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1,416 results for “Evidence Base”
Implementing Prescriber-Pharmacist Collaborative Care for Evidence-based Anticoagulant Use
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05351749. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Data from: Three newly described species of Ziziphus from Maharashtra, India based on morphological and molecular evidence
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A range-wide postglacial history of Swiss stone pine based on molecular markers and palaeoecological evidence
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Climbing route development affects cliff vascular plants more than subsequent climbing: A guide to evidence-based conservation management to regulate climbing
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Reassessment of Chirita umbrophila (Gesneriaceae) based on molecular and morphological evidence
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Data from: Impacts of rotation, tillage, cover cropping, and drainage on soil health in soybean-based cropping systems: Evidence from 4–50-year trials across the US
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Data and scripts from: Long term analysis of social structure: evidence of age-based consistent associations in male Alpine ibex
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Data from: Human-wildlife coexistence needs more evidence-based interventions to reduce the losses of crops, livestock, and fishery catches
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FIGURE 5 in The identities of three species of Parahelice Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Varunidae) from the western Pacific, based on morphological and molecular evidence
FIGURE 5. Parahelice pilosa Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006. A, dorsal view of male; B, ventral view of male; C, chela of male; D, chela of female; E, F, color in life of male (Gangkou R. estuary, Pingtung, Taiwan; specimens not collected); G, H, color in life of a juvenile female (CW 7.0 mm; NCHUZOOL 15721; Bali, Indonesia). A–C, ♂ (CW 13.7 mm; NCHUZOOL 15699; Baoli R. estuary, Pingtung, Taiwan); D, ♀ (CW 16.1 mm; NCHUZOOL 15700; Gangkou R. estuary, Pingtung, Taiwan). Scale bars: 2.0 mm.
FIGURE 7 in The identities of three species of Parahelice Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Varunidae) from the western Pacific, based on morphological and molecular evidence
FIGURE 7 Habitats and burrows (arrow) of Parahelice daviei, Par. pilimana, Par. pilosa and Pseudohelice subquadrata. A, B, habitat at Baoli R. estuary, Pingtung, Taiwan, about 600–800 m from a river mouth, where the four species are sympatric. C, habitat of Gangkou R. estuary, Pingtung, Taiwan, about 600–800 m from a river mouth, where Par. daviei and Pse. subquadrata are sympatric. D, habitat of Gadon Beach, Tabanan, Bali, Indonesia, about 50 m from a river mouth, where Par. pilosa and Pse. subquadrata are sympatric.
FIGURE 1 in The identities of three species of Parahelice Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Varunidae) from the western Pacific, based on morphological and molecular evidence
FIGURE 1. Parahelice daviei Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006. A, B, dorsal view of male; C, ventral view of male; D, chela of male; E, F, chela of female; G, H, color in life of male (Gangkou R. estuary, Pingtung, Taiwan; specimen not collected). A, C, D, ♂ (CW 12.1 mm; NCHUZOOL 15716; Baoli R. estuary, Pingtung, Taiwan); B, ♂ (CW 12.0 mm; NCHUZOOL 15670; Gangkou R. estuary, Pingtung, Taiwan); E, ♀ (CW 9.7 mm; NCHUZOOL 15692; Gangkou R. estuary, Pingtung, Taiwan); F, ♀ (CW 13.2 mm; NMMBCD 4049; Baoli R. estuary, Pingtung, Taiwan). Scale bars: 2.0 mm.
FIGURE 6 in The identities of three species of Parahelice Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Varunidae) from the western Pacific, based on morphological and molecular evidence
FIGURE 6. Parahelice pilosa Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006. A–C, E–H, ♂ (13.7 × 11.7 mm, NCHUZOOL 15699); D, I, ♀ (18.0 × 14.7 mm, NCHUZOOL 15699). A, carapace; B, outer view of male right cheliped; C, male left infraorbital ridge; D, female left infraorbital ridge; E, F, dorsal view of right G1; G, H, ventral view of right G1; I, right vulva. Scale bars: A–D, 1.0 mm; E–I, 0.5 mm.
