Find research datasets worth reusing

Reservoir ecosystems support large pools of fish biomass

Supplemental data for "Reservoir ecosystems support large pools of fish biomass". Parisek, C.A., F.A., De Castro, J.D. Colby, G.R. Leidy, S. Sadro, A.L. Rypel. Reservoir ecosystems support large pools of fish biomass. Sci Rep 14, 9428 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-59730-z

CoMobility project data: Warsaw road traffic, road traffic emissions, and air concentrations for greater Warsaw area

Introduction Data here are for the Greater Warsaw area, Poland originating in the CoMobility project. It contains data relevant to traffic activity, emissions, air quality and related health studies in the area. Files contain road properties along with traffic volume and rushhour delays as well as emissions of NOx, NO2 and PM from road traffic on individual road segment level. Also 500m gridded surface air concentrations are included for PM2.5 and PM10, and for NOx, NO2. Data production Roads are from the macroscopic traffic model MTAW (Warsaw Municipality, 2016) (Model Transportowy Aglomeracji Warszawskiej in Polish). It was developed based on the 2015 comprehensive travel survey in Warsaw and it is the main strategic transport model for the Greater Warsaw area, revised most recently in 2019.  The NERVE model (Grythe et al, 2022), developed by NILU, provides detailed estimates of greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions specifically from road traffic. Using a bottom-up approach, it combines data from regional traffic model (RTM), vehicle fleet composition, and emission factors from the Handbook Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA). NERVE can be set up to calculate emissions at various levels, including road link, municipality, or national levels. It is a tool researchers and policymakers use this model for environmental assessments, policy decisions, and constructing different emission scenarios. Its high level of detail makes it valuable not only for practical emissions estimation but also as a research tool. Emissions for other sources came from the Central Emission Database by the Environmental Protection - National Research Institute (IEP-NRI) in Poland (Gawuc et al., 2021). The background concentrations were taken from the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Services (CAMS) ensemble forecast for 2019 (Marécal et al., 2015) The EPISODE model (Hamer et al. 2020), developed by NILU, is an Eulerian urban dispersion model designed to address the need for an accurate urban air quality model in support of policy, planning, and air quality management. EPISODE operates as a 3D grid model coupled with numerical weather prediction (NWP) data. It simulates dispersion from point and line sources to receptor points, with a focus on the photochemical production of ozone in urban areas. The model’s CityChem extension enhances its capabilities for complex pollution sources, incorporating numerical chemistry solvers, sub-grid photochemistry, and a simplified street canyon model. EPISODE serves as a valuable tool for understanding and managing air quality in urban environments. Data files The data on road traffic contains 60 084 road links that cover the Greater Warsaw area. The file input is a traffic file from the MTAW model and is processed and formatted with NREVE. The format is an ESRI shapefile with the following road parameters: “DISTANCE” -length of road segment in kilometers. “CAPACITY” -Hourly capacity of the road. “SLOPE” -Vertical gradientor slope of the road (in %) “SPEEDLIM” -Signed speed on the road (kilometers per hour) In addition there are traffic volume parameters; “ADT_LIGHT” – Annual Daily Traffic, light vehicles (personal cars + light duty vans) average derived from morning and evening peak hours 2019. “ADT_HEAVY” – Annual Daily Traffic, heavy duty vehicles average derived from morning and evening peak hours 2019. “ADT_BUSES” – Annual Daily Traffic, public transport buses average 2019. “MRN_delay” – delay during morning rush hour peak (%) “EVE_delay” – delay during evening rush hour peak (%) The files also contain the annual emissions: “EM_NOx” – 2019 annual emissions of NOx (gram). “EM_ NO2” – 2019 annual emissions of NOx (gram). “EM_PM” – 2019 annual emissions of NOx (gram). EPISODE output files for atmospheric concentration files are given on NetCDF file format.  Concentrations are given as annual average grid concentration for each of the components. In addition, 42 000  spatially spread out receptor points gives the 2 meter concentrations to allow for surface air concentration levels at individual point locations. Furthermore, these allows for downgridding concentrations to higher resolution. The source contribution files are from EPISODE and gives atmospheric concentration fields for NOx, PM10 and PM2.5 from individual sources. The individual sources are “RDU” -Road dust (PM only) “EXT” – Exhaust  (PM only) “TRA” - Exhaust  (NOx only) “IND” – Industry “RES” – Residential “OTH” – Other (all other sources within the domain combined ) “BGC” – Background (all sources outside the domain combined )

