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FIGURES 186–190 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna

FIGURES 186–190. Stigmella andina (Meyrick) (after Puplesis & Robinson 2000). 186 female adult, paralectotype; 187, male adult, lectotype; 188, male genitalia, slide no. 28841, capsule; 189, same, valva; 190, same, phallus (BMNH).

FIGURES 32–33 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna

FIGURES 32–33. Details of morphology and bionomics. 32, abdominal apex of female of Stigmella calceolarifoliae sp. n.; 33, leaf-mines of S. paramica sp. n. in Pentacalia leaf, and cocoon.

FIGURES 196–199 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna

FIGURES 196–199. Male genitalia of Stigmella kristenseni Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., holotype, genitalia slide no. AD670. 196, valvae; 197, uncus, gnathos and transtilla; 198, basal part of valvae and ventral plate of vinculum; 199, apex of phallus (ZMUC).

FIGURES 6–10 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna

FIGURES 6–10. Habitats: shrub-dominated páramo and Polylepis forest near volcano Antisana and Papallacta Pass (Ecuador: Napo Province) at altitudes about 3700–3900 m, 0°21'45"S, 78°11'35"W. 6, view of volcano Antisana; 7, a relict stand of high- Andean Polylepis; 8–10, shrub-dominated páramo SE of Papallacta Pass.

FIGURES 118–122. Stigmella schoorli Puplesis & Robinson. 118, 119 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna

FIGURES 118–122. Stigmella schoorli Puplesis & Robinson. 118, 119, male adult; 120, male genitalia, capsule without phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. Diškus201; 121, same, holotype, genitalia slide no. Diškus200 (after Puplesis & Robinson 2000); 122, phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. Diškus201 (ZMUC).

FIGURES 98–102 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna

FIGURES 98–102. Stigmella altiplanica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 98, male adult, holotype; 99, same, left side; 100, male genitalia, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD647, capsule without phallus; 101, same, phallus; 102, same, dorsal view of capsule (ZMUC).

FIGURES 191–195 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna

FIGURES 191–195. Stigmella kristenseni Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 191, 192, holotype, male adult; 193, holotype, male genitalia, slide no. AD670, capsule with phallus removed; 194, same, focused from ventral to more dorsal view; 195, same, phallus (ZMUC).

opennotspecifiedDec 2008View details →

FIGURES 1–4 in Two new high-altitude species of the genus Omphreus Dejean (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalinae) from Serbia

FIGURES 1–4. Omphreus (Omphreus) ovcarensis n. sp. from the village of Ovċar Banja, Mt. Ovċar, Serbia. 1—holotype male, habitus (dorsal view); 2—holotype male, aedeagus (dorsal view); 3—holotype male, aedeagus (lateral view); 4—paratype female, genitalia. Scale lines 1.00 mm.

opennotspecifiedDec 2008View details →

FIGURES 5–9 in Two new high-altitude species of the genus Omphreus Dejean (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalinae) from Serbia

FIGURES 5–9. Omphreus (Omphreus) serbooccidentalis n. sp. from the village of Mrċiċi, Bukovi Peak, Mt. Maljen, Serbia. 5—holotype male, habitus (dorsal view); 6—holotype male, aedeagus (dorsal view); 7—holotype male, aedeagus (lateral view); 8—paratype female, genitalia; 9—holotype male, abdominal sternite IX (urite). Scale lines 1.00 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

Sentinel-2 derived Chlorophyll-a prediction maps for high-altitude lakes in the Sierra Nevada, Spain

