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Distribution. NW Madagascar, known only from three small forest fragments in the area around Port-Bergé, between the Mahajamba-Est and Sofia rivers. in Cheirogaleidae
Distribution. NW Madagascar, known only from three small forest fragments in the area around Port-Bergé, between the Mahajamba-Est and Sofia rivers.
Distribution. Notably disjunct distribution in Madagascar with separate populations in the N (moister forests of the Sambirano region and in scattered forest fragments on the slopes of the Tsaratanana Massif), the NW (two areas, one ranging from the Manongarivo Special Reserve to the Mahavavy du Nord River, and a more S extension from the Betsiboka River and Ankarafantsika National Park N to the Maevarano River), and the CE (NE of Antananarivo, N of the Mangoro River as far as the Ambatovaky Special Reserve); the distribution in the N part of its range and its relation to the White-fronted Brown Lemur (FE. albifrons) remain unclear; generally speaking, it occurs inland of the range of the White-fronted Brown Lemur, but additional surveys are needed. Introduced on the Comoros Is. in Lemuridae
Distribution. Notably disjunct distribution in Madagascar with separate populations in the N (moister forests of the Sambirano region and in scattered forest fragments on the slopes of the Tsaratanana Massif), the NW (two areas, one ranging from the Manongarivo Special Reserve to the Mahavavy du Nord River, and a more S extension from the Betsiboka River and Ankarafantsika National Park N to the Maevarano River), and the CE (NE of Antananarivo, N of the Mangoro River as far as the Ambatovaky Special Reserve); the distribution in the N part of its range and its relation to the White-fronted Brown Lemur (FE. albifrons) remain unclear; generally speaking, it occurs inland of the range of the White-fronted Brown Lemur, but additional surveys are needed. Introduced on the Comoros Is.
FIGURE 5 in Six new species of Cladosporium associated with decayed leaves of native bamboo (Bambusoideae) in a fragment of Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE 5. Cladosporium brigadeirensis (VIC 44238, holotype). A–D. Colonies on A. Potato dextrose agar; B. Malt extract agar; C. Oatmeal agar; D. Synthetic nutrient-poor agar, after 14 days at 25 ºC, under near-ultraviolet light, respectively. E–K. Macronematous conidiophores. E. Mult-branched conidiophore. I. Conidiogenous cell details. J. Terminal and intercalary conidiogenous cells. K. Secondary ramoconidia prolongation. L. Micronematous conidiophores. M. Microcyclic conidiogenesis. Scale bars: E = 50 µM; F–M = 20 µM.
FIGURE 7 in Six new species of Cladosporium associated with decayed leaves of native bamboo (Bambusoideae) in a fragment of Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE 7. Cladosporium pseudotenuissimum (VIC 44422, holotype). A–D. Colonies on A. Potato dextrose agar; B. Malt extract agar; C. Oatmeal agar; D. Synthetic nutrient-poor agar, after 14 days at 25 ºC, under near-ultraviolet light, respectively. E–J. Macronematous conidiophores and conidia. E, F. Micronematous conidiophores at arrows. K. Conidiogenous cel with conidia. L. Bubble-like swelling details. M. Microcyclic conidiogenesis (black arrow) and Ramoconidia (red arrow). Scale bars: E = 50 µM; F–M = 20 µM.
FIGURE 6 in Six new species of Cladosporium associated with decayed leaves of native bamboo (Bambusoideae) in a fragment of Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE 6. Cladosporium chusqueae (VIC 44239, holotype). A–D. Colonies on A. Potato dextrose agar; B. Malt extract agar; C. Oatmeal agar; D. Synthetic nutrient-poor agar, after 14 days at 25 ºC, under near-ultraviolet light, respectively. E–K. Macronematous conidiophores and conidia. G. Terminal conidiophore. H. Short peg-like prolongation. I. Bent conidiophore; J–K. Conidiophore branched near the base at a 90º angle. L. Micronematous conidiophores. M. Microcyclic conidiogenesis. Scale bars: E = 50 µM; F–M = 20 µM.
