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Fig. 11 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 11. Dalmanellid brachiopods from the Kuldiga Formation of the Porkuni Regional Stage, Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician), East Baltic, western Latvia A–D, F–I) and southwestern Estonia (E). A, B, D, H, I. Onniella sp. A. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-66, Aispute-41, depth 1001.15 m, exterior view. B. Ventral valve, LDM 382-50, Dižrungi-17, 896.0 m, ventral view. D. Shell, GIT 542-471, Riekstini-15, 860.85, dorsal (D 1), ventral (D 2), and lateral (D 3) views. H. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-480, Krjukai, 968.6 m, dorsal exterior view. I. Shell, GIT 542-472, Kandava-26, 964.5 m, ventral (I 1) and dorsal (I 2) views. C, E, F. Draborthis cf. caelebs Marek and Havliček, 1967. C. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-392, Riekstini-15, 857.5, interior view. E. Dorsal valve, GIT 542- 67, Ruhnu-500, 914.0 m, exterior view. F. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-4393, Mežmali-16, 913.2 m, interior view. G. Drabovia sp., dorsal valve, GIT 542-473, Mežmali-16, 910.1 m, interior view. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 5 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 5. Leptostrophiid brachiopod Eostropheodonta hirnantensis (M`Coy, 1851) from the Kuldiga Formation of the Porkuni Regional Stage, Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician), East Baltic, western Latvia. A. Ventral valve, GIT 542-316, Riekstini-15, depth 850.3 m, ventral exterior view. B. Ventral valve, GIT 542-333, Riekstini-15, 854.0 m, fragment of valve with ornament (B 1) and exterior view (B 2). C. Juvenile specimen, GIT 542-319, Mežmali-16, 906.56 m, ventral exterior view. D. Ventral valve, GIT 542-385, Aispute-41, 1000.5 m, interior view. E. Bedding plane with numerous casts of valves, GIT 542- 360, Vilcini-19, 906.5 m.

Fig. 4 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 4. Strophomenoid brachiopods from the Kuldiga Formation of the Porkuni Regional Stage, Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician), East Baltic, western Latvia (A–F, H) and southwestern Estonia (G). A, B, F–H. Paromalomena polonica (Temple, 1965). A. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-299, Mežmali-16, depth 911.8 m, exterior view. B. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-352-1, Adze-6, 844.5 m, split into two parts: exterior view (B1) and impression (B2). F. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-377, Aispute-41, 884.4 m, exterior view. G. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-361, Ikla, 535.3 m, exterior view. H. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-355, Mežmali-16, 912.2 m, exterior view (H 1) and view of the chilidium (H2). C. Eostropheodonta cf. parvicostellata Rong, 1984. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-365, Aispute-41, depth 988.7 m, exterior view. D–E. Proboscisambon? sp. D. Mould of dorsal valve, GIT 542-53, Stirnas-18, depth 908.2 m, exterior view. E. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-322-1, exterior view; Riekstini-15, 858.6 m. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 2. A in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 2. A. The facies belts in the Baltic Basin and the study area. B. The location of drill core sections. C. Enlarged Jurkalne area. Black dots mark the locality of the drill core with brachiopods of the Hirnantia Fauna; empty dots indicate occurrences of the Hirnantia Fauna (from Paškevičius 1997, 2000). Drill cores: 1, Stirnas-18; 2, Pliekalni-14: 3, Dizrungi-17, 4, Vilcini-19; 5, Adze-6; 6, Dreimaņi-11; 7, Riekstini-15; 8, Mežmaļi-16; 9, Mežvagari-13, 10, Ēdole-60; 11, Anši. Distribution of the Hirnantian rocks: a, outer limit the the Porkuni Stage, including of the Saldus Formation on the NE areas; b, outer limit of the Saldus Formation in northern part of region; c, outer limits of the distribution area of the Kuldiga Formation.

