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FIGURE 32. A–G, Mecophilus tupiniquim n in Revision of the Neotropical species of Aphilodontinae (Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae), with eight new species and a first phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily

FIGURE 32. A–G, Mecophilus tupiniquim n. sp. Male paratype (IBSP 6173): A, habitus, ventral; B, anterior part of body, dorsal; C, same, ventral; D, denticles of left forcipule, ventral; E, terminal part of body, ventral. Female holotype (IBSP 6172): F, terminal part of body, ventral; G, pretarsus of ultimate leg, lateral. Abbreviations: FD1: distal denticle of trochanteroprefemur; FD2: denticle of femur; FD3: denticle of tibia; DTA: denticle of tarsungulum; FPT: forcipular pretergite; FTE: forcipular tergite; PT: pretarsus. Scale bars: 1 (A), 0.1 (B–C, E–F), 0.02 (D, G) mm.

FIGURE 33. A–L, Mairata n. gen. diagnostic characters. Mairata itatiaiensis n in Revision of the Neotropical species of Aphilodontinae (Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae), with eight new species and a first phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily

FIGURE 33. A–L, Mairata n. gen. diagnostic characters. Mairata itatiaiensis n. sp. Male paratype (IBSP 6178): A, left antenna, ventral; F, article 3 of right telopodite of second maxillae, lateral. Mairata butantan n. sp. Male paratype (IBSP 6178): B, first and second maxillae, ventral; C, first maxillae, ventral; D, right telopodite of second maxillae, ventral; L, terminal part of body, ventral. Female paratype (IBSP 6178): E, article 3 of right telopodite of second maxillae, lateral; G, forcipular segment, ventral; H, right forcipule, ventral; I, tarsungulum and tibia of right forcipule, ventral; J, intermediate part of trunk, left side, lateral; K, terminal part of body, ventral. Abbreviations: DP: depression in pleural region; DTA: denticle of tarsugulum; TSU: tarsus; T2: article 2 of telopodite of second maxillae; T3: article 3 of telopodite of second maxillae. Scale bars: 0.5 (A, J–L), 0.1 (B, G–H), 0.05 (C–D, I), 0.01 (E–F) mm.

FIGURE 36. A–E, Mairata itatiaiensis n in Revision of the Neotropical species of Aphilodontinae (Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae), with eight new species and a first phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily

FIGURE 36. A–E, Mairata itatiaiensis n. sp. Female paratype (IBSP 6178): A, habitus, ventral; B, anterior part of body, dorsal; C, same, ventral; D, posterior part of body, ventral. Male paratype (IBSP 6178): E, posterior part of body, ventral. Abbreviation: COP: coxal pores. Scale bars: 2 (A), 0.5 (B–E) mm.

FIGURE 6. A–L in Revision of the Neotropical species of Aphilodontinae (Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae), with eight new species and a first phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily

FIGURE 6. A–L, Aphilodontinae mandible, first and second maxillae. Aphilodon caboclos n. sp. (IBSP 4073): A, left mandible, dorsal; K, apex of article 3 of the left telopodite of second maxillae. Aphilodon silvestrii n. sp. (IBSP 3665): B, pectinate lamella of left mandible, dorsal; C, pectinate lamella of right mandible, ventral; D, denticles of pectinate lamella, dorsal; E, first maxillae, ventral; F, apex of telopodite and medial projection of the first maxillary coxosternite, ventral; G, sensilla on distal article of telopodite of first maxillae, ventral; H, setae on distal article of telopodite of first maxillae, ventral; I, left telopodite of second maxillae, ventral; J, sensilla on the second maxillae coxosternite, ventral; L, sensilla on article 2 of telopodite of second maxillae, ventral. Abbreviations: BA: basal article of the first maxillary telopodite; CFM: coxosternite of first maxillae; DA: distal article of first maxillary telopodite; MPC: medial projection of the first maxillary coxosternite; PL: pectinate lamella; SE: setae; SF: scute filaments; SL: sensilla. Scale bars: 0.05 (A–C, I–J), 0.005 (D, G–H, K–L) mm.