This dataset contains chlorophyll-a (ug/L) predictions for 4 high-altitude lakes in the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range, Spain. Predictions were made using a simple linear regression model with field sample chlorophyll-a as the dependent variable, and the following Sentinel-2 derived spectral index as the independent variable:B3 - (B4+((B2-B4)*((665-560)/(665-490)))Prediction maps are included as GeoTiffs and NetCDF files. Sentinel-2 data were atmospherically corrected using the following algorithms: <ul><li><a href="https://github.com/acolite/acolite/releases/tag/20221114.0">ACOLITE</a> (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.07.015">Vanhellemont & Ruddick, 2018</a>)</li><li><a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass83/manuals/i.atcorr.html">6SV</a> (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/36.581987">Vermote et al. 2006</a>)</li></ul>Included Lakes and and their IDs:<ul><li>Laguna de la Caldera (ID = P-2)</li><li>Laguna-embalse de las Yeguas (ID = D-6)</li><li>Laguna de Río Seco (ID = P-8)</li><li>Laguna Larga (ID = G-7)</li></ul>

openNov 2023View details →

Investigation of cirrus clouds properties in the Tropical Tropopause Layer using high-altitude limb scanning near-IR spectroscopy during the NASA-ATTREX Experiment

Data results of the findings of the AMT-2023-85 research article, titled: "Investigation of cirrus clouds properties in the Tropical Tropopause Layer using high-altitude limb scanning near-IR spectroscopy during the NASA-ATTREX Experiment", submitted to the Atmospheric Measurement Techniques journal on 20 Apr 2023.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

HighResClimNevada: a high-resolution climatological dataset for a high-altitude region in Southern Spain (Sierra Nevada)

Codes and data made available as part of the data paper "HighResClimNevada: a high-resolution climatological dataset for a high-altitude region in Southern Spain (Sierra Nevada)" publication. This work  presents the HighResClimNevada database, a climatic database for Sierra Nevada (southern Spain) based on data modeled with the Weather Research and Forecasting model. The data used as a reference for the evaluation of HighResClimNevada are freely available online at the websites of the different institutions that develop it, so they are not available here. This research was financially supported by the project "Plan Complementario de I+D+i en el área de Biodiversidad (PCBIO)" funded by the European Union within the framework of the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan - NextGenerationEU and by the Regional Government of Andalucia, the project PID2021-126401OB-I00, funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by FEDER, UE; and LifeWatch-2019-10-UGR-01 co-funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation through the FEDER funds from the Spanish Pluriregional Operational Program 2014–2020 (POPE) LifeWatch-ERIC action line; and P20_00035 funded by FEDER/Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades.