Supplementary material 1 from: Yang L-H, Wen F, Kong H-H, Sun Z-X, Su L-Y, Kang M (2020) Two new combinations in Oreocharis (Gesneriaceae) based on morphological, molecular and cytological evidence. In: Shui Y-M, Chen W-H, Ren M-X, Wen F, Hong X, Qiu Z-J, Wei Y-G, Kang M (Eds) Taxonomy of Gesneriaceae in China and Vietnam. PhytoKeys 157: 43-58. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.157.32609
Taxon, voucher information and GenBank accession number of the samples used in the phylogenetic analyses.
Experimental evidence of warming-induced disease emergence and its prediction by a trait-based mechanistic model
<p>Predicting the effects of seasonality and climate change on the emergence and spread of infectious disease remains difficult, in part because of poorly understood connections between warming and the mechanisms driving disease. Trait-based mechanistic models combined with thermal performance curves arising from the Metabolic Theory of Ecology (MTE) have been highlighted as a promising approach going forward; however, this framework has not been tested under controlled experimental conditions that isolate the role of gradual temporal warming on disease dynamics and emergence. Here, we provide experimental evidence that a slowly warming host – parasite system can be pushed through a critical transition into an epidemic state. We then show that a trait-based mechanistic model with MTE functional forms can predict the critical temperature for disease emergence, subsequent disease dynamics through time, and final infection prevalence in an experimentally warmed system of <i>Daphnia </i>and a microsporidian parasite. Our results serve as a proof of principle that trait-based mechanistic models using MTE sub-functions can predict warming-induced disease emergence in data-rich systems – a critical step towards generalizing the approach to other systems.</p>
Field-based evidence for intra-slab high-permeability channel formation at eclogite-facies conditions during subduction
<p>Bulk rock analysis of metamorphic rock samples (major and trace element)</p>
Data from: Reframing the evidence base for policy-relevance to increase impact: a case study on forest fragmentation in the oil palm sector
It is necessary to improve knowledge exchange between scientists and decision-makers so that scientific evidence can be readily accessed to inform policy. To maximise impact of scientific evidence in policy development, the scientific community should engage more fully with decision-makers, building long-term working relationships in order to identify and respond to 'policy windows' with science that is reframed for policy-relevance. We illustrate the process and challenges using a case study in which we synthesised evidence from studies of habitat fragmentation to provide information for improved biodiversity conservation in the oil palm sector, resulting in the uptake of this research into new industry guidelines. Policy implications. The case study demonstrates how having an in-depth understanding of the 'policy arena' (the state of policy and the actors and influencing factors that affect policy) and responding with relevant and specific information, enabled effective uptake of science to inform the design of conservation set-asides in the oil palm industry.
Data from: Evidence of extreme habitat stability in a Southeast Asian biodiversity hotspot based on the evolutionary analysis of neotenic net-winged beetles
The diversification of neotenic beetle lineages has not been studied, despite the potential for defining biodiversity hotspots and elucidating the history of regional faunas. Additionally, neotenics may provide insight into the process of speciation in small populations with extremely low dispersal ability and a limited range. Here, we used two rDNA and three mtDNA markers to investigate the phylogeny of Scarelus, a neotenic lineage endemic to Southeast Asian rainforests. Most genetic differentiation was associated with Palaeogene geographic divisions, which remain distinct despite temporary connections. Dispersal events were rare, with only two inferred for Scarelus: from Borneo to the Philippines 28.3 million years ago (mya) and from Sumatra to Java 13.9 mya. The reproductive isolation depended on allopatric range fragmentation, and Scarelus diversified readily when conditions were favorable; in this case, at different times in the eastern (19.3–39.1 mya) and western (3.5–13.9 mya) parts of Sundaland. The observed strong phenotypic similarity was preserved under speciation through complete allopatry. Neotenic Lycidae have survived for a long time in very stable habitats, and extremely low dispersal activity has not limited their existence; however, the long-term diversification rate of neotenics is low and diversification is nonexistent under stable conditions. The modern ranges of neotenic lineages are indicative of ancient rainforest refugia, and may be used in biodiversity conservation management. Most neotenics are at risk of extinction due to small ranges and a low dispersal potential.
