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FIGURE 6. Garra birostris. CNR13037, 80.7 in A review of the genus Garra Hamilton 1822 of Bhutan, including the descriptions of two new species and three additional records (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)

FIGURE 6. Garra birostris. CNR13037, 80.7 mm SL; Bhutan: Samdrup Jongkhar Dzongkhag: Tikrikhola, D.B. Gurung & R.J. Thoni, October 20, 2013.

FIGURE 4. Live specimen Garra bimaculacauda. Holotype. NBC 15184, 66.2 in A review of the genus Garra Hamilton 1822 of Bhutan, including the descriptions of two new species and three additional records (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)

FIGURE 4. Live specimen Garra bimaculacauda. Holotype. NBC 15184, 66.2 mm SL; Bhutan, Zhemgang Dzongkhag, near Panbang, R.J. Thoni & D.B. Gurung, October, 2013.

FIGURE 2. Live specimen Garra arupi. CNR 11063, 66.4 in A review of the genus Garra Hamilton 1822 of Bhutan, including the descriptions of two new species and three additional records (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)

FIGURE 2. Live specimen Garra arupi. CNR 11063, 66.4 mm SL; Bhutan: Dagana Dzongkhag: Serichhu near confluence with Punatsangchhu, R.J. Thoni & D.B. Gurung, September, 2013.

FIGURE 3. Garra bimaculacauda. Holotype. NBC 15184, 66.2 in A review of the genus Garra Hamilton 1822 of Bhutan, including the descriptions of two new species and three additional records (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)

FIGURE 3. Garra bimaculacauda. Holotype. NBC 15184, 66.2 mm SL; Bhutan: Zhemgang Dzongkhag, near Panbang Town, R.J. Thoni & D.B. Gurung, October, 2013.

FIGURE 1. Garra arupi. CNR 11066, 72.3 in A review of the genus Garra Hamilton 1822 of Bhutan, including the descriptions of two new species and three additional records (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)

FIGURE 1. Garra arupi. CNR 11066, 72.3 mm SL; Bhutan: Dagana Dzongkhag: Serichhu near confluence with Punatsangchhu, R.J. Thoni & D.B. Gurung, September, 2013.

FIGURES 29–35 in Thitarodes namnai sp. nov. and T. caligophilus sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), hosts of the economically important entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis in Bhutan

FIGURES 29–35. Thitarodes caligophilus, genitalia: 29–31. caudal, 32–35. latero-caudal view; 29. & 32. holotype, male, label 10027; 30. & 33. paratype, male, label 10025; 31. & 34. paratype, male, label 100026; 35. paratype, female, label 10028.

FIGURES 1–5 in Thitarodes namnai sp. nov. and T. caligophilus sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), hosts of the economically important entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis in Bhutan

FIGURES 1–5. Thitarodes namnai: 1. holotype, male, label 10005; 2. & 3. holotype genitalia in caudal (2) and laterocaudal (3) view; 4. paratype, female, label 10010; 5. female paratype genitalia.

FIGURES 25–28 in Thitarodes namnai sp. nov. and T. caligophilus sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), hosts of the economically important entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis in Bhutan

FIGURES 25–28. Thitarodes caligophilus: 25. holotype, male, label 10027; 26. paratype, female, label 10028; 27. paratype, male, label 10025; 28. paratype, male, label 100026.

FIGURES 6–13 in Thitarodes namnai sp. nov. and T. caligophilus sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), hosts of the economically important entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis in Bhutan

FIGURES 6–13. Thitarodes namnai: 6–10. paratypes males; 6. label 10001; 7. label 10006; 8. label 10007; 9. label 10008; 10. label 10009; 11–13. paratypes females; 11. label 10002; 12. label 10003; 13. label 10004.

FIGURES 14–23 in Thitarodes namnai sp. nov. and T. caligophilus sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), hosts of the economically important entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis in Bhutan

FIGURES 14–23. Thitarodes namnai, male genitalia, paratypes: 14–18. caudal view; 19–23. latero-caudal view; 14. & 19. label 10001; 15. & 20. label 10006; 16. & 21. label 10007; 17. & 22. label 10008; 18. & 23. label 10009.

Subspecies and Distribution. C. a. alpinus Pallas, 1811 — C Russia and W China southward through India to Bhutan and Bangladesh. C. a. hesperius Afanas'ev & Zolotarev, 1935 — E Russia, China, and SE Asia. C. a. sumatrensis Hardwicke, 1821 — Sumatra and Java. in Canidae

Subspecies and Distribution. C. a. alpinus Pallas, 1811 — C Russia and W China southward through India to Bhutan and Bangladesh. C. a. hesperius Afanas'ev & Zolotarev, 1935 — E Russia, China, and SE Asia. C. a. sumatrensis Hardwicke, 1821 — Sumatra and Java.

