuchal plate; CLE, cleithrum; DEN, dentary; ENT, entopterygoid; EPO, epoccipital; FRO, frontal; INS, infranuchal scute; IO, infraorbital; IOP, interopercle; LET, lateral ethmoid; MAX, maxilla; MES, mesethmoid; MNP, middle nuchal plate; MTP, metapterygoid; Mr, Müllerian ramus; NAS, nasal; nf, nuchal foramina; OPE, opercle; PAL, autopalatine; pcf, posterior cranial fontanel; pEPO, epioccipital process; PNP, posterior nuchal plate; POP, preopercle; PTO, pterotic; QUA, quadrate; SCL, posttemporo-supracleithrum; SOC, parieto-supraoccipital; SPH, sphenotic. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Fig. 14 in Taxonomic revision of thorny catfish genus Hassar (Siluriformes: Doradidae)

Fig. 14. Pelvic girdle in dorsal view of Hassar orestis, MZUSP 105827, 144.7 mm SL. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Fig. 9 in Taxonomic revision of thorny catfish genus Hassar (Siluriformes: Doradidae)

Fig. 9. (a) Lectotype of Hassar orestis, NMW45428, 66.8 mm SL, (b) paralectotype of Hassar orestis, NMW 45427, 206.0 mm SL; and (c) holotype of Hassar ucayalensis, ANSP 68647, 68.9 mm SL. Photos (b) and (c) by Mark Sabaj Pérez.

Fig. 6 in Taxonomic revision of thorny catfish genus Hassar (Siluriformes: Doradidae)

Fig. 6. Distribution map of Hassar affinis (yellow triangles), H. gabiru (white diamonds), H. orestis (red circles), H. wilderi (orange pentamer). Stars represent type localities. Brown star indicates the type locality of Hassar ucayalensis, and pink star indicates that of Hassar woodi.

Fig. 10 in Taxonomic revision of thorny catfish genus Hassar (Siluriformes: Doradidae)

Fig. 10. Hassar orestis: (a) MZUSP 32542, 218.5 mm SL, rio Xingu at Belo Monte; (b) MZUSP 15528, 186.5 mm SL, rio Trombetas; (c) MZUSP 74680, 123.5 mm SL, rio Tefé; (d) MZUSP 6721, 79.4 mm SL, rio Negro.

Fig. 4 in Taxonomic revision of thorny catfish genus Hassar (Siluriformes: Doradidae)

Fig. 4. Gas bladders in ventral view of Hassar affinis (a-d): (a) MZUSP 90583, 54.4 mm SL; (b) MZUSP 74890, 85.9 mm SL; (c) MZUSP 43604, 228.0 mm SL; (d) ANSP 69392, 201.6 mm SL (holotype of Hassar woodi, photo by Mark Sabaj Pérez); Hassar gabiru (e-h): (e) MZUSP 87026, 69.0 mm SL; (f) MZUSP 94142, 137.6 mm SL; (g) INPA 31043, 122.5 mm SL; (h) MZUSP 94142, 128.6 mm SL; Hassar wilderi (i-l): (i) MZUSP 46016, 67.0 mm SL; (j) MZUSP 4857, 103.6 mm SL; (k) MZUSP 63148, 148.8 mm SL; (l) MZUSP 62998, 161.6 mm SL; Hassar orestis (m-p): (m) MZUSP 6991, 71.0 mm SL; (n) MZUSP 74680, 123.5 mm SL; (o) MZUSP 15512, 132.0 mm SL; (p) MZUSP 32542, 220.0 mm SL. Scale bars = 5 mm.

Fig. 8 in Taxonomic revision of thorny catfish genus Hassar (Siluriformes: Doradidae)

Fig. 8. Hassar gabiru, paratype, MZUSP 97219, c.130 mm SL, rio Curuá, Iriri-Xingu drainage, Altamira, PA. Photo by Mark Sabaj Pérez.

Fig. 2 in Taxonomic revision of thorny catfish genus Hassar (Siluriformes: Doradidae)

Fig. 2. Holotype of Hassar affinis (a), NMW 4539, 123.0 mm SL, and holotype of Hassar woodi (b), ANSP 69392, 201.6 mm SL. Photos by Mark Sabaj Pérez.

