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Figs 73-81 in Australian Dragonfly (Odonata) Larvae: Descriptive history and identification

Figs 73-81. Final instar larvae of Australian Libelluloidea of genera incertae sedis: (73) Archaeophya adamsi; (74) Cordulephya pygmaea; (75) Apocordulia macrops; (76) Austrocordulia leonardi; (77) Austrophya mystica; (78)?Austrophya sp.; (79) Hesperocordulia berthoudi; (80) Lathrocordulia metallica; (81) Micromidia convergens.

Figs 13-24 in Australian Dragonfly (Odonata) Larvae: Descriptive history and identification

Figs 13-24. Final instar larvae/exuviae of Australian Anisoptera: (13, 14) Austropetaliidae: (13) Archipetalia auriculata; (14) Austropetalia patricia; (15-23) Aeshnidae: (15) Adversaeschna brevistyla; (16) Anax gibbosulus; (17) Austrogynacantha heterogena; (18) Dendroaeschna conspersa; (19) Acanthaeschna victoria; (20) Austroaeschna (Pulchaeschna) muelleri; (21) Austrophlebia costalis; (22) Spinaeschna tripunctata; (23) Telephlebia brevicauda; 24) Petalura hesperia (Petaluridae).

Map 1 in Australian Dragonfly (Odonata) Larvae: Descriptive history and identification

Map 1. The regions of Australia referred to in text and table (from Watson et al. (1991). SWA = south-western Australia; SES = south-eastern South Australia; VIC = Victoria; TAS = Tasmania; SEN = south-eastern New South Wales; NEN = north-eastern New South Wales; SEQ = south-eastern Queensland; NEQ = north-eastern Queensland; CY = Cape York Peninsula; NNT = top end of Northern Territory; KIM = Kimberley region; NWA = north-western Australia; IN = inland New South Wales; SIQ = southern inland Queensland; NIQ = northern inland Queensland; IA = inland Australia.

Figs 1-12 in Australian Dragonfly (Odonata) Larvae: Descriptive history and identification

Figs 1-12. Final instar larvae of Australian Zygoptera: (1) Hemiphlebia mirabilis (Hemiphlebiidae); (2) Synlestes weyersii (Synlestidae); (3) Austrolestes annulosus (Lestidae); (4) Diphlebia euphoeoides (Lestoideidae); (5-8) Argiolestidae: (5) Archiargiolestes parvulus; (6) Austroargiolestes icteromelas; (7) Griseargiolestes griseus; (8) Miniargiolestes minimus; (9) Austrosticta soror (Isostictidae); (10) Nososticta pilbara (Platycnemididae); (11, 12) Coenagrionidae: (11) Caliagrion billinghursti; (12) Ischnura heterosticta.

Figs 61-72 in Australian Dragonfly (Odonata) Larvae: Descriptive history and identification

Figs 61-72. Final instar larvae of Australian Libellulidae: (61) Nannophya sp. (from Barcaldine); (62) Neurothemis stigmatizans; (63) Orthetrum caledonicum; (64) Pantala flavescens; (65) Potamarcha congener; (66) Rhodothemis lieftincki; (67) Rhyothemis princeps; (68) Tetrathemis irregularis; (69) Tholymis tillarga; (70) Tramea stenoloba; (71) Urothemis aliena; (72) Zyxomma elgneri.

Figure 95 in Australian Dragonfly (Odonata) Larvae: Descriptive history and identification

Figure 95. Accumulation curve illustrating the increase in descriptive information for Australian odonate larvae between 1880 and 2014.

Figs 49-60 in Australian Dragonfly (Odonata) Larvae: Descriptive history and identification

Figs 49-60. Final instar larvae of Australian Libellulidae: (49) Aethriamanta nymphaeae; (50) Agrionoptera longitudinalis; (51) Austrothemis nigrescens; (52) Brachydiplax denticauda; (53) Camacinia gigantea; (54) Crocothemis nigrifrons; (55) Diplacodes haematodes; (56) Huonia melvillensis; (57) Hydrobasisleus brevistylus; (58) Macrodiplax cora; (59) Nannodiplax rubra; (60) Nannophlebia risi.

Map 2 in Australian Dragonfly (Odonata) Larvae: Descriptive history and identification

Map 2. Map of eastern Australia showing relevant localities (from Watson & Theischinger (1984). NSW = New South Wales; NT = Northern Territory; QLD = Queensland; SA = South Australia; VIC = Victoria; 1 = Paluma Range; 2 = Eungella; 3 = Carnarvon Gorge; 4 = Barrington Tops; 5 = Blue Mountains; 6 = Canberra. The PalumaEungella gap (marked with +, ca. 19ºS) spans between 1 and 2.