FIGURE. Cladosporium benschii (VIC 44412, holotype). A–D. Colonies on A. Potato dextrose agar; B. Malt extract agar; C. Oatmeal agar; D. Synthetic nutrient-poor agar, after 14 days at 25 ºC, under near-ultraviolet light, respectively. E–J. Non-geniculate macronematous conidiophores and conidia. K. Conidiogenous cells with slightly protuberant loci. L. Micronematous conidiophores. M. Microcyclic conidiogenesis. Scale bars: E–M = 20 µM. in Six new species of Cladosporium associated with decayed leaves of native bamboo (Bambusoideae) in a fragment of Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE. Cladosporium benschii (VIC 44412, holotype). A–D. Colonies on A. Potato dextrose agar; B. Malt extract agar; C. Oatmeal agar; D. Synthetic nutrient-poor agar, after 14 days at 25 ºC, under near-ultraviolet light, respectively. E–J. Non-geniculate macronematous conidiophores and conidia. K. Conidiogenous cells with slightly protuberant loci. L. Micronematous conidiophores. M. Microcyclic conidiogenesis. Scale bars: E–M = 20 µM.
FIGURE. Cladosporium bambusicola (VIC 44237, holotype). A–D. Colonies on A. Potato dextrose agar; B. Malt extract agar; C. Oatmeal agar; D. Synthetic nutrient-poor agar, after 14 days at 25 ºC, under near-ultraviolet light, respectively. E–F. Conidiophore and bigger conidia. G–H. Conidiophores and smaller conidia. I. Stromatic hyphal aggregation. J–K. Micronematous conidiophores. L. Ramoconidia and conidia. M. Microcyclic conidiogenesis. Scale bars: E = 50 µM; F–M = 20 µM. in Six new species of Cladosporium associated with decayed leaves of native bamboo (Bambusoideae) in a fragment of Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE. Cladosporium bambusicola (VIC 44237, holotype). A–D. Colonies on A. Potato dextrose agar; B. Malt extract agar; C. Oatmeal agar; D. Synthetic nutrient-poor agar, after 14 days at 25 ºC, under near-ultraviolet light, respectively. E–F. Conidiophore and bigger conidia. G–H. Conidiophores and smaller conidia. I. Stromatic hyphal aggregation. J–K. Micronematous conidiophores. L. Ramoconidia and conidia. M. Microcyclic conidiogenesis. Scale bars: E = 50 µM; F–M = 20 µM.
FIGURE. Multilocus phylogenetic tree inferred from Bayesian analysis based on the combined TEF1-α and ACT sequences. Bayesian posterior probabilities are indicated next to the nodes. The tree was rooted with Cladosporium herbarum CBS 121621. The species in this study are indicated in bold. Types of species are indicated after the culture collection number (T = ex-type, ex-epitype, ex-neotype, or reference strain). in Six new species of Cladosporium associated with decayed leaves of native bamboo (Bambusoideae) in a fragment of Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE. Multilocus phylogenetic tree inferred from Bayesian analysis based on the combined TEF1-α and ACT sequences. Bayesian posterior probabilities are indicated next to the nodes. The tree was rooted with Cladosporium herbarum CBS 121621. The species in this study are indicated in bold. Types of species are indicated after the culture collection number (T = ex-type, ex-epitype, ex-neotype, or reference strain).
FIGURE. (Continued) Multilocus phylogenetic tree inferred from Bayesian analysis based on the combined TEF1-α and ACT sequences. Bayesian posterior probabilities are indicated next to the nodes. The tree was rooted with Cladosporium herbarum CBS 121621. The species in this study are indicated in bold. Types of species are indicated after the culture collection number (T = ex-type, ex-epitype, exneotype, or reference strain). in Six new species of Cladosporium associated with decayed leaves of native bamboo (Bambusoideae) in a fragment of Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE. (Continued) Multilocus phylogenetic tree inferred from Bayesian analysis based on the combined TEF1-α and ACT sequences. Bayesian posterior probabilities are indicated next to the nodes. The tree was rooted with Cladosporium herbarum CBS 121621. The species in this study are indicated in bold. Types of species are indicated after the culture collection number (T = ex-type, ex-epitype, exneotype, or reference strain).