Subspecies and Distribution. H. e. edwardsii Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818 — SE India and Sri Lanka. H. e. carnaticus Wroughton, 1921 — SW India (Karnatka). H. e. moerens Wroughton, 1915 — Bangladesh, Bhutan, C & NE India, and Nepal. H. e. montanus Bechthold, 1936 — Saudi Arabia to NW India. H. e. pallens Ryley, 1914 — W India (Gujarat). A few old museum specimens are reported from Peninsular Malaysia, whereit is said to have been introduced, butit has not been recorded there since the beginning of the 20" century. in Herpestidae

Subspecies and Distribution. H. e. edwardsii Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818 — SE India and Sri Lanka. H. e. carnaticus Wroughton, 1921 — SW India (Karnatka). H. e. moerens Wroughton, 1915 — Bangladesh, Bhutan, C & NE India, and Nepal. H. e. montanus Bechthold, 1936 — Saudi Arabia to NW India. H. e. pallens Ryley, 1914 — W India (Gujarat). A few old museum specimens are reported from Peninsular Malaysia, whereit is said to have been introduced, butit has not been recorded there since the beginning of the 20" century.

Distribution. SW Asia from Iraq and Iran to Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, and Bhutan; also Bangladesh, Myanmar and S China (including Hainan I). Introduced to Antigua, Barbados, Beef Island, Buck Island, Carriacou, Croatia, Cuba, Fiji, French Guiana, Goat Island, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Hawaii, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Japan, Jost Van Dyke, La Desirade, Lavango, Mafia (Tanzania), Marie Galante, Martinique, Maui, Mauritius, Molokai, Nevis, Oahu, Puerto Rico, St. Croix, St. John, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Thomas, St. Vincent, Surinam, Tortola, Trinidad, Vieques, and Water Island. Introduction was unsuccessful in the Dominican Republic. The Small Indian Mongoose or the Javan Mongoose is said to occur on Hong Kong since the 1980s, and to have been also introduced to some Indonesian islands (particularly Ambon). in Herpestidae

Distribution. SW Asia from Iraq and Iran to Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, and Bhutan; also Bangladesh, Myanmar and S China (including Hainan I). Introduced to Antigua, Barbados, Beef Island, Buck Island, Carriacou, Croatia, Cuba, Fiji, French Guiana, Goat Island, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Hawaii, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Japan, Jost Van Dyke, La Desirade, Lavango, Mafia (Tanzania), Marie Galante, Martinique, Maui, Mauritius, Molokai, Nevis, Oahu, Puerto Rico, St. Croix, St. John, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Thomas, St. Vincent, Surinam, Tortola, Trinidad, Vieques, and Water Island. Introduction was unsuccessful in the Dominican Republic. The Small Indian Mongoose or the Javan Mongoose is said to occur on Hong Kong since the 1980s, and to have been also introduced to some Indonesian islands (particularly Ambon).

Subspecies and Distribution. A. f. fulgens Cuvier, 1825 — E Himalayas in Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sikkim; China (S & SE Xizang & NW Yunnan), NE India (Meghalaya), and N Myanmar. A. f. styani Thomas, 1902 — China (W Sichuan & N Yunnan). in Ailuridae

Subspecies and Distribution. A. f. fulgens Cuvier, 1825 — E Himalayas in Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sikkim; China (S & SE Xizang & NW Yunnan), NE India (Meghalaya), and N Myanmar. A. f. styani Thomas, 1902 — China (W Sichuan & N Yunnan).

Subspecies and Distribution. P. l. larvata C. E. H. Smith, 1827 — China (and Taiwan & Hainan Is), Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. P. l. annectens Robinson & Kloss, 1917 — Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand. P. l. grayi Bennett, 1835 — Bhutan, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. P. l. leucocephala Gray 1865 — Borneo. P. l. leucomystax Gray, 1837 — Sumatra. P. l. tytlerii Tytler, 1864 — Andaman Is. A possible sighting in western Java in 1993; however, there are no other records for this island. Introduced to Japan. in Viverridae

Subspecies and Distribution. P. l. larvata C. E. H. Smith, 1827 — China (and Taiwan & Hainan Is), Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. P. l. annectens Robinson & Kloss, 1917 — Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand. P. l. grayi Bennett, 1835 — Bhutan, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. P. l. leucocephala Gray 1865 — Borneo. P. l. leucomystax Gray, 1837 — Sumatra. P. l. tytlerii Tytler, 1864 — Andaman Is. A possible sighting in western Java in 1993; however, there are no other records for this island. Introduced to Japan.