Data from: No evidence for MHC class I based disassortative mating in a wild population of great tits
Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are regarded as a potentially important target of mate choice due to the fitness benefits that may be conferred to the offspring. According to the complementary genes hypothesis, females mate with MHC dissimilar males to enhance the immunocompetence of their offspring or to avoid inbreeding depression. Here, we investigate whether selection favours a preference for maximally dissimilar or optimally dissimilar MHC class I types, based on MHC genotypes, average amino acid distances and the functional properties of the antigen-binding sites (MHC supertypes); and whether MHC type dissimilarity predicts relatedness between mates in a wild great tit population. In particular, we explore the role that MHC class I plays in female mate choice decisions while controlling for relatedness and spatial population structure, and examine the reproductive fitness consequences of MHC compatibility between mates. We find no evidence for the hypotheses that females select mates on the basis of either maximal or optimal MHC class I dissimilarity. A weak correlation between MHC allele sharing and relatedness, and between MHC supertype sharing and relatedness suggests that MHC dissimilarity at functional variants may not provide an effective index of relatedness. Moreover the reproductive success of pairs did not vary with MHC dissimilarity. Our results provide no support for the suggestion that selection favours, or that mate choice realises, a preference for complimentary MHC types.
Data from: No evidence for MHC class II-based non-random mating at the gametic haplotype in Atlantic salmon
Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are a likely target of mate choice because of their role in inbreeding avoidance and potential benefits for offspring immunocompetence. Evidence for female choice for complementary MHC alleles among competing males exists both for the pre- and the postmating stages. However, it remains unclear whether the latter may involve non-random fusion of gametes depending on gametic haplotypes resulting in transmission ratio distortion or non-random sequence divergence among fused gametes. We tested whether non-random gametic fusion of MHC-II haplotypes occurs in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. We performed in vitro fertilizations that excluded interindividual sperm competition using a split family design with large clutch sample sizes to test for a possible role of the gametic haplotype in mate choice. We sequenced two MHC-II loci in 50 embryos per clutch to assess allelic frequencies and sequence divergence. We found no evidence for transmission ratio distortion at two linked MHC-II loci, nor for non-random gamete fusion with respect to MHC-II alleles. Our findings suggest that the gametic MHC-II haplotypes play no role in gamete association in Atlantic salmon and that earlier findings of MHC-based mate choice most likely reflect choice among diploid genotypes. We discuss possible explanations for these findings and how they differ from findings in mammals.
Data from: The excreted microbiota of bats: evidence of niche specialization based on multiple body habitats
Animal-associated microbiotas form complex communities, which play crucial functions for their host, including susceptibility to infections. Despite increasing attention to bats as reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens, their microbiota is poorly documented, especially for samples potentially implicated in pathogen transmission such as urine and saliva. Here, using low-biomass individual samples, we examined the composition and structure of bacterial communities excreted by insectivorous bats, focusing on three body habitats (saliva, urine and faeces). We show that niche specialisation occurs as bacterial community composition was distinct across body habitats with the majority of phylotypes being body habitat specific. Our results suggest that urine harbours more diverse bacterial communities than saliva and faeces and reveal potentially zoonotic bacteria such as Leptospira, Rickettsia, Bartonella and Coxiella in all body habitats. Our study emphasised that, in addition to the traditional use of gut-associated samples such as faeces, both urine and saliva are also of interest because of their diverse microbiota and the potential transmission of pathogenic bacteria. Our results represent a critical baseline for future studies investigating the interactions between microbiota and infection dynamics in bats.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.