FIGURE. Cladosporium aulonemiae (VIC 44413, holotype). A–D. Colonies on A. Potato dextrose agar; B. Malt extract agar; C. Oatmeal agar; D. Synthetic nutrient-poor agar, after 14 days at 25 ºC, under near-ultraviolet light, respectively. E–G. Macronematous conidiophores and numerous conidia; H–I. Formation of loci in close succession; I. Spread polysaccharide-like material; J. Micronematous conidiophores; K. Ramoconidia and conidia; L. Microcyclic conidiogenesis; M. Stromatic hyphal aggregation. Scale bars: E–M = 20 µM. in Six new species of Cladosporium associated with decayed leaves of native bamboo (Bambusoideae) in a fragment of Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE. Cladosporium aulonemiae (VIC 44413, holotype). A–D. Colonies on A. Potato dextrose agar; B. Malt extract agar; C. Oatmeal agar; D. Synthetic nutrient-poor agar, after 14 days at 25 ºC, under near-ultraviolet light, respectively. E–G. Macronematous conidiophores and numerous conidia; H–I. Formation of loci in close succession; I. Spread polysaccharide-like material; J. Micronematous conidiophores; K. Ramoconidia and conidia; L. Microcyclic conidiogenesis; M. Stromatic hyphal aggregation. Scale bars: E–M = 20 µM.
FIGURE 2. A–B in Taxonomic study of Myrtaceae in forest fragments in Amazonian Maranhão, Brazil
FIGURE 2. A–B. Flower buds and flowers in Calycolpus goetheanus. C–D. Flowers in Eugenia biflora. E–F. Flower buds and immature fruits in E. caducibracteata. G. Immature fruit in E. densiracemosa. H. Immature fruits in E. flavescens. I. Immature fruits in E. patens. J. Immature fruits in E. polystachya. K. Flowers in E. protenta. L–M. Flower buds and flowers in E. punicifolia. N–P. Flower buds, flowers and immature fruits in E. stictopetala.
FIGURE 3. A–B. Eugenia dittocrepis. A. Habit. B. Immature globose fruit. C–D. E. lambertiana. C. Habit. D in Taxonomic study of Myrtaceae in forest fragments in Amazonian Maranhão, Brazil
FIGURE 3. A–B. Eugenia dittocrepis. A. Habit. B. Immature globose fruit. C–D. E. lambertiana. C. Habit. D. Inflorescence in fascicle. E–H. E. patens. E. Habit. F. Inflorescence in a simple raceme. G. Flower bud. H. Fruits. I–M. E. patrisii. I. Habit. J. Inflorescence in raceme auxotelic. K. Flower bud. L. Imature fruit with indumentum. M. Mature glabrous fruit.
FIGURE 4. A–D. Eugenia polystachya. A. Habit. B in Taxonomic study of Myrtaceae in forest fragments in Amazonian Maranhão, Brazil
FIGURE 4. A–D. Eugenia polystachya. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence in a simple raceme. C. Flower bud. D. Fruit. E–G. E. wullschlaegeliana. E. Habit. F. Inflorescence in fascicle. G. Fruit. H–K. Myrcia cuprea. H. Habit. I. Inflorescence in panicle. J. Flower bud. K. Fruit. L–N. M. grandis. L. Habit. M. Inflorescence in panicle. N. Flower bud.
FIGURE 6. A-B. Myrcia minutiflora. A. Habit. B. Fruit. C–E. Myrcia neoclusiifolia. C. Habit. D in Taxonomic study of Myrtaceae in forest fragments in Amazonian Maranhão, Brazil
FIGURE 6. A-B. Myrcia minutiflora. A. Habit. B. Fruit. C–E. Myrcia neoclusiifolia. C. Habit. D. Inflorescence in panicle. E. Fruit. F–G. Myrcia neospeciosa. F. Habit. G. Fruit. H–J. Psidium acutangulum. H. Habit. I. Inflorescence in dichasia. J. Fruit.