Figure 6 in Written in stone: history of serpulid polychaetes through time

Figure 6. Outline of geological history of calcareous polychaetes and some convergent tube-dwelling taxa ("pseudoserpulids") during the Phanerozoic. A – Cloudina hartmannae Germs, 1972, SEM, Late Ediacaran (549-542 Ma), China (after Hua et al., 2005: fig. 1A). B – Cornulites sp., Early Ordovician (485-470 Ma), Estonia (after Vinn, 2013a: fig. 8). C – microconchoid Palaeoconchus tenuis (Sowerby in Murchison, 1839), Silurian (Wenlockian; 433-427 Ma), England (after Vinn, 2006: fig. 4). Scale: A – 3 mm, B – 0.5 mm, C – 1 mm.

Figure 5 in Written in stone: history of serpulid polychaetes through time

Figure 5. Ultrastructural diversity of fossil serpulids and some typical "pseudoserpulids". A-C: ultrastructures of most characteristic pseudoserpulids: A – Cloudina sinensis Zhang et al. in Ding et al., 1992, showing microgranular structure; Late Ediacaran (549-542 Ma), China (after Feng et al., 2003: fig. 1b). B – microconchoid Palaeoconchus tenuis (Sowerby in Murchison, 1839), Silurian (Wenlockian; 433-427 Ma), England (after Vinn, 2006: fig. 4). C – microconchoid Punctaconchus ampliporus Vinn et Taylor, 2007, surface showing pores; Middle Jurassic (Bathonian, 168-166 Ma), U.K. (after Vinn and Taylor, 2007: fig. A 2). D-I: ultrastructures of fossil serpulids: D – 'Serpula' etalensis (Piette, 1856), longitudinal section of irregularly oriented prismatic structure (IOP); Early Jurassic, Late Pliensbachian (~185 Ma), eastern Germany (after Vinn et al., 2008c: fig. 1D). E – Rotularia spirulaea (Lamarck, 1818), longitudinal section of homogeneous angular crystal structure? (HAC); Eocene (56-34 Ma) of Doss Trento, Northern Italy. F – Protula sp., cross section of semi-ordered irregularly oriented prismatic structure (SOIOP); Tongrian, Late Eocene (~35 Ma), Latdorf, North Germany (after Vinn, 2007: fig. 3.1, detail). G – Propomatoceros sp., outer tube layer, spherulitic prismatic structure (SPHP); Middle Volgian (~148 Ma), Samara region, Russia. H – Placostegus polymorphus Rovereto, 1895, cross section of simple prismatic structure (SP); Badenian (~15 Ma), Miocene, Ehrenhausen, Styria, Austria (after Vinn, 2007: fig. 1.5, detail). I – Spiraserpula sp., oblique section of lamello-fibrillar structure (LF); Badenian (~15 Ma), Miocene, Nussdorf, Vienna, Austria (after Vinn, 2007: fig. 4.5).

Figure 3 in Written in stone: history of serpulid polychaetes through time

Figure 3. Ultrastructural diversity of Recent serpulid tubes. A-E: isotropic structures: A – Serpula crenata Ehlers, 1908, inner tube layer, cross section of irregularly oriented prismatic structure (IOP), B – Pseudovermilia madracicola ten Hove, 1989, cross section of spherulitic irregularly oriented prismatic structure (SIOP) (after Vinn et al., 2008b: fig. 2A), C – Neovermilia falcigera (Roule, 1898), cross section of irregularly oriented platy structure (IOPL), D – Laminatubus alvini ten Hove et Zibrowius, 1986, cross section of homogeneous angular crystal structure (HAC), E – Pomatostegus stellatus (Abildgaard, 1789), cross section of homogeneous rounded crystal structure (HRC) (after Vinn et al., 2008b: fig. 3E), F, G: semi-oriented structures: F – Protula diomedeae Benedict, 1887, cross section of semi-ordered irregularly oriented prismatic structure (SOIOP) (after Vinn, 2007: fig. 5.5), G – Pyrgopolon ctenactis Mörch, 1863, outer tube layer, cross section of semi-ordered spherulitic irregularly oriented prismatic structure (SOSIOP) (after Vinn, 2007: fig. 7.4), H, I and M-O: oriented prismatic structures: H – Spiraserpula caribensis Pillai et ten Hove, 1994, outer tube layer, longitudinal section of spherulitic prismatic structure (SPHP) (after Vinn, 2007: fig. 6.5), I – Vitreotubus digeronimoi Zibrowius, 1979, longitudinal section of simple prismatic structure (SP) (after Vinn et al., 2008b: fig. 5B, enlarged), J-L: oriented complex structures: J – Hydroides dianthus Verrill, 1873, third layer from outside, longitudinal section of lamello-fibrillar structure (LF) (after Vinn, 2008: fig. 4.5), K – Floriprotis sabiuraensis Uchida, 1978, inner layer, cross section of spherulitic lamello-fibrillar structure (SLF), L – Spirobranchus giganteus (Pallas, 1766), outer layer, longitudinal section of ordered fibrillar structure (OF) (after Vinn et al., 2008b: fig. 6B), M-O – Ditrupa arietina (O. F. Müller, 1776), regularly ridged prismatic structure (RRP): M – tube external surface, etched with 1% acetic acid for 30 sec (after Vinn et al., 2008d: fig. 3F), N – external tube layer, longitudinal section, O – lateral surface of a RRP structure prism with ridges (after Vinn et al., 2008d: fig. 4A).