opennotspecifiedAug 2011View details →

Subspecies and Distribution. S. s. scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 — W Europe, from Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Czech Republic to N Italy and N Iberian Peninsula; possibly also Albania. The taxonomic status of animals in Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Slovakia is unclear but presumably these populations are included in scrofa, as are the populations of Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic states. However, restocking of once depleted populations, for example in Italy, has likely involved the introduction and mixing of this subspecies with other subspecies, such as attila. S. s. affinis Gray, 1847 — S India and Sri Lanka. S. s. algirus Loche, 1867 — Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, on the coastal side of the mountains or in the low montane areas. S. s. attila Thomas, 1912 — Hungary, Ukraine, C & S Belarus, Romania, Moldova, and S Russia towards the N flank of the Caucasus, but not including the Transcaucasian countries of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The range possibly extends as far S as the Mesopotamian Delta in Iraq, in which case it would likely include W & SW Iran, and possibly E Turkey and Syria, where it borders with lybicus. Such a range could not be easily reconciled with a statement by Groves that "the difference between pigs from N and S of the Caucasus is quite striking; Transcaucasian boars are certainly not attila." This subspecies may also extend into C Asia and include Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, but no data exist to support this. S. s. baeticus Thomas, 1912 — originally described from Coto Donana, S Spain, and later merged with meridionalis; also S Portugal. Unless evidence is found that these Italian and Iberian populations are the relics of a much larger formerly contiguous range, this subspecies should be kept as distinct. S. s. coreanus Heude, 1897 — Korean Peninsula. S. s. eristatus Wagner, 1839 — Himalayas S to C India and E to Indochina (N of the Kra Isthmus). S. s. davidi Groves, 1981 — the arid zone from E Iran to Gujarat, including Pakistan and NW India, and perhaps N to Tajikistan. S. s. leucomystax Temminck, 1842 — main Is ofJapan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nakadori, Hiburijima, Tojima, Kushima, and other smaller Is). S. s. lybicus Gray, 1868 — Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, in the past also in Lybia, and Egypt. The former Yugoslavia was included in its range, which would suggest that now Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Kosovo are within the range of this subspecies, although the exact boundaries are unclear. Pigs from Albania have been assigned to S. s. scrofa. S. s. majori De Beaux & Festa, 1927 — C & S Italian Peninsula. S. s. menidionalis Forsyth Major, 1882 — Corsica and Sardinia, with the proviso that the two populations are very likely to be introduced or feral. S. s. moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1871 — China, S to Vietnam and W to Sichuan. S. s. nigripes Blanford, 1875 — the flanks of the Tianshan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and NW China (Xinjiang). An animal photographed in NE Iran (Golestan) looked like this subspecies. S. s. nukiuanus Kuroda, 1924 — Iriomote, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Tokunoshima, Amamioshima, and Kakerome Is in the Ryukyu chain in extreme S Japan, though some of these populations have hybridized with introduced domesticates. S. s. sibiricus Staffe, 1922 — Mongolia and Transbaikal (S & E of Lake Baikal). S. s. tawvanus Swinhoe, 1863 — Taiwan. S. s. ussuricus Heude, 1888 — far E Russia and the Manchurian region (China). Korean populations were previously included in this subspecies, but based on new evidence, the Korean taxon seems more similar to moupinensis. S. s. vittatus Boie, 1828 — Malay Peninsula, S of the Isthmus of Kra, the offshore islands of Terutai and Langkawi, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Java, Bali, and a range of smaller islands around these, including Babi, Bakong, Batam, Bawean, Bengkalis, Bintan, Bulan, Bunguran, Cuyo, Deli, Durian, Enggano, Galang, Jambongan, Karimon (Riau Is), Kundur, Lagong, Laut, Lingga, Lingung, Mapor, Moro Kecil, North Pagai, Nias, Panaitan, Payong, Penang, Pinie, Rupat, Siantan, Siberut, Simeulue, Singkep, Sugi, Sugi Bawa, Telibon, Tinggi, Tuangku, and the Tambelan Is. This species was originally present from the British Is in the extreme W, through Eurasia from S Scandinavia to S Siberia, extending as far E as Korea and Japan, and SE into some of the Sunda Is and Taiwan. In the S the species ranged along the Nile Valley to Khartoum, and N of the Sahara in Africa, more orless following the continental coasts of S, E, and SE Asia. Within this range it was absent only from extremely dry deserts, e.g. the driest regions of Mongolia and in China W of Sichuan; and alpine zones, such as the high altitudes of Pamir and Tien Shan. In recent centuries, the range of S. scrofa has changed dramatically because of hunting and changes in available habitat. The species disappeared from the British Is in the 17" century, from Denmark in the 19" century, and was greatly reduced in range and numbers in the 20" century from areas as distant as Tunisia, Sudan, Germany, and Russia. Following these severe declines, there were some slight population recoveries in Russia, Italy, Spain, and Germany in the mid-20™ century, and natural and assisted range expansions in Denmark and Sweden. The species has also been inadvertently reintroduced in various locations in the Great Britain via escapees of mixed origin from commercial farming enterprises. Ex-S. scrofa stocks also occur as introduced feral populations in various other parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, the eastern Malay Archipelago, and in North, Central, and South America. In all of these areas they are now generally recognized as a major pest. in Suidae