Fig. 3 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 3. Leptaenin brachiopods from the Kuldiga Formation of the Porkuni Regional Stage, Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician), East Baltic, western Latvia A–D, F–G), southwestern Estonia (E). A, B, D, F, G. Leptaena (L.) rugosa (Dalman, 1828). A. Shell, LDM G 273-1, Ēdole-60 drill core, depth 840.7 m, ventral (A1) and ventro-lateral (A2) views. B. Shell, GIT G 542-2, Vilcini-15, 910.35 m (figured in Kaljo et al. 2008), ventral (B1) and posterior (B2) views. D. Shell, GIT 542-17, Stirnas-18, 908.6 m, dorsal exterior view. F. Shell, GIT 542-18, Stirnas-18, 909.4 m, ventral view. G. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-197, Sturi-8, 941.8 m, view of interior (G1) and cruralium (G2). C, E. Leptaena sp. C. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-189, Vilcini-15, 909.3 m, exterior view. E. Incomplete ventral valve, GIT 542-192, Ikla, 536.5 m, exterior view. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 4 in A new, unusual rhynchonellide brachiopod with a strophic shell from the Silurian of Iran

Fig. 4. Transverse serial sections of a cyrtioid spiriferid brachiopod Striispirifer? ocissimus Popov, Modzalevskaya, and Ghobadi Pour in Hairapetian et al., 2012; NMW 2011.11G.457 from Llandovery, Telychian, Niur Formation, sample K33/1, Boghu Mountains. Numbers indicate distance in mm from the tip of the ventral umbo.

Fig. 3 in A new, unusual rhynchonellide brachiopod with a strophic shell from the Silurian of Iran

Fig. 3. Rhynchonellide brachiopod Jafarirhynchus alatus gen. et sp. nov. (A–C) and spiriferide Striispirifer? ocissimus Popov, Modzalevskaya, and Ghobadi Pour in Hairapetian et al., 2012 (D, E) from Niur Formation, Telychian, Llandovery, Silurian, sample K33/1, Boghu Mountains. A. AEU1500, holotype, a pair of conjoined valves, in dorsal (A 1), ventral (A 2), lateral (A 3), and anterior (A 4) views, enlarged ventral interarea (A 5). B. AEU1501, a pair of conjoined valves, in anterior (B 1), ventral (B 2), dorsal (B 3), and lateral (B 4) views of a strongly asymmetrical specimen. C. AEU1502, dorsal view of a pair of conjoined valves (C 1), enlarged surface ornament (C 2). D. AEU1511, a pair of conjoined valves, in ventral (D 1), lateral (D 2), and dorsal (D 3) views. E. AEU1512, ventral valve exterior. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 2 in A new, unusual rhynchonellide brachiopod with a strophic shell from the Silurian of Iran

Fig. 2. Rhynchonellide brachiopod Jafarirhynchus alatus gen. et sp. nov. from Llandovery, Telychian, Niur Formation, sample K33/1, Boghu Mountains, CNIGR136/12600. A. Transverse serial sections (L = 18.4; W = 23.2; T = 10.5). B. Sagittal section of the shell. C. Dorsal valve interior. Numbers indicate distance in mm from the tip of the ventral umbo.

Fig. 1. A in A new, unusual rhynchonellide brachiopod with a strophic shell from the Silurian of Iran

Fig. 1. A. Geographic and geologic setting of the studied material showing position of studied section (modified after Taheri 2001). B. Schematic map showing position of studied locality (asterisk). C. Stratigraphical column of the Boghu Section showing the informal lithostratigraphical subdivision of the Niur Formation, position of fossil samples, and stratigraphical distribution of brachiopods and conodonts. Arrows below and above the log indicate that the section continues in both directions (for a complete log see Hairapetian et al. 2012). Arrows at the lowermost of distribution line of some taxa indicates that these also occur in lower strata.

Fig. 7 in Oldest mickwitziid brachiopod from the Terreneuvian of southern France

Fig. 7. Dorsal valve of mickwitziid Kerberellus marcouensis Devaere, Holmer, and Clausen gen. et sp. nov. from the Terreneuvian Heraultia Member, Montagne Noire (southern France). A. USTL1261-12; A 1, external view; A 2, detail of A 1, apical area, arrow pointing new row of pores inserted between existing rows; A 3, postero-lateral view; A 4, posterior view. B. USTL2857-8; B 1, external view; B 2, postero-lateral view; B 3, detail of B 2, internal mould of interarea; B 4, lateral view of planar dorsal valve. C. USTL2858-2; C 1, external view; C 2, internal view; C 3, posterior view; C 4, detail of C 3, internal mould of interarea. D. USTL2859-2; D 1, external view; D 2, posterior view; D 3, postero-lateral view; D 4, detail of D 2, interarea. E. USTL1232-1; E 1, external view; E , posterior view; E , detail of E , apical area and interarea; E , lateral view of planar dorsal valve; E , anterior view.