Dataset for "Modeling Dipolar Nonprotogenic Solvents with PC-SAFT-Type Equations of State: Pure Substance Properties"

Dipolar nonprotogenic solvents (DNS) are important chemical substances used across a wide range of applications, including renewable green solvent media, sustainable energy sources, and as efficient solvents for fabricating and processing semiconductive materials used in organic photovoltaics. Therefore, for efficient solvent screening or process design, a description and prediction of the thermodynamic properties of DNS using thermodynamic models is essential. This dataset contains calculation results of four different modeling strategies within the PC-SAFT equation of state for pure-substance properties of six DNSs: gamma-valerolactone, propylene carbonate, acetonitrile, dihydrolevoglucosenone, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and sulfolane. The modeling strategies differ in the treatment of the strong dipolar interactions of DNSs. The pure-substance properties include liquid density, vapor pressure, enthalpy of vaporization, and residual isobaric liquid heat capacity. The PC-SAFT performance was analyzed and evaluated based on the calculated data. Additionally, the dataset includes input files for quantum mechanical calculations of optimal molecular geometries and dipole moments of the considered DNSs using Gaussian 16 software.

PARAGON 1 - KM2112 - Nitrogen In Situ Measurements

This dataset contains measurements of in situ nitrogen concentrations collected during the PARAGON 1 expedition (KM2112) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Measurements come from daily collections of whole seawater at 150 m using trace metal clean techniques. Samples for measurements of nitrogen concentrations were collected by subsampling 250 mL aliquots of whole seawater into high density polyethylene bottles and freezing upright at -20°C until analysis onshore. Nitrate plus nitrite (NO₃⁻ + NO₂⁻) concentrations were measured colorimetrically using segmented flow on a SEAL Autoanalyzer III with a high resolution detector as described by Foreman et al. (2019). Total nitrogen concentrations were measured similarly, following overnight UV oxidation of the sample according to Foreman et al. (2019). NO₂⁻ concentrations were measured using the high sensitivity chemiluminescent method described by Dore and Karl (1996) and Foreman et al. (2016). Ammonium (NH₄⁺) concentrations were determined using the high sensitivity fluorometric method of Holmes et al. (1999). For each analysis, reported values are the average of technical duplicate measurements from each sample. Timestamp is in UTC.

PARAGON 1 - KM2112 - Iron Uptake In Situ Measurements

This dataset contains measurements of in situ rates of dissolved iron (Fe) uptake collected during the PARAGON 1 expedition (KM2112) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Measurements come from daily collections of whole seawater at 150 m using trace metal clean techniques. Rates of iron uptake were measured by subsampling 250 mL aliquots of whole seawater into polycarbonate bottles and spiking with a final concentration of 0.4 nmol L⁻¹ ⁵⁵FeCl₃ with a specific activity of 2.74 Ci mmol⁻¹ of Fe (Perkin Elmer). A killed blank measurement was also made by spiking an additional 250 mL aliquot with a final concentration of 1% glutaraldehyde prior to spiking with ⁵⁵FeCl₃. All aliquots were then incubated in the dark at in situ temperature for 8-10 hours. Incubations were terminated by filtering the entire 250 mL aliquot for each sample through a 0.2 µm polycarbonate filter. In order to remove extracellularly bound Fe, filters were rinsed 3 times with an oxalate wash according to Tang and Morel (2006) followed by three rinses with 0.2 µm filtered seawater. Filters were then transferred to high density polyethylene scintillation vials and submerged in 10 mL of Ultima Gold LLT scintillation cocktail (Perkin Elmer). Radioactivity incorporated into microbial biomass was measured on a TriCarb 4910TR scintillation counter. Values reported are blank-corrected averages of triplicate measurements from each sample but have not been adjusted for isotope dilution resulting from unlabeled iron present in situ. Timestamp is in UTC.