Subspecies and Distribution. S. s. scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 — W Europe, from Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Czech Republic to N Italy and N Iberian Peninsula; possibly also Albania. The taxonomic status of animals in Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Slovakia is unclear but presumably these populations are included in scrofa, as are the populations of Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic states. However, restocking of once depleted populations, for example in Italy, has likely involved the introduction and mixing of this subspecies with other subspecies, such as attila. S. s. affinis Gray, 1847 — S India and Sri Lanka. S. s. algirus Loche, 1867 — Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, on the coastal side of the mountains or in the low montane areas. S. s. attila Thomas, 1912 — Hungary, Ukraine, C & S Belarus, Romania, Moldova, and S Russia towards the N flank of the Caucasus, but not including the Transcaucasian countries of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The range possibly extends as far S as the Mesopotamian Delta in Iraq, in which case it would likely include W & SW Iran, and possibly E Turkey and Syria, where it borders with lybicus. Such a range could not be easily reconciled with a statement by Groves that "the difference between pigs from N and S of the Caucasus is quite striking; Transcaucasian boars are certainly not attila." This subspecies may also extend into C Asia and include Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, but no data exist to support this. S. s. baeticus Thomas, 1912 — originally described from Coto Donana, S Spain, and later merged with meridionalis; also S Portugal. Unless evidence is found that these Italian and Iberian populations are the relics of a much larger formerly contiguous range, this subspecies should be kept as distinct. S. s. coreanus Heude, 1897 — Korean Peninsula. S. s. eristatus Wagner, 1839 — Himalayas S to C India and E to Indochina (N of the Kra Isthmus). S. s. davidi Groves, 1981 — the arid zone from E Iran to Gujarat, including Pakistan and NW India, and perhaps N to Tajikistan. S. s. leucomystax Temminck, 1842 — main Is ofJapan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nakadori, Hiburijima, Tojima, Kushima, and other smaller Is). S. s. lybicus Gray, 1868 — Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, in the past also in Lybia, and Egypt. The former Yugoslavia was included in its range, which would suggest that now Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Kosovo are within the range of this subspecies, although the exact boundaries are unclear. Pigs from Albania have been assigned to S. s. scrofa. S. s. majori De Beaux & Festa, 1927 — C & S Italian Peninsula. S. s. menidionalis Forsyth Major, 1882 — Corsica and Sardinia, with the proviso that the two populations are very likely to be introduced or feral. S. s. moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1871 — China, S to Vietnam and W to Sichuan. S. s. nigripes Blanford, 1875 — the flanks of the Tianshan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and NW China (Xinjiang). An animal photographed in NE Iran (Golestan) looked like this subspecies. S. s. nukiuanus Kuroda, 1924 — Iriomote, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Tokunoshima, Amamioshima, and Kakerome Is in the Ryukyu chain in extreme S Japan, though some of these populations have hybridized with introduced domesticates. S. s. sibiricus Staffe, 1922 — Mongolia and Transbaikal (S & E of Lake Baikal). S. s. tawvanus Swinhoe, 1863 — Taiwan. S. s. ussuricus Heude, 1888 — far E Russia and the Manchurian region (China). Korean populations were previously included in this subspecies, but based on new evidence, the Korean taxon seems more similar to moupinensis. S. s. vittatus Boie, 1828 — Malay Peninsula, S of the Isthmus of Kra, the offshore islands of Terutai and Langkawi, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Java, Bali, and a range of smaller islands around these, including Babi, Bakong, Batam, Bawean, Bengkalis, Bintan, Bulan, Bunguran, Cuyo, Deli, Durian, Enggano, Galang, Jambongan, Karimon (Riau Is), Kundur, Lagong, Laut, Lingga, Lingung, Mapor, Moro Kecil, North Pagai, Nias, Panaitan, Payong, Penang, Pinie, Rupat, Siantan, Siberut, Simeulue, Singkep, Sugi, Sugi Bawa, Telibon, Tinggi, Tuangku, and the Tambelan Is. This species was originally present from the British Is in the extreme W, through Eurasia from S Scandinavia to S Siberia, extending as far E as Korea and Japan, and SE into some of the Sunda Is and Taiwan. In the S the species ranged along the Nile Valley to Khartoum, and N of the Sahara in Africa, more orless following the continental coasts of S, E, and SE Asia. Within this range it was absent only from extremely dry deserts, e.g. the driest regions of Mongolia and in China W of Sichuan; and alpine zones, such as the high altitudes of Pamir and Tien Shan. In recent centuries, the range of S. scrofa has changed dramatically because of hunting and changes in available habitat. The species disappeared from the British Is in the 17" century, from Denmark in the 19" century, and was greatly reduced in range and numbers in the 20" century from areas as distant as Tunisia, Sudan, Germany, and Russia. Following these severe declines, there were some slight population recoveries in Russia, Italy, Spain, and Germany in the mid-20™ century, and natural and assisted range expansions in Denmark and Sweden. The species has also been inadvertently reintroduced in various locations in the Great Britain via escapees of mixed origin from commercial farming enterprises. Ex-S. scrofa stocks also occur as introduced feral populations in various other parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, the eastern Malay Archipelago, and in North, Central, and South America. In all of these areas they are now generally recognized as a major pest.