Fig. 9 in Oldest mickwitziid brachiopod from the Terreneuvian of southern France

Fig. 9. Preservation stages of mickwitziid Kerberellus marcouensis Devaere, Holmer, and Clausen gen. et sp. nov. in the Heraultia Limestone from the Montagne Noire (southern France). A. Original shell in dark grey. B. Phosphatic inner and outer coating of the shell, black line. C. Second phosphatisation phase with phosphatisation of lime and cementation of debris. D. Decay of original organic material of shell (and/or dissolution of possible original or of secondary diagenetic origin shell carbonate material during acetic acid treatment [see Clausen and Álvaro 2007; Álvaro and Clausen 2010]).

Fig. 8 in Oldest mickwitziid brachiopod from the Terreneuvian of southern France

Fig. 8. Juvenile specimens of mickwitziid Kerberellus marcouensis Devaere, Holmer, and Clausen gen. et sp. nov. from the Terreneuvian Heraultia Member, Montagne Noire (southern France). A. USTL2857-1; A 1, external view; A 2, detail of A 1, apical area and interarea; A 3, posterior view; A 4, postero-lateral view; A 5, detail of A 4, interarea organised into subapical shelf; A 6, antero-lateral view. B. USTL2860-4; B 1, external view; B 2, posterior view; B 3, detail of B 2, internal mould of interarea, arrow pointing the two close tubes; B 4, postero-lateral view; B 5, anterior view; B 6, B 7, lateral views. C. USTL2856-1 (paratype); C 1, external view; C 2, posterior view; C 3, detail of C 2, internal mould of interarea with step-like structure; C 4, postero-lateral view; C , antero-lateral view; C , detail of C , long and smooth apical tubes.

Fig. 5 in Oldest mickwitziid brachiopod from the Terreneuvian of southern France

Fig. 5. Ventral valve of mickwitziid Kerberellus marcouensis Devaere, Holmer, and Clausen gen. et sp. nov. from the Terreneuvian Heraultia Member, Montagne Noire (southern France). A. USTL2859-5; A1, external view; A2, postero-lateral view; A3, detail of A2, interarea with triangular depression. B. USTL2856-5; B1, external view; B2, posterior view, interarea with triangular sinus of the subapical margin. C. USTL2859-3; C1, external view, squared area magnified in C2; C2, posterior view; C3, detail of C2, internal mould of interarea with subapical triangular depression; C4, lateral view. D. USTL2858- 4; D1, external view; D2, lateral view; D3, posterior view; D4, detail of D3, interarea with internal mould of prominent triangular structure. E. USTL2858-1; E1, external view; E2, detail of E1, apical area, pair of closely spaced tubes at the apex; E3, detail of E1, posterior area, pair of closely spaced tubes at the apex. F. USTL2859-4; posterior view, arrow pointing median furrow crossing internal mould of apex.

Fig. 6 in Oldest mickwitziid brachiopod from the Terreneuvian of southern France

Fig. 6. Dorsal valve of mickwitziid Kerberellus marcouensis Devaere, Holmer, and Clausen gen. et sp. nov. from the Terreneuvian Heraultia Member, Montagne Noire (southern France). A. USTL2856-6 (paratype); A1, external view; A2, detail of A1, apical area; A3, posterior view; A4, postero-lateral view; A5, detail of A4, interarea; A6, lateral view of planar dorsal valve. B. USTL2860-5 (paratype); B1, external view; B2, lateral view; B3, anterior view; B4, posterior view; B5, postero-lateral view; B6, detail of B5, external coating of interarea with angled posterior margin creating a subapical sinus.