PARAGON 1 - KM2112 - Particulate Carbon and Nitrogen Timecourse Incubations

This dataset contains measurements of particulate carbon and nitrogen concentrations collected during the PARAGON 1 expedition (KM2112) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Measurements come from time-course incubation experiments initiated with whole seawater collected at 150 m using trace metal clean techniques and modified with various additions of organic carbon, iron, and/or nitrogen. Samples for measurements of particulate carbon and nitrogen concentrations were collected at multiple time points for each experimental biological replicate by filtering 4 L of seawater from polycarbonate incubation bottles onto pre-combusted 25 mm glass fiber filters (GF/F, Whatman) under positive pressure. Filters were then transferred to polystyrene Petri dishes lined with pre-combusted aluminum foil and stored at -20°C until analysis onshore. Filters were then analyzed by high temperature combustion using an Exeter CE-440 Elemental Analyzer according to Grabowski et al. (2019). Particulate carbon concentrations are measurements of total particulate carbon, including both organic and inorganic carbon. Timestamp is in UTC.

PARAGON 1 - KM2112 - Particulate Carbon and Nitrogen In Situ Measurements

This dataset contains measurements of particulate carbon and nitrogen concentrations collected during the PARAGON 1 expedition (KM2112) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Measurements come from daily collections of whole seawater at 150 m using trace metal clean techniques. Samples for measurements of particulate carbon and nitrogen concentrations were collected by filtering 4 L of whole seawater onto pre-combusted 25 mm glass fiber filters (GF/F, Whatman) under positive pressure. Filters were then transferred to polystyrene Petri dishes lined with pre-combusted aluminum foil and stored at -20°C until analysis onshore. Particulate carbon and nitrogen concentrations were then determined by high temperature combustion using an Exeter CE-440 Elemental Analyzer according to Grabowski et al. (2019). Particulate carbon concentrations are measurements of total particulate carbon, including both organic and inorganic carbon. Timestamp is in UTC.

PARAGON 1 - KM2112 - Total Organic Carbon In Situ Measurements

This dataset contains measurements of total organic carbon concentrations (TOC) collected during the PARAGON 1 expedition (KM2112) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Measurements come from daily collections of whole seawater at 150 m using trace metal clean techniques. Samples for measurements of TOC concentrations were collected by aliquoting 40 mL of whole seawater into pre-combusted borosilicate vials. Samples were acidified with 27 µL of 12N HCl (Optima grade, Fisher), capped with Teflon-lined silicone septa lids, and stored in the dark at room temperature until analysis on shore. Total organic carbon concentrations were determined by high temperature combustion on a modified Shimadzu TOC analyzer according to Carlson et al. (2010). Timestamp is in UTC.

PARAGON 1 - KM2112 - Leucine Incorporation In Situ Measurements

This dataset contains measurements of in situ rates of leucine incorporation as a measure of bacterial production collected during the PARAGON 1 expedition (KM2112) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Measurements come from daily collections of whole seawater at 150 m using trace metal clean techniques. Rates of leucine incorporation were measured by subsampling 1.5 mL aliquots of whole seawater into 2 mL microcentrifuge tubes (Axygen) and spiking with a final concentration of 20 nmol L⁻¹ leucine with a ³H specific activity of 53.3 Ci mmol⁻¹ of leucine (Perkin Elmer). A killed blank measurement was made by spiking an additional 1.5 mL aliquot with 100 µL of 100% (w/v) ice-cold trichloroacetic acid (TCA) prior to spiking with ³H-leucine. All aliquots were then incubated in the dark at in situ temperature for 4-6 hours after which live incubations were terminated with the addition of 100 µL of 100% (w/v) ice-cold TCA. Samples were processed at sea using the centrifugation method of Smith and Azam (1992), and radioactivity incorporated into bacterial protein was measured on a TriCarb 4910TR scintillation counter using Ultima Gold LLT scintillation cocktail (Perkin Elmer). Values reported are the blank-corrected averages of triplicate measurements from each sample. Timestamp is in UTC.