FIGURE 6. Hyphinomos svenhedini Ramme, 1950 in Revision of the high-altitude genus Hyphinomos Uvarov, 1921 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with a redescription and new data on mating behavior and acoustic signals of H. svenhedini Ramme, 1950

FIGURE 6. Hyphinomos svenhedini Ramme, 1950 (A) female head, pronotum and forewing, (B) male head, pronotum and forewing, (C) maxillary palpi, (D) female head and pronotum, (E) front view of face and (F) top view of fore tibia showing external and internal tympanum. Scale 5mm.

FIGURE 1 in Revision of the high-altitude genus Hyphinomos Uvarov, 1921 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with a redescription and new data on mating behavior and acoustic signals of H. svenhedini Ramme, 1950

FIGURE 1. Map showing type localities of Hyphinomos fasciata Uvarov, 1921 (in Dakar, Western Tibet, China) and H. svenhedini Ramme, 1950 (in Hanle, Indus Valley, Ladakh and Lahaul, Himachal Pradesh, India). Zanskar and Shashi lake, Kargil, Ladakh are additional locations from where H. svenhedini has been reported. Area highlighted in green is Ladakh, U.T., pink: Kargil district of Ladakh, blue: Lahaul and Spiti district in Himachal Pradesh.

FIGURE 12 in Revision of the high-altitude genus Hyphinomos Uvarov, 1921 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with a redescription and new data on mating behavior and acoustic signals of H. svenhedini Ramme, 1950

FIGURE 12. Male and female of Hyphinomos svenhedini Ramme, 1950 (A) exhibiting end-to-end copulation position in laboratory condition and (B) in natural habitat.

FIGURE 5. Hyphinomos svenhedini Ramme, 1950 in Revision of the high-altitude genus Hyphinomos Uvarov, 1921 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with a redescription and new data on mating behavior and acoustic signals of H. svenhedini Ramme, 1950

FIGURE 5. Hyphinomos svenhedini Ramme, 1950 (A & B) female and (C & D) male in dorsal and lateral view respectively. Scale 14mm.

FIGURE 9 in Revision of the high-altitude genus Hyphinomos Uvarov, 1921 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with a redescription and new data on mating behavior and acoustic signals of H. svenhedini Ramme, 1950

FIGURE 9. Variation in the shape and number of teeth present in the anal cerci between three males of Hyphinomos svenhedini Ramme, 1950 from Shashi lake. Two image panels show anal cerci of left and right sides of same individual.

FIGURE 8. Hyphinomos svenhedini Ramme, 1950 in Revision of the high-altitude genus Hyphinomos Uvarov, 1921 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with a redescription and new data on mating behavior and acoustic signals of H. svenhedini Ramme, 1950

FIGURE 8. Hyphinomos svenhedini Ramme, 1950 (A) apical view of male abdomen, (B) lateral view of male supra anal and subgenital plate, (C) dorsal view of male supra anal plate, (D) dorsal view of male subgenital plate, (E) dorsal view of female subgenital plate and (F) female supra anal plate. Scale 1mm.

FIGURE 7. Hyphinomos svenhedini Ramme, 1950 in Revision of the high-altitude genus Hyphinomos Uvarov, 1921 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with a redescription and new data on mating behavior and acoustic signals of H. svenhedini Ramme, 1950

FIGURE 7. Hyphinomos svenhedini Ramme, 1950 (A) right side forewing in ventral view showing stridulatory file present on PCuA, Scale 1mm and (B)scanning electron micrograph of the stridulatory teeth, Scale 10μm.