FIGURE 5. A–D in Revision of the Neotropical species of Aphilodontinae (Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae), with eight new species and a first phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily

FIGURE 5. A–D, Aphilodontinae clypeus and labrum. Aphilodon indespectus n. sp. (IBSP 3653): A, clypeus, ventral. Aphilodon meganae n. sp. (IBSP 4070): B, middle part of clypeus, ventral. Aphilodon silvestrii n. sp. (IBSP 3665): C, labrum, ventral. Philacroterium weberi (Silvestri, 1909) n. comb. (KZN 8142): D, labrum, ventral. Abbreviations: LP: lateral pieces of labrum; LS: lateral setae of clypeus; PS: post-antennal setae of clypeus; SCS: sub-clypeal setae. Scale bars: 0.1 (A, C–D), 0.02 (B) mm.

FIGURE 3. A–D in Revision of the Neotropical species of Aphilodontinae (Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae), with eight new species and a first phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily

FIGURE 3. A–D, Aphilodontinae habitus, dorsal: A, Aphilodon silvestrii n. sp. (IBSP 3665); B, Mecophilus neotropicus Silvestri, 1909 (MNHG); C, Mairata itatiaiensis n. sp. (IBSP 6178); D, Philacroterium brevipes (Verhoeff, 1938) n. comb. (KZN 5033). Scale bars: 1 mm (A–D).

FIGURE 4. A–H, Aphilodontinae antenna. Aphilodon pereirai n in Revision of the Neotropical species of Aphilodontinae (Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae), with eight new species and a first phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily

FIGURE 4. A–H, Aphilodontinae antenna. Aphilodon pereirai n. sp. (IBSP 3784): A, left antenna, ventral. Mairata butantan n. sp. (IBSP 3663): B, left antenna, ventral. Aphilodon silvestrii n. sp. (IBSP 3665): C, last antennal article of the left antenna,,ventral. Aphilodon indespectus n. sp. (IBSP 3653): D, terminal part of the left antenna, lateral; E, terminal part of the last antennal article of the left antenna, lateral; F, claviform sensilla, ventral; G, specialized setae of type "a", ventral; H, specialized setae of type "b", ventral. Abbreviations: CSS: claviform sensilla; SSA: specialized setae of type "a". SSB: specialized setae of type "b". Scale bars: 0.5 (A–B), 0.1 (C–D), 0.025 (E), 0.005 (F–H) mm.

FIGURE 2 in Revision of the Neotropical species of Aphilodontinae (Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae), with eight new species and a first phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily

FIGURE 2. Morphological evolution in Aphilodontinae: character changes mapped on the most parsimonious tree obtained under equal weighing (Fig. 1). Black circles indicate non-homoplastic synapomorphies. White circles indicate homoplastic synapomorphies. The code number of each character is indicated above and its respective state below. Characters are described in Appendix 2. The revised genus-level classification here proposed is also indicated.

FIGURES 1‑8 in A New Dwarf Species, New Distribution Records, And Supplementary Descriptive Notes Of The Centipede Genus Ityphilus Cook, 1899 (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Ballophilidae) From Central Amazonia, Brazil

FIGURES 1‑8: (1-6): Ityphilus donatellae sp. nov., (female holotype; Brazil: Amazonas: 02°34'S, 60°06'W): (1) Left antenna, ventral; (2) Clypeus and bases of antennae; (3) Left side of first maxillae, dorsal; (4) Forcipular segment, ventral (a: chitin-lines); (5) Ultimate leg-bearing segment and postpedal segments, dorsal; (6) Ultimate leg-bearing segment and postpedal segments, ventral. (From Pereira et al., 2000). (7-8): Ityphilus donatellae sp. nov., (male paratype; Brazil: Amazonas: 02°34'S, 60°06'W): (7) Ultimate leg-bearing segment and postpedal segments, dorsal; (8) Ultimate leg-bearing segment and postpedal segments, ventral. (From Pereira et al., 2000). Scale bars: 0.03 mm (3); 0.1 mm (1, 2, 5-8); 0.2 mm (4).