Experimental data for "Deep Learning Methods for Colloidal Silver Nanoparticle Concentration and Size Distribution Determination from UV-Vis Extinction Spectra"

Testing data (experimental data) for neural networks published in preprint https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2404.10891 The UV-VIS-NIR spectral data was also used in the dissertation of Nadzeya Khinevch, titled "Two-dimensional structures of nanoparticles for elements of surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates". Emails of the corresponding authors: Tomas Klinavičius tomas.klinavicius@ktu.lt Tomas Tamulevičius tomas.tamulevicius@ktu.lt

Extended Kalman filters for close-range navigation to noncooperative targets

The data sets provided here are associated to the paper “Extended Kalman filters for close-range navigation to noncooperative targets” available at this <a name="_Hlk36545040"></a><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2023.10.038">link</a>. These allow recreating the simulations discussed in Sections 5.2 – for the results plotted in Figure 7 – 5.3 (Figures 9-10), and 5.4 (Figures 11-12). That paper presents a set of dynamic filters for estimating the relative roto-translational state and the main parameters of a noncooperative target from an observing chaser satellite during close proximity operations. The proposed different options address a wide range of design possibilities for the architecture of the relative navigation system. All filters are derived from a common, general, core shaped as a dynamic multiplicative extended Kalman filter using dual quaternions. This allows exploiting the advantages of handling the pose (i.e., attitude and position) in a multiplicative fashion, while improving the accuracy in the estimation of the angular and linear relative velocities, as well as enabling the estimation of some meaningful parameters of the target spacecraft (e.g., the ratios of the moments of inertia, position and orientation of the principal axes frame). Moreover, by adopting relative kinematics and dynamics equations in dual quaternions, the inherent coupling of the six degrees-of-freedom motion is addressed with no approximations. All filters take as observations only the noisy pose measurements from an electro-optical device. For each proposed formulation, numerical simulations are carried out to show the behaviour of the filter within a scenario representative of close-range target inspection at conclusion of the mid-range rendezvous.

Plant Atlas 2020 — British and Irish plant conservation statuses

Plant Atlas 2020 is the most comprehensive survey of plants (flowering plants, ferns and charophytes) ever undertaken in Britain and Ireland. It is based on over 30 million records, collected mainly by volunteer recorders of the Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland (BSBI) between 2000 and 2019, as well as previous nationwide surveys undertaken in the 1950s and 1990s. This resource provides the data behind the conservation status tables presented on the Conservation tabs of species’ pages of the Plant Atlas 2020 website (<a href="http://www.plantatlas2020.org">www.plantatlas2020.org</a>).

Dataset of "Thermal Truncation of Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes"

Cyanine dyes are a class of organic, usually cationic molecules containing two nitrogen centers linked through conjugated polymethine chains. Unlike phototruncation, the thermal truncation (chain-shortening) reaction is a phenomenon that has rarely been described for these important fluorophores. Here, we present a systematic investigation of the truncation of heptamethine cyanines (Cy7) to pentamethine (Cy5) and trimethine (Cy3) cyanines via homogeneous, acid-base catalyzed nucleophilic exchange reactions. We demonstrate how different substituents at the C3′ and C4′ positions of the chain and different heterocyclic end groups, the presence of different bases, nucleophiles and oxygen, solvent properties, and temperature affect the truncation process. The mechanism of chain shortening, studied by various analytical and spectroscopic techniques, was verified by extensive ab initio calculation, demonstrating the need to model catalytic reactions by highly correlated wavefunction-based methods. We show that entropic effects control the course of this process. The study provides a critical insight into the reactivity of the polyene chains of cyanines and offers new approaches to the synthesis of meso-substituted symmetrical and unsymmetrical pentamethine cyanines from Cy7 derivatives.

PARAGON 1 - KM2112 - Nitrogen Timecourse Incubations

This dataset contains measurements of nitrogen concentrations collected during the PARAGON 1 expedition (KM2112) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Measurements come from time-course incubation experiments initiated with whole seawater collected at 150 m using trace metal clean techniques and modified with various additions of organic carbon, iron, and/or nitrogen. Samples for measurements of nitrogen concentrations were collected at multiple time points for each experimental biological replicate by subsampling 250 mL aliquots from polycarbonate incubation bottles into high density polyethylene bottles and freezing upright at -20°C until analysis onshore. Nitrate plus nitrite (NO₃⁻ + NO₂⁻) concentrations were measured colorimetrically using segmented flow on a SEAL Autoanalyzer III with a high resolution detector as described by Foreman et al. (2019). Total nitrogen concentrations were measured similarly, following overnight UV oxidation of the sample according to Foreman et al. (2019). NO₂⁻ concentrations were measured using the high sensitivity chemiluminescent method described by Dore and Karl (1996) and Foreman et al. (2016). Ammonium (NH₄⁺) concentrations were determined using the high sensitivity fluorometric method of Holmes et al. (1999). For each analysis, reported values are the average of technical duplicate measurements from each sample. Timestamp is in UTC. Version 2 corrects formatting errors in the timestamp.

