Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2019View details →

Figure 43 in New Freshwater molluscs from Crete, Greece (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae, Bythinellidae, Valvatidae)

Figure 43. Distribution map of Valvata kournasi n. sp. on Crete (red dot).

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2015View details →

Figures 2-6. Sumia macedonica n in New taxa of freshwater snails from Macedonia (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae, Amnicolidae)

Figures 2-6. Sumia macedonica n. sp. 2: Holotype; 3-4: Paratype, 5-6: head with penis in situ.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2014View details →

Figures 23 in New subterranean freshwater gastropods of Montenegro (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae), with description of one new genus and two new species

Figures 23.Iverakia hausdorfin. sp. (holotype). 2 = shell, 3 = aperture from the lateral view.

Direct and indirect estimates of dispersal support strong juvenile philopatry and male-biased dispersal in a freshwater turtle species (Emys orbicularis)

Dispersal has major impacts on population dynamics, population genetics and evolution and is also critical for population management and conservation. Dispersal is frequently sex- and age-specific, but current knowledge is strongly taxonomically biased toward birds and mammals. Here, we provide estimates of dispersal in a threatened freshwater turtle species, the European pond turtle Emys orbicularis. Based on 15 years of Capture-Mark-Recapture (CMR) monitoring and DNA samples from 194 individuals, we quantified both demographic and genetic dispersal between three sites separated by 1.5 to 3.5 km. We also investigated the effect of age and sex on dispersal. Overall, direct (CMR) and indirect (genetic) approaches provided consistent results showing that the studied sites are well connected with a flow of about one to three dozen migrants per generation. Dispersal was both age- and sex-biased in this species, with frequent dispersal of adult males and a strong philopatry of juveniles (of both sexes) and adult females. The strong philopatry of juveniles contrasts with the recurrent higher dispersal rate in young birds and mammals and shows the relevance of investigating dispersal in various taxonomic groups. Our results also provide useful information for the conservation of European pond turtle populations.

Data from: Enigmatic freshwater mussel declines could be explained by the biodiversity-disease relationship

The biodiversity-disease relationship states that increased species richness leads to lower pathogen pressure (i.e., the dilution effect), an effect that erodes with biodiversity loss. However, whether losses of the dilution effect can trigger extinction cascades remains largely unexplored. To explore this idea, we consider declines in freshwater mussels, on average the most threatened non-marine group of organisms in the world. We argue that anthropogenically-stimulated declines in mussel richness amplify pathogens in remaining species. Pathogen amplification triggers further local losses in both mussel abundance and richness, explaining the observed so-called "enigmatic" declines in freshwater mussels. Vulnerable communities could become trapped in cycles of pathogen amplification and host decline. We highlight knowledge gaps and provide key steps to assess the likelihood of this occurring; these key steps are applicable to any host group. Policy implications. Our argument constitutes a testable hypothesis that may explain richness or abundance declines in previously intact communities. We provide further impetus for the consideration and preservation of diversity at a local scale, and show that effective conservation requires integration of both host and parasite ecology.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

Supplementary data to "What are the effects of temperature on plasticity, shape symmetry and seasonal variation in freshwater benthic green microalga Micrasterias thomasiana?"

The supplementary data consist of the files including the landmark coordinates of Micrasterias thomasiana semicells used for the analyses described in the manuscript submitted to Aquatic Ecology. The coordinates are presented in the TPS format.

Data for: Photoperiod effects in a freshwater community: amphibian larvae develop faster and zooplankton abundance increases under an early-season photoperiod