Figure 1. A in Written in stone: history of serpulid polychaetes through time

Figure 1. A hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships within Serpulidae (a Bayesian majority rule consensus phylogram of the combined 18S and 28S rDNA serpulid sequence data; modified from Kupriyanova et al., 2009). Nodes with posterior probabilities of 1.0 are indicated by "*".

Figure 4 in Written in stone: history of serpulid polychaetes through time

Figure 4. Schematic presentation of serpulid tube ultrastructures (from Vinn et al., 2008b). A – irregularly oriented prismatic (IOP) structure. B – spherulitic irregularly oriented prismatic (SIOP) structure. C – irregularly oriented platy (IOPL) structure. D – homogeneous angular crystal (HAC) structure. E – rounded homogeneous crystal (RHC) structure. F – semi-ordered irregularly oriented prismatic (SOIOP) structure. G – semi-ordered spherulitic irregularly oriented prismatic (SOSIOP) structure. H – spherulitic prismatic (SPHP) structure. I – simple prismatic (SP) structure. J – lamellofibrillar (LF) structure. K – spherulitic lamello-fibrillar (SLF) structure. L – ordered fibrillar (OF) structure. Regularly ridged prismatic structure (RRP, see fig. 3 M-O) is similar to SP structure. Abbreviations: H: horizontal section; L: longitudinal section; T: transverse section.

Figure 9 in Written in stone: history of serpulid polychaetes through time

Figure 9. Geological history of calcareous tube-building polychaetes in Mesozoic and Cenozoic suggested by fossil record. Only the most common serpulid genera and those from the phylogenetic tree (fig. 1) are included. For legend see Figure 6. Major events: 1 – most ancient finds of cirratulids with calcified tubes; 2 – the youngest possible position of "coiling point" in spirorbins; 3 – first finds of calcified opercula in several serpulid lineages; 4 – penetration of serpulids to freshwater cave habitat.

FIG. 7. — A in The culture collection of cyanobacteria and microalgae at the French National Museum of Natural History: a century old but still alive and kicking! Including in memoriam: Professor Alain Couté

FIG. 7. — A, geographical distribution of cyanobacterial strains isolated around the world; B, strains isolated in the different administrative districts of France (metropolitan and overseas). Number of cyanobacterial strains in black, number of eukaryotic strains in blue. Strains isolated in France represent 58.0 % and 98.4 % of cyanobacterial and eukaryotic strains, respectively, in the collection.

FIG. 10 in The culture collection of cyanobacteria and microalgae at the French National Museum of Natural History: a century old but still alive and kicking! Including in memoriam: Professor Alain Couté

FIG. 10. — Culture of Onychonema filiforme (MNHN-ALCP-0000-086.1): A, from the 1948 catalogue of the algotheca (photo: R. Lami); B, the same culture observed in 2021 (photo: M. Jarno).

FIG. 5 in The culture collection of cyanobacteria and microalgae at the French National Museum of Natural History: a century old but still alive and kicking! Including in memoriam: Professor Alain Couté

FIG. 5. — Relative abundances of the different orders among the 1010 live strains represented in the cyanobacteria collection (left) and of the different phyla among the 345 live strains represented in the eukaryotic microalgae collection (right).

FIG. 6 in The culture collection of cyanobacteria and microalgae at the French National Museum of Natural History: a century old but still alive and kicking! Including in memoriam: Professor Alain Couté

FIG. 6. — Morphological diversity of cyanobacterial strains:A, B, Pseudochroococcus couteii (MNHN-PMC-2014-885); C, D, Planktothrix agardhii (MNHN-PMC-2002-75); E, F, Aphanizomenon gracile (MNHN-PMC-2010-627); G, H, Haloleptolyngbya elongata (MNHN-PMC-2015-895). Abbreviations: ae, aerotope; cc, cross-walls; cy, cyanophycin granules; cw, cell wall; mu, mucilage; r, reserves; s, sheath; tz, transparent zone; t, thylakoids. A, C, E, G: light microscopy; B, D, F, H: TEM micrographs. Scale bars: A, C, E, G, 10 µm; B, D, F, H, 500 nm.

FIG. 4 in The culture collection of cyanobacteria and microalgae at the French National Museum of Natural History: a century old but still alive and kicking! Including in memoriam: Professor Alain Couté

FIG. 4. — Emission spectra produced by Cool Daylight FLUO MAZDA (red) and White LEDs SLV (blue), both at a 85 μmol.m-2.s-1 (PAR) irradiance.

FIG. 1 in The culture collection of cyanobacteria and microalgae at the French National Museum of Natural History: a century old but still alive and kicking! Including in memoriam: Professor Alain Couté

FIG. 1. — From left to right: Pierre Allorge (1891-1944), Marcel Lefèvre (1897-1975) & Pierre Bourrelly (1910-1995).