Fig. 2 in Oldest mickwitziid brachiopod from the Terreneuvian of southern France

Fig. 2. Mickwitziid Kerberellus marcouensis Devaere, Holmer, and Clausen gen. et sp. nov. from the Terreneuvian Heraultia Member, Montagne Noire southern France). A. USTL2859-7; A1, external view of a ventral valve; A2, detail of A1, anterior marginal area with partially preserved external coating; A3, anterior view of a ventral valve; A4, detail of A3, external coating organised into radial furrows and ribs alternatively. B. USTL2857-6; B1, lateral view of ventral valve with external coating; B2, detail of B1, ridge between radial rows of pores damaged, giving the shell a radial striated pattern; B3, external view of ventral valve with external coating; B4, detail of B3, partially preserved external coating with damaged ridge between rows of pores. C. USTL2856-3 paratype); C1, external view of a ventral valve; C2, detail of C1, pustulose external mould (costae crossed by comarginal ribs). D. USTL2861-6; D1, posterior view of a ventral valve with thick external coating; D2, external view of ventral valve with external coating; D3, detail of D1, phosphatic internal moulds of pores running from the internal mould to the external coating. E. USTL1232-3; E1, external view of external mould; E2, detail of E1, sinuous radial costae associated with comarginal ribs; E3, lateral view of external mould; E4, detail of E3, external mould with ridges damaged.

Fig. 4 in Oldest mickwitziid brachiopod from the Terreneuvian of southern France

Fig. 4. Ventral valve of mickwitziid Kerberellus marcouensis Devaere, Holmer, and Clausen gen. et sp. nov. from the Terreneuvian Heraultia Member, Montagne Noire (southern France). A. USTL2859-6; A1, external view; A2, detail of A1, apical area, upper arrow pointing median furrow crossing internal mould of apex, lower arrow pointing new row of pores inserted between existing rows; A3, posterior view; A4, detail of A3, interarea with triangular sinus of the subapical margin; A5, anterior view. A6. Lateral view of highly conical ventral valve. B. USTL1234-5 (holotype); B1, external view; B2, lateral view of highly conical ventral valve; B4, detail of B2, partially preserved external coating with variable of tubes distal end and long, radial, straight and thin phosphatic sheets running from the apex to the anterior margin between rows of radial tubes; B3, posterior view, interarea with triangular sinus of the subapical margin. C. USTL2860-6; C1, external view; C2, detail of C1, apical area, upper arrow pointing median furrow crossing internal mould of apex, lower arrow pointing new row of pores inserted between existing rows; C3, postero-lateral view, interarea with triangular depression.

Fig. 1 in Oldest mickwitziid brachiopod from the Terreneuvian of southern France

Fig. 1. Geological features of the Montagne Noire (modified from Clausen and Álvaro 2007; Devaere et al. 2013; and Álvaro et al. 2014). A. Location of the Massif Central and the Montagne Noire in France. B. Structural sketch of the Montagne Noire. C. Geological sketch of the Avène-Mendic parautochthon with location of the sections (asterisks) yielding Kerberellus marcouensis Devaere, Holmer, and Clausen gen. et sp. nov. D. Litho- and chronostratigraphic setting of the Avène-Mendic Unit (after Devaere et al. 2013), the section is interupted by a thrust contact with the Mélagues slice (symbolized by the arrow in the upper part of the log).

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Fig. 9 in The new stem-group brachiopod Oymurania from the lower Cambrian of Siberia

Fig. 9. Stem group-brachiopod Oymurania gravestocki Ushatinskaya gen. et sp. nov. from the lower Cambrian Perekhod Formation, Achchagyi-KyyryTaas section, Siberia. Cyrtoconic (presumably ventral) valve (SMNH X5297); upper (A), apertural (B), subapical (C), and lateral (D) views. Scale bar 600 μm.

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Fig. 13 in The new stem-group brachiopod Oymurania from the lower Cambrian of Siberia

Fig. 13. Stem group-brachiopod Oymurania gravestocki Ushatinskaya gen. et sp. nov. from lower Cambrian Perekhod Formation, Achchagyi-Kyyry-Taas section, Siberia. Fragmentary shell with exfoliated surface (FUB AK21-018); apical (C), supra-apical (D), and upper (E) views; close-up of C showing lamellar wall (A), arrowed single chambers with acrotretoid columns situated within otherwise compact portion of the wall; close-up of D showing lamellae of the wall perforated by fine canals (B); close-up of D showing fine and coarser pores on the outer surface (F). Scale bar C–E, 1200 μm; A, 150 μm; F , 120 μm; B, 60 μm.