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737 results for “Central Africa”
FIGURE 7 in Review of freshwater Bryozoa (Phylactolaemata) of Central Africa with descriptions of two new species
FIGURE 7. Plumatella philippinensis, Specimen No. 440. (a) Colony showing parallel zooecial tubes, scale bar = 2 mm; (b) colony showing zooid detail, scale bar = 1 mm; (c) sessoblast frontal valve, scale bar = 100 μm; (d) floatoblast valves with dorsal valve on the left, scale bar = 100 μm; (e) floatoblast valves of holotype shown for size comparison, scale bar = 100 μm.
FIGURE 3 in Review of freshwater Bryozoa (Phylactolaemata) of Central Africa with descriptions of two new species
FIGURE 3. Hyalinella punctata, Specimen No. 174 showing colony fragment on plant stem. Scale bar = 2 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Review of freshwater Bryozoa (Phylactolaemata) of Central Africa with descriptions of two new species
FIGURE 5. Floatoblast valves of Stolella indica (holotype), No. Z3482/7 from the Zoological Survey of India in Kolkata, dorsal valve on the left, contrasting with floatoblast valves of P. kisalensis n. sp. (Fig. 4d); scale bar = 100 μm.
FIGURE 6 in Review of freshwater Bryozoa (Phylactolaemata) of Central Africa with descriptions of two new species
FIGURE 6. Plumatella marlieri, Specimen No. 441. (a) Colony, scale bar = 2 mm; (b) floatoblast valves with dorsal valve on the left, scale bar = 100μm.
FIGURE 2 in Review of freshwater Bryozoa (Phylactolaemata) of Central Africa with descriptions of two new species
FIGURE 2. Hyalinella africana, Specimen No. 439. (a) Colony, scale bar = 2 mm; (b) colony showing more zooid detail, scale bar = 1 mm; (c) floatoblast valves with dorsal valve on the left, scale bar = 100μm.
FIGURE 8 in Review of freshwater Bryozoa (Phylactolaemata) of Central Africa with descriptions of two new species
FIGURE 8. Plumatella pseudostolonata, Specimen No. 46. (a) Colony fragment on rock, scale bar = 2 mm; (b) ventral (?) floatoblast valves, modified slightly from Borg (1940) to show the fenestrae more clearly; (c) detail of sessoblast showing wide, unmarked annulus and tubercles on frontal valve, scale bar = 50 μm.
FIGURE 4 in Review of freshwater Bryozoa (Phylactolaemata) of Central Africa with descriptions of two new species
FIGURE 4. Specimen No. 65, Plumatella kisalensis n. sp. (a) Colony on a leaf, scale bar = 2 mm; (b) colony showing greater zooid detail, scale bar = 1 mm; (c) floatoblast valves showing range of size and shape; (d) floatoblast valves with dorsal valve on the left, scale bar = 100 μm; (e) detail of ventral valve showing peripheral suture points and small, well-spaced tubercles.
FIGURE 1 in Review of freshwater Bryozoa (Phylactolaemata) of Central Africa with descriptions of two new species
FIGURE 1. Lophopodella statoblasts from the MRAC collection and from illustrations by Kraepelin (1914). (a) Specimen No. 201, Lophopodella capensis var. michaelseni; (b) Specimen No. 202, L. stuhlmanni with broad polar truncation; (c) L. thomasi with narrow polar truncation; (d) L. stuhlmanni (fig. 1c, d from Kraepelin, 1914). Scale bar for all statoblasts = 200 μm.
Data from: Phylogeography of the reed frog Hyperolius castaneus (Anura: Hyperoliidae) from the Albertine Rift of Central Africa: implications for taxonomy, biogeography and conservation
We examine the systematics of multiple populations of the Albertine Rift endemic amphibian Hyperolius castaneus, which currently incorporates four subspecies. Standard morphometric data were analyzed with principal components analyses and analyses of covariance. Phylogenetic analyses of two mitochondrial (16S, cyt b) and one nuclear (RAG1) genes were analyzed from 41 samples representing three subspecies. Results indicated some significant morphometric differences between the nominate subspecies H. c. castaneus and the Itombwe Plateau subspecies H. c. constellatus, and phylogenetic analyses of molecular data recovered these taxa as reciprocally monophyletic groups. We recognize these two allopatric populations as recently diverged, but distinct species, H. castaneus and H. constellatus. The subspecies H. c. submarginatus from the Kabobo Plateau is transferred to the synonymy of H. constellatus, but the status of the unsampled subspecies H. c. rhodogaster, described from mid-elevations of the western Itombwe Plateau, remains problematic. The phylogeographic pattern of our study resembles some, but not all, Albertine Rift vertebrates that have been examined with molecular data. Hyperolius constellatus is restricted to the Itombwe and Kabobo plateaus, which are of special conservation concern because of high levels of amphibian diversity and endemism, and multiple threats from deforestation, mining activities and road construction.