FIGURE 5. A in Taxonomic study of Myrtaceae in forest fragments in Amazonian Maranhão, Brazil
FIGURE 5. A. Fruits in Myrcia amazonica. B. Flowers in Myrcia bracteata. C–D. Flowers and fruits in Myrcia cuprea. E–F. Flowers and immature fruits in M. eximia. G–H. Flowers in Myrcia guianensis. I–J. Flowers bud and immature fruits in Myrcia multiflora. K–L. Flowers bud and immature fruits in Myrcia selloi. M–N. Flowers and fruits in Myrcia splendens. O. Flowers in Myrciaria tenella. P. Fruit in Psidium guineense.
Supplementary material 1 from: Hermes C, Döpper A, Schaefer MH, Segelbacher G (2016) Effects of forest fragmentation on the morphological and genetic structure of a dispersal-limited, endangered bird species. Nature Conservation 16: 39-58. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.16.10905
Development of species-specific microsatellite primers : Explanation note: The supplementary material contains a detailed description of the development of a set of 10 microsatellite primers for the Ecuadorian Tapaculo, including primer sequences and gene bank accession numbers.
Data collection Tabanidae in Amazon Forest fragments of the state of Rondônia, Brazil
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Forest fragmentation effects on mutualistic interactions: Frugivorous birds and fruiting trees
<p>While many effects of forest fragmentation are reasonably well understood, knowledge of interspecific interactions in fragmented ecosystems is much more limited, particularly for high-diversity tropical forests. Using nearly 40 years of data from the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project in Central Amazonia, we assessed whether forest fragment area and time since isolation impact mutualistic interactions between frugivorous birds and their food resources. We used structural equation modeling to analyze the complex pathways between four main variables determining these interactions: fruiting tree abundance, frugivorous bird abundance, forest fragment area, and time since fragment isolation. Our results confirm that fragment area alters the abundance of some tree resources, with successional plant families increasing in abundance with decreasing fragment size. However, these changes do not drive alterations in the abundance of frugivorous birds. We also tested if bird species with a greater relative diet breadth are less vulnerable to forest fragmentation and found that specialist frugivores are more vulnerable to forest fragmentation immediately after isolation but are not differentially impacted within the long term. Collectively, our results demonstrate the need to further evaluate human-driven habitat change across multiple timescales to fully understand its impacts on complex species interactions.</p>
FIGURE 2. Anthurium caparaoense. A. Forest fragment. B. Terrestrial habit. C-D in Two new species of Anthurium (Araceae) from Caparaó National Park, southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 2. Anthurium caparaoense. A. Forest fragment. B. Terrestrial habit. C-D. Cataphylls, prophylls and petiole. E. Leaf blade green, slightly discolor. F. Spadix greenish at pre-anthesis. G. Spadix at anthesis with yellow pollen grains. H. Spadix at post-anthesis.
FIGURE 5 in A new miniaturized species of leaf chameleon, genus Brookesia, from a littoral forest fragment in eastern Madagascar
FIGURE 5. Morphological comparison of Brookesia nofy sp. nov. and B. ramanantsoai based on preserved specimens. The upper images show (A) the male holotype of B. nofy sp. nov. (ZSM 30/2024) and (B) a comparative male specimen of B. ramamantsoai (ZSM 10/2009; *image mirrored) in lateral view to illustrate the relatively longer tail in B. ramanantsoai. The lower images show (C–D) dorsal views of the heads of the B. nofy sp. nov. holotype and four comparative B. ramanantsoai specimens; in the upper row (C), the specifically distinct parts of the elevated cephalic ridges are indicated by blue respectively purple lines: a U-structure and two central ridges in B. nofy sp. nov. vs. three parallel longitudinal ridges in B. ramanantsoai. Scale bars = 1 mm.
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