Fig. 1 in Taxonomic revision of thorny catfish genus Hassar (Siluriformes: Doradidae)

Fig. 1. Anteriormost vertebrae and associated structures, in ventral view, of Hassar orestis, MZUSP 105827, 144.7 mm SL. BAS, basioccipital; CV, complex vertebra; Mr, Müllerian ramus; pEPO, epioccipital process; pTR, transcapular process; SCL, posttemporo-supracleithrum; TRI, tripus. Arrow indicates the ring-shaped ventral arch of the basioccipital. Scale bar = 5 mm

Fig. 3 in Taxonomic revision of thorny catfish genus Hassar (Siluriformes: Doradidae)

Fig. 3. Hassar affinis: (a) MCP 22524, 77.0 mm SL, rio Pindaré-Mearim (photo by Mark Sabaj Pérez); (b) MZUSP 89935, 110.7 mm SL, rio Parnaíba; (c) MZUSP 43604, 152.6 mm SL, rio Parnaíba.

Fig. 5 in Taxonomic revision of thorny catfish genus Hassar (Siluriformes: Doradidae)

Fig. 5. Schematic illustration of midlateral scutes of (a) Hassar affinis, based on MZUSP 89935, 110.7 mm SL, and (b) Hassar orestis, based on MZUSP 6991, 65.7 mm SL, in left lateral view. Arrow indicates anteriormost scute with median thorn.

Figure 134 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Grammia Rambur (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Arctiinae)

Figure 134. Neighbour-joining tree of Western lineage haplotypes of Grammia species. Multiple symbols per row indicate multiple species and/or samples for a given haplotype. Squares indicate species with haplotype complements primarily or exclusively in the Western lineage, circles indicate predominantly Eastern lineage species. Grammia virgo haplotype VI15 (triangle) is the sole G. virgo haplotype outside of the Virgo lineage.

Figures 87–95 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Grammia Rambur (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Arctiinae)

Figures 87–95. Genitalia of female Grammia, ventral aspect (scale bar = 1 mm). 87, Grammia nevadensis (G. & R.). 88, Grammia behrii (Stretch). 89, Grammia williamsii (Dodge). 90, Grammia elongata (Stretch). 91, Grammia blakei (Grt.). 92, Grammia fergusoni Schmidt. 93, Grammia ornata (Pack.). 94, Grammia hewletti (B. & McD.). 95, Grammia complicata (Walker).

Figures 79–86 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Grammia Rambur (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Arctiinae)

Figures 79–86. Genitalia of female Grammia, ventral aspect (scale bar = 1 mm). 79, Grammia virguncula (W. Kby.). 80, Grammia quenseli (Paykull). 81, Grammia margo Schmidt. 82, Grammia franconia (H. Edw.). 83, Grammia figurata (Drury). 84, Grammia f-pallida (Stkr.). 85, Grammia incorrupta (Hy. Edwards). 86, Grammia ursina Schmidt.

Figures 72–78 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Grammia Rambur (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Arctiinae)

Figures 72–78. Genitalia of female Grammia, ventral aspect (scale bar = 1 mm). 72, Grammia arge (Drury). 73, Grammia doris doris (Bdv.). 74, Grammia obliterata (Stretch). 75, Grammia phyllira (Drury). 76, Grammia placentia (J. E. Smith). 77, Grammia virgo (L.). 78, Grammia parthenice (Kby.).

Figures 69–71 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Grammia Rambur (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Arctiinae)

Figures 69–71. Genitalia of male Grammia, ventral aspect of valve and right lateral aspect of aedeagus (scale bar = 1 mm). 69, Grammia ornata (Pack.). 70, Grammia complicata (Walker). 71, Grammia hewletti (B. & McD.).

Figures 58–63 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Grammia Rambur (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Arctiinae)

Figures 58–63. Genitalia of male Grammia, ventral aspect of valve and right lateral aspect of aedeagus (scale bar = 1 mm). 58, Grammia behrii (Stretch). 59, Grammia eureka Ferguson & Schmidt. 60, Grammia brillians Schmidt. 61, Grammia bowmani Ferguson & Schmidt. 62, Grammia williamsii (Dodge). 63, Grammia elongata (Stretch).

Figure 133 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Grammia Rambur (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Arctiinae)

Figure 133. Neighbour-joining tree of cox1 'barcode' haplotypes of Grammia species and Holarctia obliterata. Two-letter codes correspond to the species name in a given lineage. The Kodara Lineage includes Grammia quenseli (QE1), Grammia williamsii (WI1), and Grammia virgo (VI14) haplotypes. Haplotypes of the Western and Eastern lineages are shown separately in Figs 134 and 135, respectively. Numbers in parentheses indicate number of sampled specimens.