PARAGON 1 - KM2112 - Iron Uptake Timecourse Incubations

This dataset contains measurements of rates of dissolved iron (Fe) uptake collected during the PARAGON 1 expedition (KM2112) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Measurements come from time-course incubation experiments initiated with whole seawater collected at 150 m using trace metal clean techniques and modified with various additions of organic carbon, iron, and/or nitrogen. Rates of iron uptake were measured at multiple time points for each experimental biological replicate by subsampling 250 mL aliquots from polycarbonate incubation bottles into new polycarbonate bottles and spiking with a final concentration of 0.4 nmol L⁻¹ ⁵⁵FeCl₃ with a specific activity of 2.74 Ci mmol⁻¹ of Fe (Perkin Elmer). A killed blank measurement was made for each experimental treatment by spiking an additional 250 mL aliquot with a final concentration of 1% glutaraldehyde prior to spiking with ⁵⁵FeCl₃. All aliquots were then incubated in the dark at in situ temperature for 8-10 hours. Incubations were terminated by filtering the entire 250 mL aliquot for each sample through a 0.2 µm polycarbonate filter. In order to remove extracellularly bound Fe, filters were rinsed 3 times with an oxalate wash according to Tang and Morel (2006) followed by three rinses with 0.2 µm filtered seawater. Filters were then transferred to high density polyethylene scintillation vials and submerged in 10 mL of Ultima Gold LLT scintillation cocktail (Perkin Elmer). Radioactivity incorporated into microbial biomass was measured on a TriCarb 4910TR scintillation counter. Values reported are blank-corrected but have not been adjusted for isotope dilution resulting from unlabeled iron present in situ. Timestamp is in UTC. Version 2 corrects formatting errors in the timestamp.

PARAGON 1 - KM2112 - Total Organic Carbon Timecourse Incubations

This dataset contains measurements of total organic carbon concentrations (TOC) collected during the PARAGON 1 expedition (KM2112) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Measurements come from time-course incubation experiments initiated with whole seawater collected at 150 m using trace metal clean techniques and modified with various additions of organic carbon, iron, and/or nitrogen. Samples for measurements of TOC concentrations were collected at multiple time points for each experimental biological replicate by aliquoting 40 mL of whole seawater from polycarbonate incubation bottles into pre-combusted borosilicate vials. Samples were acidified with 27 µL of 12N HCl (Optima grade, Fisher), capped with Teflon-lined silicone septa lids, and stored in the dark at room temperature until analysis on shore. Total organic carbon concentrations were determined by high temperature combustion on a modified Shimadzu TOC analyzer according to Carlson et al. (2010). Timestamp is in UTC. Version 2 corrects formatting errors in the timestamp.

Dataset of "Elucidation of factors shaping reactivity of 5'-deoxyadenosyl – a prominent organic radical in biology"

This study investigates the factors modulating the reactivity of 5'-deoxyadenosyl (5'dAdo•) radical, a potent hydrogen atom abstractor, present in the active sites of radical SAM enzymes, but otherwise undergoing a rapid self-decay in aqueous solution. Here, we compare hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA) reactions between native substrates of radical SAM enzymes and 5'dAdo• in aqueous solution and in two enzymatic microenvironments and reveal that HAA efficiency of 5'dAdo• depends on (i) formation of 5'dAdo• in a pre-ordered complex with a substrate, which attenuates the unfavorable effect of substrate:5'dAdo• complex formation, (ii) hindering the conformational change associated with self-decay by performing the reaction in a tight cavity. The enzymatic cavity, however, does not have a strong effect on the HAA activity of 5'dAdo•. We performed an analysis of HAA performed by 5'dAdo• based on the three-component thermodynamic model incorporating the diagonal effect of the free energy of reaction, and the off-diagonal effect of asynchronicity and frustration. The study is based on the straightforward relationship between the off-diagonal thermodynamic effects and the electronic-structure descriptor – the redistribution of charge between the reactants during the reaction. It allows to access HAA-competent redox and acidobasic properties of 5'dAdo• that are otherwise unavailable due to its instability upon one-electron reduction and protonation. The results show that all reactions feature a favourable thermodynamic driving force and tunneling, the latter of which lowers systematically barriers by ~2 kcal mol-1. In addition, most of the reaction experience a favourable off-diagonal thermodynamic contribution. In HAA reactions, 5'dAdo• acts as a weak oxidant as well as a base, also 5'dAdo•-promoted HAA reactions proceed with quite low degree of asynchronicity of proton and electron transfer. Finally, the study elucidates the crucial and dual role of asynchronicity. It directly lowers the barrier as a part of the off-diagonal thermodynamic contribution, but also indirectly increases the non-thermodynamic part of the barrier by controlling the adiabatic coupling between proton and electron transfer. The latter signals that the reaction proceeds as a hydrogen atom transfer rather than a proton-coupled electron transfer.