Data from: Spatial and temporal patterns of frugivorous Hornbill movements in Central Africa and their implications for rain forest conservation
Tropical forest conservation and restoration require an understanding of the movements and habitat preferences of important seed dispersers. With forests now being altered at an unprecedented rate, avian frugivores are becoming increasingly vital for forest regeneration. Seed movement, however, is highly dependent on the behavioral characteristics of their dispersers. Here, we examined the movements, habitat preferences, and range sizes of two African frugivores: the Black-casqued (Ceratogymna atrata) and the White-thighed (Bycanistes albotibialis) Hornbill, in the lowland rain forests of southern Cameroon. Using satellite transmitters, we tracked eight hornbills for 3 yr to characterize their movements and relate them to environmental landscape features. Hornbill movements differed significantly, with B. albotibialis ranging over larger areas (mean = 20,274 ha) than C. atrata (mean = 5604 ha), and females of both species covering over 15 times the area of males. Evidence suggests that movements are irruptive during particular periods, perhaps driven by low resource availability. In addition, hornbills often returned to the same localities within a year, although movements were not characterized as migratory. Both species displayed significant differences in habitat preference, with B. albotibialis utilizing disturbed habitat more frequently than C. atrata (t = −22.04, P = 2.2 × 10−16). Major roads were found to act as barriers for C. atrata, but not for B. albotibialis. The ability of both hornbill species to move large distances suggests hornbills will play a vital role in the maintenance and regeneration of rain forests in Central Africa as forest fragmentation increases and terrestrial vertebrates decline in numbers.
Data from: Congruent phylogeographic patterns of eight tree species in Atlantic Central Africa provide insights on the past dynamics of forest cover
Cycles of Quaternary climate change are assumed to be major drivers of African rainforest dynamics and evolution. However, most hypotheses on past vegetation dynamics relied on palaeobotanical records, an approach lacking spatial resolution, and on current patterns of species diversity and endemism, an approach confounding history and environmental determinism. In this context, a comparative phylogeographic study of rainforest species represents a complementary approach because Pleistocene climate fluctuations may have left interpretable signatures in the patterns of genetic diversity within species. Using 1274 plastid DNA sequences from eight tree species (Afrostyrax kamerunensis, A. lepidophyllus, Erythrophleum suaveolens, Greenwayodendron suaveolens, Milicia excelsa, Santiria trimera, Scorodophloeus zenkeri, Symphonia globulifera) sampled in 50 populations of Atlantic Central Africa (ACA), we averaged divergence across species to produce the first map of the region synthesizing genetic distinctiveness and standardized divergence within and among localities. Significant congruence in divergence was detected mostly among five of the eight species and was stronger in the northern ACA. This pattern is compatible with a scenario of past forest fragmentation and recolonization whereby forests from eastern Cameroon and north-eastern Gabon would have been more affected by past climate change than those of western Cameroon (where one or more refugia would have occurred). By contrast, southern ACA (Gabon) displayed low congruence among species that may reflect less drastic past forest fragmentation or a more complex history of vegetation changes. Finally, we also highlight the potential impact of current environmental barriers on spatial genetic structures.
Data from: Natural Wolbachia infections are common in the major malaria vectors in Central Africa
During the last decade, the endosymbiont bacterium Wolbachia has emerged as a biological tool for vector disease control. However, for long time, it was believed that Wolbachia was absent in natural populations of Anopheles. The recent discovery that species within the Anopheles gambiae complex host Wolbachia in natural conditions has opened new opportunities for malaria control research in Africa. Here, we investigated the prevalence and diversity of Wolbachia infection in 25 African Anopheles species in Gabon (Central Africa). Our results revealed the presence of Wolbachia in 16 of these species, including the major malaria vectors in this area. The infection prevalence varied greatly among species, confirming that sample size is a key factor to detect the infection. Moreover, our sequencing and phylogenetic analyses showed the important diversity of Wolbachia strains that infect Anopheles. Co-evolutionary analysis unveiled patterns of Wolbachia transmission within some Anopheles species, suggesting that past independent acquisition events were followed by co-cladogenesis. The large diversity of Wolbachia strains that infect natural populations of Anopheles offers a promising opportunity to select suitable phenotypes for suppressing Plasmodium transmission and/or manipulating Anopheles reproduction, which in turn could be used to reduce the malaria burden in Africa.