Organisms that shift their phenologies in response to global warming will experience novel photic environments, as photoperiod (daylength) continues to follow the same annual cycle. How different organisms respond to novel photoperiods could result in phenological mismatches and altered interspecific interactions. We conducted an outdoor mesocosm experiment exposing green frog (Rana clamitans) larvae, gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor) larvae, phytoplankton, periphyton, and zooplankton to a three-month shift in photoperiod: an early-season photoperiod (simulating April) and a late-season photoperiod (simulating July). We manipulated photoperiod by covering and uncovering tanks with clear or light-blocking lids to mimic realistic changes in daylength. We assessed amphibian life history traits and measured phytoplankton, periphyton, and zooplankton abundances. Green frog larvae and gray treefrog metamorphs were more developed under the early-season photoperiod. Gray treefrog total length was also reduced, but photoperiod did not affect green frog total length. Although phytoplankton and periphyton abundances were not affected by photoperiod, copepod nauplii were in greater abundance under the early-season photoperiod. Overall, this simplified aquatic community did not exhibit significant changes to structure when exposed to a three-month shift in photoperiod. Temperate amphibians that breed earlier in the year may develop faster, which may have long-term costs to post-metamorphic growth and performance. Asynchronous shifts in zooplankton abundances in response to altered photoperiods could subsequently affect freshwater community structure. While photoperiod has been shown to individually affect freshwater organisms, our study using replicated outdoor wetland communities shows that the comprehensive effects of photoperiod may be less important than other cues such as temperature and precipitation.

Is my model fit for purpose? Validating a population model for predicting freshwater fish responses to flow management

Models based on ecological processes ("process-explicit models") are often used to predict ecosystem responses to environmental changes or management scenarios. However, models are imperfect and need to be validated, ideally by testing their assumptions and outputs against independent empirical data sets. Examples of validation of process-explicit models are rare. Recently, stochastic population models have been developed to predict the likely responses (over 10-120 years) of a riverine fish (golden perch, Macquaria ambigua) to flow management in the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) in eastern Australia, one of the world's most regulated river basins. Declines of golden perch (and other species) are a direct consequence of altered hydrology, and managers require information to predict how fish will respond to possible future hydrological conditions to guide the substantial investments in flow management. Here, we use two independent field data sets to validate our population model. We compared model predictions to observed trends to ask: (1) how do predicted population sizes and growth rates compare to observed data? (2) does the correlation between predicted and observed population sizes and growth rates vary among populations? (3) does the correlation between predicted and observed population sizes and growth rates vary across observed hydrological conditions? and (4) how do modelled and observed fish movement rates compare? We found reasonable correlations between fish population sizes and growth rates as predicted by the model and observed in independent data sets for several populations (Aim 1) but the strength of these correlations varied among populations (Aim 2) and hydrological conditions (Aim 3). Predicted and observed fish movement rates were strongly correlated (Aim 4). Population models are frequently used in conservation decision-making but are rarely validated. We demonstrate that: (1) validation can identify model strengths and weaknesses; (2) observed data sets often have inherent limitations that can preclude robust validations; (3) validation is likely be more common if appropriate observed data sets are available; and (4) validation should consider the purpose of modelling. Wider consideration of these messages would contribute to more critical examinations of models so they can be most appropriately used in conservation decision-making.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

Assessing the Persistence and Mobility of Organic Substances to Protect Freshwater Resources

Supporting Information from Assessing the Persistence and Mobility of Organic Substances to Protect Freshwater Resources

Data from: Estimating potential global sources and secondary spread of freshwater invasions under historical and future climates

Aim: We employ a climate-matching method to evaluate potential source regions of freshwater invasive species to an introduced region and their potential secondary spread under historical and future climates. Location: Global source regions, with primary introductions to the Laurentian Great Lakes and secondary introductions throughout North America Methods: We conducted a climate-match analysis using the CLIMATE algorithm to estimate global source freshwater ecoregions under historical and future climates with an ensemble of general circulation models for climate change scenario SSP5-8.5. Given existing research, we use a climate match of ≥ 71.7% between ecoregions to indicate climatic conditions that will not inhibit the survival of introduced freshwater organisms. Further, we estimate the secondary spread of freshwater invaders to the ecoregions of North America under historical and future climates. Results: We identified 54 global freshwater ecoregions with a climate match ≥ 71.7% to the recipient Laurentian Great Lakes under historical climatic conditions and 11 additional ecoregions were predicted to exceed the threshold under climate change. Three of the 11 ecoregions were located in South America, a continent where no matches existed under historical climates and eight were located in the southern United States, southern Europe, Japan, and New Zealand. Further, we identify 34 North American ecoregions of potential secondary spread of freshwater invasions from the Great Lakes under historical climatic conditions, and five ecoregions were predicted to exceed the threshold under climate change. Main conclusion: We provide a climate-match method that can be employed to assess the sources and spread of freshwater invasions under historical and future climate scenarios. Our climate-match method predicted increases in climate match between the recipient region and several potential source regions, and changes in areas of potential spread under climate change. The identified ecoregions are candidates for detailed biosecurity risk assessments and related management actions. The identified ecoregions are candidates for detailed biosecurity risk assessments and related management actions.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Tidal Effects on Dynamics and Freshwater Transport of a Medium-scale River Plume with Multiple Outlets