Subspecies and Distribution. V. i. indica Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803 — S peninsular India. V. i. atchinensis Sody, 1931 — Sumatra. V. i. baliensis Sody, 1931 — Bali. V. i. baptistae Pocock, 1933 — Bangladesh to NE India (Assam), and Bhutan. V. i. deserti Bonhote, 1898 — Pakistan through C India to Nepal. V. i. klossi Pocock, 1933 — Malaysia. V. i. mayori Pocock, 1933 — Sri Lanka. V. i. muriavensis Sody, 1931 — Java. V.i. taivana Schwarz, 1911 — Taiwan. V.i. thai Kloss, 1919 — Myanmar and Thailand through Indochina to China. V. i. wellsi Pocock, 1933 — NW India. It has been introduced to Madagascar, Zanzibar Island, the Comoro Islands, and Socotra Island for the production of civet or to be used as rat catchers; its presence on some of the Indonesian islands (Bali, Bawean, Kangean, Lombok, and Sumbawa) could also have resulted from introductions. in Viverridae

Subspecies and Distribution. V. i. indica Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803 — S peninsular India. V. i. atchinensis Sody, 1931 — Sumatra. V. i. baliensis Sody, 1931 — Bali. V. i. baptistae Pocock, 1933 — Bangladesh to NE India (Assam), and Bhutan. V. i. deserti Bonhote, 1898 — Pakistan through C India to Nepal. V. i. klossi Pocock, 1933 — Malaysia. V. i. mayori Pocock, 1933 — Sri Lanka. V. i. muriavensis Sody, 1931 — Java. V.i. taivana Schwarz, 1911 — Taiwan. V.i. thai Kloss, 1919 — Myanmar and Thailand through Indochina to China. V. i. wellsi Pocock, 1933 — NW India. It has been introduced to Madagascar, Zanzibar Island, the Comoro Islands, and Socotra Island for the production of civet or to be used as rat catchers; its presence on some of the Indonesian islands (Bali, Bawean, Kangean, Lombok, and Sumbawa) could also have resulted from introductions.

Subspecies and Distribution. U. t. thibetanus Cuvier, 1823 — Nepal, NE India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam. U. t. formosanus Swinhoe, 1864 — Taiwan. U. t. gedrosianus Blanford, 1877 — SE Iran, C & S Pakistan. U. t. japonicus Schlegel, 1857 — Japan. U. t. laniger Pocock, 1932 — Himalayas from Afghanistan to N India (Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh & Uttarakhand). U. t. mupinensis Heude, 1901 — C & S China. U. t. ussuricus Heude, 1901 — Russian Far East, NE China, Korean Peninsula. in Ursidae

Subspecies and Distribution. U. t. thibetanus Cuvier, 1823 — Nepal, NE India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam. U. t. formosanus Swinhoe, 1864 — Taiwan. U. t. gedrosianus Blanford, 1877 — SE Iran, C & S Pakistan. U. t. japonicus Schlegel, 1857 — Japan. U. t. laniger Pocock, 1932 — Himalayas from Afghanistan to N India (Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh & Uttarakhand). U. t. mupinensis Heude, 1901 — C & S China. U. t. ussuricus Heude, 1901 — Russian Far East, NE China, Korean Peninsula.

Subspecies and Distribution. M. u. wrsinus Shaw, 1791 — India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh. M. u. inornatus Pucheran, 1855 — Sri Lanka. in Ursidae

Subspecies and Distribution. M. u. wrsinus Shaw, 1791 — India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh. M. u. inornatus Pucheran, 1855 — Sri Lanka.

Subspecies and Distribution. P. p. pardicolor Hodgson, 1842 — Bhutan, NE India, N Myanmar, and Nepal. P. p. presina Thomas, 1925 — Cambodia, S China, Laos, N Thailand, and Vietnam. in Prionodonotidae

Subspecies and Distribution. P. p. pardicolor Hodgson, 1842 — Bhutan, NE India, N Myanmar, and Nepal. P. p. presina Thomas, 1925 — Cambodia, S China, Laos, N Thailand, and Vietnam.

Subspecies and Distribution. A. c. cinereus Illiger, 1815 — S & SE China (including Hainan), Mainland SE Asia, Philippines (Palawan), Borneo, Sumatra, and Java. A. c. concolor Rafinesque, 1832 — Sub-Himalan zone in Nepal, Bhutan, NE India, N Myanmar, and SW China. A. c. nirnai Pocock, 1940 — SW India. in Mustelidae

Subspecies and Distribution. A. c. cinereus Illiger, 1815 — S & SE China (including Hainan), Mainland SE Asia, Philippines (Palawan), Borneo, Sumatra, and Java. A. c. concolor Rafinesque, 1832 — Sub-Himalan zone in Nepal, Bhutan, NE India, N Myanmar, and SW China. A. c. nirnai Pocock, 1940 — SW India.