PARAGON 1 - KM2112 - Leucine Incorporation Timecourse Incubations

This dataset contains measurements of rates of leucine incorporation as a measure of bacterial production collected during the PARAGON 1 expedition (KM2112) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Measurements come from time-course incubation experiments initiated with whole seawater collected at 150 m using trace metal clean techniques and modified with various additions of organic carbon, iron, and/or nitrogen. Rates of leucine incorporation were measured at multiple time points for each experimental biological replicate by subsampling 1.5 mL aliquots from polycarbonate incubation bottles into 2 mL microcentrifuge tubes (Axygen) and spiking with a final concentration of 20 nmol L⁻¹ leucine with a ³H specific activity of 53.3 Ci mmol⁻¹ of leucine (Perkin Elmer). A killed blank measurement was made for each experimental biological replicate by spiking an additional 1.5 mL aliquot with 100 µL of 100% (w/v) ice-cold trichloroacetic acid (TCA) prior to spiking with ³H-leucine. All aliquots were then incubated in the dark at in situ temperature for 4-6 hours after which live incubations were terminated with the addition of 100 µL of 100% (w/v) ice-cold TCA. Samples were processed at sea using the centrifugation method of Smith and Azam (1992), and radioactivity incorporated into bacterial protein was measured on a TriCarb 4910TR scintillation counter using Ultima Gold LLT scintillation cocktail (Perkin Elmer). Values reported are the blank-corrected averages of triplicate measurements from each sample. Timestamp is in UTC. Version 2 corrects formatting errors in the timestamp.

Data and code of the article: "Early Warning Signals of the Termination of the African Humid Period(s)"

Data and MATLAB Code of the article Trauth, M.H., Asrat, A., Fischer, M.L., Hopcroft, P.O., Foerster, V., Kaboth-Bahr, S., Kindermann, K., Lamb, H.F., Marwan, N., Maslin, M.A., Schaebitz, F., Valdes, P.J. (2024) Early Warning Signals of the Termination of the African Humid Period(s), Nature Communications, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47921-1. The individual directories contain the data and the MATLAB code used to generate Fig. 1 and 2 and Supplementary Fig. 1 to 7 published with the article.

PARAGON 2 - KM2209 - Nitrogen Timecourse Incubations

This dataset contains measurements of nitrogen concentrations collected during the PARAGON 2 expedition (KM2209) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Measurements come from time-course incubation experiments initiated with whole seawater collected at 150 m using trace metal clean techniques and modified with various additions of organic carbon, iron, and/or nitrogen. Samples for measurements of nitrogen concentrations were collected at multiple time points for each experimental biological replicate by subsampling 250 mL aliquots from polycarbonate incubation bottles into high density polyethylene bottles and freezing upright at -20°C until analysis onshore. Nitrate plus nitrite (NO₃⁻ + NO₂⁻) concentrations were measured colorimetrically using segmented flow on a SEAL Autoanalyzer III with a high resolution detector as described by Foreman et al. (2019). Total nitrogen concentrations were measured similarly, following overnight UV oxidation of the sample according to Foreman et al. (2019). NO₂⁻ concentrations were measured using the high sensitivity chemiluminescent method described by Dore and Karl (1996) and Foreman et al. (2016). Ammonium (NH₄⁺) concentrations were determined using the high sensitivity fluorometric method of Holmes et al. (1999). For each analysis, reported values are the average of technical duplicate measurements from each sample. Timestamp is in UTC.