Data for submitted paper "Tidal Effects on Dynamics and Freshwater Transport of a Medium-scale River Plume with Multiple Outlets"

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Project BioDyn: compilation of long-term (>20yrs) community timeseries data from terrestrial and freshwater realms

The given dataset was compiled for n=2668 communities (242 study IDs in total, see the metadata file) across terrestrial and freshwater realms (terrestrial birds: n=1259, invertebrates: n=124, plants: n=435, and mammals: n=136, freshwater fish: n=587, invertebrates: n=112, and phytoplankton: n=15). Community timeseries include species-level abundance (or biomass in 15% of cases) and a minimum of 20 years sampled. We have compiled this data and used it for the first time to analyze how community stability and its drivers (species richness, overall synchrony, and tail-dependent synchrony) would differ across realms.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Date set for the manuscript: Exploring the temporal dynamics of methane ebullition in a subtropical freshwater reservoir

The dataset supports the findings of the manuscript entitled ‘Exploring the Temporal Dynamics of Methane Ebullition in a Subtropical Freshwater Reservoir’. The results of the manuscript are based on continuous in-situ measurements conducted at Passaúna Reservoir, located in the southern part of Brazil (South America). The monitoring was carried out from 2017 to 2020, during which a comprehensive set of environmental variables was obtained from various studies. The primary objective of the manuscript was to comprehend the temporal dynamics of ebullition flux in the reservoir. Therefore, time series data of ebullition and relevant environmental variables were analyzed across different time scales, ranging from minutes to daily resolutions. Statistical and data driven models were tested to predict ebullition at varying time scales, considering the influence of environmental variables. The findings are discussed in the manuscript. Here, xlsx files and Matlab scripts are provided. The xlsx files contain time series data for environmental variables ('Environmental_Variables_TimeSeries') and ebullition flux ('Ebullition_Flux_TimeSeries'). Separate sheets were utilized for different time intervals, namely 5 minutes (dt=5min), 10 minutes (dt=10min), 1 hour (dt=1hr), and 1 day (dt=1d). Explanations and units are provided within the column labels, while 'NaN' denotes missing data. Matlab scripts for all the empirical models that were tested, as outlined in the manuscript's supporting information (Tables S1 and S2), have been made available (detailed in the following table). These scripts were developed using MatLab R2023a. <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> File (.m) </td> <td> Description </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Main scripts </td> </tr> <tr> <td> TableS1_Empirical_Models_Literature </td> <td> Empirical models from the literature tested. (Table S1 in the manuscript) </td> </tr> <tr> <td> TableS2_FirstPart_Reffited_Models </td> <td> Empirical models from the literature refitted. (Table S2 in the manuscript) </td> </tr> <tr> <td> TableS2_SecondPart_New_Models </td> <td> New empirical models implemented. (Table S2 in the manuscript) </td> </tr> <tr> <td> TableS2_SecondPart_New_Models_GAM_Timescales </td> <td> Generalized additive models (GAM) applied to predict ebullition at different timescales. (Table S2 in the manuscript). </td> </tr> <tr> <td> PredictedR2_GAM_models </td> <td> Calculate the predicted R-squared for GAM. </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Functions (need for the main scripts) </td> </tr> <tr> <td> load_TimeSeries </td> <td> Import time series of environmental variables from excel sheets into MatLab. </td> </tr> <tr> <td> load_EbullitionTS </td> <td> Import time series of ebullition from excel sheets into MatLab. </td> </tr> <tr> <td> units_description </td> <td> Description containing units of the variables. </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Bin_xdata </td> <td> Creates data binning of X and Y based on X data. </td> </tr> <tr> <td> RelativeError </td> <td> Calculate the relative error of accumulated flux between measured and simulated. </td> </tr> <tr> <td> ANN5Neurons_Retrained_Deshmukh2014 </td> <td> Trained Artificial Neural Network based on the ANN proposed by Deshmukh et al. (2014). </td> </tr> <tr> <td> ANN_Passauna_20Neurons </td> <td> Trained Artificial Neural Network with the addition of more environmental variables. </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>   Financial support The field measurements were financed by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, Grant 02WGR1431A), in the framework of the research project MuDak-WRM (https://www.mudak-wrm.kit.edu). This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001. Tobias Bleninger received productivity stipend from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, grant no. 312211/2020-1, call no. 09/2020). Michael Männich received productivity stipend from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, grant no. 308744/2021-7, call no. 04/2021). Andreas Lorke received financial support from the German Research Foundation (DFG, grant number LO1150/16-1).