FIGURES 15‑18 in A New Dwarf Species, New Distribution Records, And Supplementary Descriptive Notes Of The Centipede Genus Ityphilus Cook, 1899 (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Ballophilidae) From Central Amazonia, Brazil

FIGURES 15‑18: (15-16): Ityphilus crabilli Pereira, Minelli & Barbieri, 1994, (female holotype; Brazil: Amazonas: Rio Tarumã Mirím): (15) Left a.a. V, ventral (a, b: a, b type sensilla); (16) Left a.a. V, dorsal (a, b, c: a, b, c type sensilla). (17): Ityphilus crabilli Pereira, Minelli & Barbieri, 1994, (juvenile (female?); Brazil: Amazonas: 02°34'S, 60°06'W): Ultimate leg-bearing segment and postpedal segments, ventral. (18): Ityphilus demoraisi Pereira, Minelli & Barbieri, 1995, (male (Specimen "A"); Brazil: Amazonas: 02°34'S, 60°06'W): Ultimate legbearing segment and postpedal segments, dorsal. Scale bars: 0.05 mm (15, 16); 0.2 mm (17); 0.4 mm (18).

FIGURES 30‑34 in A New Dwarf Species, New Distribution Records, And Supplementary Descriptive Notes Of The Centipede Genus Ityphilus Cook, 1899 (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Ballophilidae) From Central Amazonia, Brazil

FIGURES 30‑34: (30): Ityphilus betschi Pereira, 2010, (male holotype; French Guiana: piste de St. Elie; 16 km from Sinnamary): Penultimate and ultimate leg-bearing segments, and postpedal segments, ventral (a: pore-field). (Modified from Pereira, 2010). (31): Ityphilus mauriesi Demange & Pereira, 1985, (female holotype; French Antilles: Guadeloupe): Sternite of ultimate leg-bearing segment (a: ovoid prominences). (Modified from Demange & Pereira, 1985). (32-34): Ityphilus krausi Pereira & Minelli, 1996, (male holotype; Peru: Atiquipa): (32) Sternite of leg-bearing segment 28; (33) Sternite of leg-bearing segment 34; (34) Sternite of leg-bearing segment 40. (After Pereira & Minelli, 1996). Scale bars: 0.3 mm (32-34); 1.0 mm (30); no scale available (31).

FIGURE 35 in A New Dwarf Species, New Distribution Records, And Supplementary Descriptive Notes Of The Centipede Genus Ityphilus Cook, 1899 (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Ballophilidae) From Central Amazonia, Brazil

FIGURE 35: Map of the Colombian Andean region showing the Oriental, Central, and Occidental Cordillera. The black dot between the two last (in the Cauca River Valley), indicates the approximate location of the type locality of Ityphilus calinus Chamberlin, 1957.

FIGURES 19‑23 in A New Dwarf Species, New Distribution Records, And Supplementary Descriptive Notes Of The Centipede Genus Ityphilus Cook, 1899 (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Ballophilidae) From Central Amazonia, Brazil

FIGURES 19‑23: Ityphilus demoraisi Pereira, Minelli & Barbieri, 1995, (male (Specimen "A"); Brazil: Amazonas: 02°34'S, 60°06'W): (19) Ultimate leg-bearing segment and postpedal segments, ventral; (20) Right coxal organs, ventral; (21) Detail of postpedal segments, ventral; (22) Right gonopod, ventral; (23) Penis, dorsal. Scale bars: 0.05 mm (20, 22, 23); 0.2 mm (21); 0.4 mm (19).

FIGURES 13‑17 in Discovery Of A Second Geophilomorph Species (Myriapoda: Chilopoda) Having Twenty-Seven Leg-Bearing Segments, The Lowest Number Recorded Up To The Present In The Centipede Order Geophilomorpha

FIGURES 13‑17: Schendylops ramirezi sp. nov., (female holotype; Brazil: RJ: Ilha Grande): (13) Clypeus and bases of antennae (a: lateral setae of clypeus); (14) Labrum; (15) Ventral view of anterior region of the body, showing clypeus, labrum, bases of antennae, forcipular segment, leg-bearing segment 1, and small anterior portion of leg-bearing segment 2 (first and second maxillae not drawn); (16) Duct and calyx of poison gland in right forcipular telopodite, ventral; (17) Detail of calyx of right poison gland, ventral. Scale bars: 0.02 mm (17); 0.05 mm (14); 0.1 mm (16); 0.2 mm (13, 15).