Data from: New evidence for hybrid zones of forest and savanna elephants in Central and West Africa
The African elephant consists of forest and savanna subspecies. Both subspecies are highly endangered due to severe poaching and habitat loss, and knowledge of their population structure is vital to their conservation. Previous studies have demonstrated marked genetic and morphological differences between forest and savanna elephants and despite extensive sampling, genetic evidence of hybridization between them has been restricted largely to a few hybrids in the Garamba region of northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Here we present new genetic data on hybridization from previously unsampled areas of Africa. Novel statistical methods applied to these data identify 46 hybrid samples - many more than have been previously identified - only two of which are from the Garamba region. The remaining 44 are from three other geographically-distinct locations: a major hybrid zone along the border of the DRC and Uganda, a second potential hybrid zone in Central African Republic, and a smaller fraction of hybrids in the Pendjari-Arli complex of West Africa. Most of the hybrids show evidence of interbreeding over more than one generation, demonstrating that hybrids are fertile. Mitochondrial and Y chromosome data demonstrate that the hybridization is bidirectional, involving males and females from both subspecies. We hypothesize that the hybrid zones may have been facilitated by poaching and habitat modification. The localized geography and rarity of hybrid zones, their possible facilitation from human pressures, and the high divergence and genetic distinctness of forest and savanna elephants throughout their ranges, are consistent with calls for separate species classification.
Data from: The Bantu expansion revisited: a new analysis of Y chromosome variation in Central Western Africa
The current distribution of Bantu languages is commonly considered to be a consequence of a relatively recent population expansion (3-5 kya) in Central Western Africa. While there is a substantial consensus regarding the centre of origin of Bantu languages (the Benue River Valley, between South East Nigeria and Western Cameroon), the identification of the area from where the population expansion actually started, the relation between the processes leading to the spread of languages and peoples and the relevance of local migratory events remain controversial. In order to shed new light on these aspects, we studied Y chromosome variation in a broad dataset of populations encompassing Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon and Congo. Our results evidence an evolutionary scenario which is more complex than had been previously thought, pointing to a marked differentiation of Cameroonian populations from the rest of the dataset. In fact, in contrast with the current view of Bantu speakers as a homogeneous group of populations, we observed an unexpectedly high level of inter-population genetic heterogeneity and highlighted previously undetected diversity for lineages associated with the diffusion of Bantu languages (E1b1a (M2) sub-branches). We also detected substantial differences in local demographic histories, which concord with the hypotheses regarding an early diffusion of Bantu languages into the forest area and a subsequent demographic expansion and migration towards eastern and western Africa.
FIGURE 1 in Notes on some tardigrades from Central Africa, with the description of a new species of Hypsibiidae
FIGURE 1. Hypsibius multituberculatus sp. n.; A, habitus; B, buccopharyngeal apparatus; C, detail of the cuticular sculpture; D, claws of the second pair of legs. (Scale bars in m).
FIGURE 21 in The Microsynodontis (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Mochokidae) of the lower Guinea region, west central Africa, with the description of eight new species
FIGURE 21. Scatterplot of caudalfin length (CFL) against standard length for M. batesii, M. hirsutus and M. polli.
FIGURE 20 in The Microsynodontis (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Mochokidae) of the lower Guinea region, west central Africa, with the description of eight new species
FIGURE 20. Scatterplot of adiposefin basal length (AdiFL) against standard length for M. emarginatus, M. notatus and M. vigilis.
FIGURE 19 in The Microsynodontis (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Mochokidae) of the lower Guinea region, west central Africa, with the description of eight new species
FIGURE 19. Scatterplot of caudal peduncle depth (CPD) against standard length for M. notatus and M. vigilis.
FIGURE 2 in The Microsynodontis (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Mochokidae) of the lower Guinea region, west central Africa, with the description of eight new species
FIGURE 2. Lateral view of dorsal spines of: a. M. hirsutus, holotype, CU 87040, 62.0 mm SL and b. all other Microsynodontis (represented by M. batesii, CAS 155691, 62.4 mm SL). Scale bar represents 1 mm.
FIGURE 9 in The Microsynodontis (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Mochokidae) of the lower Guinea region, west central Africa, with the description of eight new species
FIGURE 9. Lateral view of caudal fins showing: a. emarginate fin (condition in Microsynodontis emarginatus, CU 89393, holotype, 33.4 mm SL); b. rounded fin (other Microsynodontis species, represented by M. batesii, CU 80748, 33.2 mm SL); c. truncate fin (condition in M. laevigatus and M. lamberti, represented by M. laevigatus, CU 88265, paratype, 22.8 mm SL).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.