Co-design of a citizen science study: unlocking the potential of eDNA for volunteer freshwater monitoring

<ol> <li>Citizen science is increasingly being promoted as a means of gathering more data to help inform the management of ecosystems. Involving the participants in the design of data collection activities is a form of co-design often proposed by those calling for a translational ecology.</li> <li>In addition, novel monitoring approaches have the potential to improve the quality of data collected by citizen scientists. We explored the potential of environmental DNA (eDNA) for vertebrate (mainly fish) species monitoring through a co-designed catchment monitoring strategy. </li> <li>Having been introduced to the potential of eDNA, citizen scientists designed and executed an eDNA-based survey of a small chalk stream catchment to explore questions of concern.</li> <li>The eDNA monitoring approach provided data about fish and other vertebrate diversity in the catchment which would have otherwise required sampling approaches difficult for citizen scientists. These data give a preliminary answer to some of the citizen scientists' priority questions and are comparable to fish data collected through traditional electrofishing surveys.</li> <li>Recommendations are offered for co-design and the use of novel research techniques by citizen scientists.</li> </ol>

Data from: Freshwater fishes maintain multi-trait phenotypic stability across an environmental gradient in aqueous calcium

Reductions in a limiting nutrient might be expected to necessitate compromises in the functional traits that depend on that nutrient; yet populations existing in locations with low levels of such nutrients often do not show the expected degradation of functional traits. Indeed, we previously found that fish of three species, Logperch (Percina caprodes),Pumpkinseed Sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus), and Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) residing in low-calcium water in the Upper St. Lawrence River nevertheless maintained levels of scale calcium comparable to those of conspecific populations in high-calcium water. However, it remains possible that the maintenance of one functional trait under nutrient-limited conditions could come at the expense of maintaining other functional traits that depend on that same nutrient. Hence, we here extend prior work by examining other calcium-dependent traits: skeletal element sizes and bone densities in the same fish species in the same area. Using radiographs of 101 fish from the three species across four locations (two in high-calcium water and two in low-calcium water), we document multi-trait "homeostasis" along the gradient of water calcium. That is, we did not detect any effect of calcium regime (low-calcium versus high-calcium) on any of the measured variables. Further, effect sizes for the skeletal traits were very low – lower even than effect sizes previously documented for scale calcium. Our results thus show that native fishes maintain phenotype stability across a suite of functional traits linked to calcium regulation, perhaps pointing to an "organismal-level homeostasis" scenario rather than a "trait-level homeostasis" scenario.