FIGURES 8‑12 in Discovery Of A Second Geophilomorph Species (Myriapoda: Chilopoda) Having Twenty-Seven Leg-Bearing Segments, The Lowest Number Recorded Up To The Present In The Centipede Order Geophilomorpha

FIGURES 8‑12: Schendylops ramirezi sp. nov., (female holotype; Brazil: RJ: Ilha Grande): (8) Left a.a. II, dorsal (a: a type sensilla); (9) Left a.a. V, dorsal (a, b: a, b type sensilla); (10) Left a.a. IX, dorsal (a, b, c: a, b, c type sensilla); (11) Left a.a. XIII, dorsal (a, b, c: a, b, c type sensilla); (12) Dorsal view of anterior region of the body, showing cephalic shield, bases of antennae, forcipular segment, leg-bearing segment 1, and small anterior portion of leg-bearing segment 2. Scale bars: 0.05 mm (8-11); 0.2 mm (12).

FIGURES 1‑7 in Discovery Of A Second Geophilomorph Species (Myriapoda: Chilopoda) Having Twenty-Seven Leg-Bearing Segments, The Lowest Number Recorded Up To The Present In The Centipede Order Geophilomorpha

FIGURES 1‑7: Schendylops ramirezi sp. nov., (female holotype; Brazil: RJ: Ilha Grande): (1) Left a.a. I-VI, ventral; (2) Left a.a. VII-XIV, ventral; (3) Left a.a. XIV, ventral; (4) Left a.a. II, ventral (b: b type sensilla); (5) Left a.a. V, ventral (a, b: a, b type sensilla); (6) Left a.a. IX, ventral (a, b: a, b type sensilla); (7) Left a.a. XIII, ventral (a, b: a, b type sensilla). Scale bars: 0.03 mm (3); 0.05 mm (4-7); 0.2 mm (1, 2).

FIGURES 21‑26 in Discovery Of A Second Geophilomorph Species (Myriapoda: Chilopoda) Having Twenty-Seven Leg-Bearing Segments, The Lowest Number Recorded Up To The Present In The Centipede Order Geophilomorpha

FIGURES 21‑26: Schendylops ramirezi sp. nov., (female holotype; Brazil: RJ: Ilha Grande): (21) Left leg (pair 1), ventral; (22) Left leg (pair 2), ventral; (23) Left leg (pair 4), ventral; (24) Left leg (pair 14), ventral; (25) Left leg (pair 28), ventral; (26) Claw of left leg (pair 13), antero-ventral view. Scale bars: 0.02 mm (26); 0.1 mm (21-25).

FIGURES 18‑20 in Discovery Of A Second Geophilomorph Species (Myriapoda: Chilopoda) Having Twenty-Seven Leg-Bearing Segments, The Lowest Number Recorded Up To The Present In The Centipede Order Geophilomorpha

FIGURES 18‑20: Schendylops ramirezi sp. nov., (female holotype; Brazil: RJ: Ilha Grande): (18) Detail of ventral internal edge of right forcipular tarsungulum (a: sensilla); (19) Left forcipular telopodite, showing sensilla on medial edge of trochanteroprefemur and tibia (a: sensilla); (20) Detail of sensilla on trochanteroprefemur and tibia of left forcipular telopodite, ventral (a: sensilla). Scale bars: 0.02 mm (18); 0.05 mm (19, 20).

FIGURES 27‑35 in Discovery Of A Second Geophilomorph Species (Myriapoda: Chilopoda) Having Twenty-Seven Leg-Bearing Segments, The Lowest Number Recorded Up To The Present In The Centipede Order Geophilomorpha

FIGURES 27‑35: Schendylops ramirezi sp. nov., (female holotype; Brazil: RJ: Ilha Grande): (27) Leg-bearing segments 25-26, ventral (a: spermathecae); (28) Sternite 2; (29) Sternite 3; (30) Sternite 4; (31) Sternite 5; (32) Sternite 6; (33) Sternite 7; (34) Sternite 8; (35) Sternite 9. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (28-35); 0.2 mm (27).