Erosional exhumation of carbonate rock facilitates dispersal-mediated allopatric speciation in freshwater fishes

A fundamental goal of evolutionary biology is to understand the mechanisms that generate and maintain biodiversity. Discovery and delimitation of species represent essential prerequisites for such investigations. We investigate a freshwater fish species complex comprising Etheostoma bellator and the endangered E. chermocki which is endemic to the Black Warrior River system in Alabama, USA, a global hotspot of temperate freshwater biodiversity. Phylogenomic analyses delimit five geographically disjunct species masquerading as E. bellator. Three of these new species exhibit microendemic distributions comparable to that of E. chermocki raising the possibility that they also require protection. The species of the complex are found in streams flowing over carbonate rock and they are separated by waterways flowing over siliciclastic rock, a geographic pattern dictated by the underlying stratigraphy and structural geology. Over time, rivers have eroded downward through layers of siliciclastic rocks in the basin, gradually exposing underlying carbonate rock, the substrate of suitable habitat today. Our results suggest that episodic dispersal to patches of suitable habitat set the stage for allopatric speciation in the species complex. Our study suggests that the presence of heterogeneous rock can facilitate dispersal-mediated allopatric speciation in freshwater organisms in the absence of external tectonic or climatic perturbations.

Data from: Macroecological predictors of evolutionary and plastic potential do not apply at microgeographic scales for a freshwater Cladoceran under climate change

Rapid evolutionary adaptation could reduce the negative impacts of climate change if sufficient heritability of key traits exists under future climate conditions. Plastic responses to climate change could also reduce negative impacts. Understanding which populations are likely to respond via evolution or plasticity could therefore improve estimates of extinction risk. A large body of research suggests that the evolutionary and plastic potential of a population can be predicted by the degree of spatial and temporal climatic variation it experiences. However, we know little about the scale at which these relationships apply. Here, we test if spatial and temporal variation in temperature affect genetic variation and plasticity of fitness and a key thermal tolerance trait (critical thermal maximum; CTmax) at microgeographic scales using a metapopulation of Daphnia magna. Specifically, we ask if: (1) there is microgeographic adaptation of CTmax and fitness to differences in temperature among the pools, (2) pools with greater temporal temperature variation have more genetic variation or plasticity in CTmax or fitness, and (3) increases in temperature affect the heritability of CTmax and fitness. Although we observed genetic variation and plasticity in CTmax and fitness, and differences in fitness among pools, we did not find support for the predicted relationships between temperature variation and genetic variation or plasticity. Furthermore, the genetic variation and plasticity we observed in CTmax is unlikely sufficient to reduce the impacts of climate change. CTmax plasticity was minimal and heritability was 72% lower when D. magna developed at the higher temperatures predicted under climate change. In contrast, the heritability of fitness increased by 53% under warmer temperatures suggesting an increase in overall evolutionary potential unrelated to CTmax under climate change. More research is needed to understand evolutionary and plastic potential under climate change and how that potential will be altered in future climates.

opencc-by-4.0May 2019View details →

FIGURE 7 Girardia tigrina from Liguria. A in The invasive alien freshwater FLatworm Girardia tigrina (Girard, 1850) (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) in Western Europe: new insights into its morphology, karyology and reproductive biology

FIGURE 7 Girardia tigrina from Liguria. A. Metaphasic plate; B. Karyogram.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

A global synthesis and meta-analysis of the environmental heterogeneity effects on the freshwater biodiversity

In this study, we aimed to synthesize the global knowledge about the relationship between spatial Environmental Heterogeneity (EH) and freshwater biodiversity (i.e., taxonomic and functional diversity, and their respective α and β components). Through a systematic review, we integrated results from 98 studies, published in 33 different countries, about the role of spatial EH – biodiversity relationship in freshwater ecosystems. Following the PRISMA-ecoevol criteria, we generated a dataset with 276 observations of the effect of EH – biodiversity relationship. For the meta-analysis, we extracted the effect size from 74 studies that effectively tested the effect of EH over any metric of biodiversity. Through this subset, we provided 242 individual effect sizes with their respective variances and sample sizes.