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1,039 results for “Hubbard Brook”
Forest Inventory of a Northern Hardwood Forest: Watershed 6 2007, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest
Forest inventory surveys were initiated in 1965, repeated in 1977, and repeated at 5 year intervals after that; this data set was collected in summer of 2007. The inventory consists of a total inventory of all trees >=10 cm diameter-at-breast-height (dbh) on the whole of the watershed (13.23 ha), as measured in each of the 208 25 m x 25 m plots. Trees >=2 to <=10 cm dbh were subsampled using a 3 meter wide strip along one edge of each 25 m x 25 m plot. With the addition of tree tags in 2002 on all trees >=10 cm dbh, tracking of individual trees is now possible. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Forest Inventory of a Northern Hardwood Forest: Watershed 6, 2012, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest
Forest inventory surveys were initiated in 1965, repeated in 1977, and repeated at 5 year intervals after that; this data set was collected in summer of 2012. The inventory consists of a total inventory of all trees >=10 cm diameter-at-breast-height (dbh) on the whole of the watershed (13.23 ha), as measured in each of the 208 25 m x 25 m plots. Trees >=2 to <=10 cm dbh were subsampled using a 3 meter wide strip along one edge of each 25 m x 25 m plot. With the addition of tree tags in 2002 on all trees >=10 cm dbh, tracking of individual trees is now possible. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Forest Inventory of a Whole Tree Harvest: Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Watershed 5, 2004, 20 years post-harvest
A whole-tree harvest was conducted during the dormant season of 1983-1984 in order to assess ecosystem response to whole-tree logging operations. Pre-harvest forest inventory surveys were conducted in 1982 on the whole of the watershed. Post-harvest surveys were conducted in 1990, 1994 and every 5 years thereafter. This dataset was collected in summer of 2004. Survey methods differed between years due to the variability These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Forest Inventory of a Whole Tree Harvest: Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Watershed 5, 2009, 25 years post-harvest
A whole-tree harvest was conducted during the dormant season of 1983-1984 in order to assess ecosystem response to whole-tree logging operations. Pre-harvest forest inventory surveys were conducted in 1982 on the whole of the watershed. Post-harvest surveys were conducted in 1990, 1994 and every 5 years thereafter. This dataset was collected in summer of 2009. Survey methods differed between years due to the variability These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Fine Root Data at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 1998 and 2013 collections
We restored calcium to soils of a forested watershed at Hubbard Brook and measured the response of fine root biomass fourteen years after treatment. Fine root samples were collected in Watershed 1 and the Bear Brook Watershed reference forest, located to the west of Watershed 6, in 1998 (pre-Ca treatment) and in 2013. In this northern hardwood forest fine root (< 1 mm diameter) biomass declined significantly in the Ca addition treatment relative to pretreatment and reference forest conditions. The decline was greatest in the high-elevation hardwood zone of the watershed where soils are thinnest and most base poor. In that zone fine roots were distributed more shallowly after treatment than for reference conditions. We suggest that relatively higher tree C allocation to roots contributes to depressed aboveground productivity in acidified northern hardwood forest ecosystems.
Forest Inventory of the DroughtNet plots at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest
A throughfall removal manipulation is being carried out within a beech, birch and maple forest stand at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest as part of the Northern Forest DroughtNet project, in collaboration with Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE). Two 15 x 15 m plots have a series of troughs covering 50% of the surface area to remove throughfall and reduce soil moisture, in order to simulate a 1st percentile drought based on the long term meteorological record. DBH measurements were recorded for all trees > 10 cm DBH beginning in spring of 2014, and remeasured annually. Drought and control plots will be compared to determine the effect of reduced soil moisture availability on tree growth. This dataset includes measurements from 2014. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Forest Inventory of the Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) plots at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest
DBH was measured for all trees greater than or equal to 5 cm DBH within Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) plots. Reference (or control) plots are shared with the collaborating Northern Forest DroughtNet experiment. There are six plots total (each 11 x 14m). Two are warmed 5 degrees C throughout the growing season (Plots 3 and 4). Two others are warmed 5 degrees C in the growing season and have snow removed during winter to induce soil freeze/thaw cycles (Plots 5 and 6). Four kilometers (2.5 mi) of heating cable are buried in the soil to warm these four plots. Two additional plots serve as controls for our experiment (Plots 1 and 2). This data set includes tree dbh measurements for 2012. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Forest Inventory of the Ice Storm Experiment (ISE) plots at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest
As the climate changes, it is thought that ice storms will begin to occur with increasing frequency. This project evaluates the damage and changes ice storms cause to northern hardwood forests in forest structure, nutrient cycling and carbon storage. Ten 20x30 meter plots were established in a predominately sugar maple stand, with four icing treatments and 2 control plots. This data set includes species and diameter breats height measurements of every tree with a DBH greater than or equal to 5 cm, as of June 2015. Trees will be remeasured every spring until 2019. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Nitrate Isotopic Composition, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Watershed 3, 2011
Despite decades of measurements, the nitrogen balance of temperate forest catchments remains poorly understood. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition often greatly exceeds streamwater nitrogen losses; the fate of the remaining nitrogen is highly uncertain. Gaseous losses of nitrogen to denitrification are especially poorly documented and are often ignored. Here, we provide isotopic evidence (δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3) from shallow groundwater at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest indicating extensive denitrification during midsummer, when transient, perched patches of saturation developed in hillslopes, with poor hydrological connectivity to the stream, while streamwater showed no isotopic evidence of denitrification. During small rain events, precipitation directly contributed up to 34% of streamwater nitrate, which was otherwise produced by nitrification. Together, these measurements reveal the importance of denitrification in hydrologically disconnected patches of shallow groundwater during midsummer as largely overlooked control points for nitrogen loss from temperate forest catchments. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Silicon content of canopy foliage along an elevation gradient near W6 at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 1998-2008
Leaf tissue was collected for the three dominant tree species; sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), American beech (Fagus grandifolia Erhr.), and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) at the full-grown stage in August of each year. Individual leaves were collected from manually cut branches throughout the canopies of trees at different elevations in the Bear Brook area west of, and representative of, W6. Fifteen trees (five per species in the low, middle and high elevation zones) were sampled each year from 1998-2008. Leaf samples were handled with nitrile gloves at all stages. The leaf samples were composited by species, dried (60C) and ground (mortar and pestle) before analysis. Total biogenic silicon (SiO2) content was measured for every second year using a single-step chemical extraction. Measurements were aimed to estimate annual Si uptake, and standing Si stocks in living biomass for northern hardwood forest. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Soil and Air Temperature
Soil temperature was measured on all Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) plots. Reference (or control) plots are shared with the collaborating Northern Forest DroughtNet experiment. There are six plots total (each 11 x 14m). Two are warmed 5 degrees C throughout the growing season (Plots 3 and 4). Two others are warmed 5 degrees C in the growing season and have snow removed during winter to induce soil freeze/thaw cycles (Plots 5 and 6). Four kilometers (2.5 mi) of heating cable are buried in the soil to warm these four plots. Two additional plots serve as controls for our experiment (Plots 1 and 2). This data set includes tree dbh measurements for 2012. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) Sapling Study at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Foliar Nitrogen
Foliar nitrogen concentrations of red maple and sugar maple saplings experiencing combinations of soil warming and winter freeze-thaw cycles were measured during the growing season of 2014 and 2015 as an indicator of plant nitrogen status. There were seven treatments for each species of maple. For each species, ten saplings experienced ambient temperatures (reference), ten experienced growing season warming with no induced freeze-thaw cycles in winter (warmed), ten in each of four groups experienced warming in the growing season coupled with two, four, six, or eight soil freeze-thaw cycles in winter (warmed + 2 FTC, warmed + 4 FTC, warmed + 6 FTC, warmed + 8 FTC), and ten experienced snow removal in winter with ambient temperatures in the growing-season (snow removal). These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) Sapling Study at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Photosynthesis
Rates of leaf-level photosynthesis of red maple and sugar maple saplings experiencing combinations of soil warming and winter freeze-thaw cycles was measured biweekly on fully expanded, intact leaves from June through August 2014 and June through September 2015 using a LI-6400. There were seven treatments for each species of maple. For each species, ten saplings experienced ambient temperatures (reference), ten experienced growing season warming with no induced freeze-thaw cycles in winter (warmed), ten in each of four groups experienced warming in the growing season coupled with two, four, six, or eight soil freeze-thaw cycles in winter (warmed + 2 FTC, warmed + 4 FTC, warmed + 6 FTC, warmed + 8 FTC), and ten experienced snow removal in winter with ambient temperatures in the growing-season (snow removal). These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: W3 Surface Water Sampling Sites – 2009-2010
This dataset presents field and analytical data collected during a surface water sampling survey on six dates between July 9, 2009 and October 1, 2010 in watershed 3 (W3) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, USA. Samples were collected every 50 meters along an ephemeral to perennial stream network and at groundwater seeps wherever they were located. The dataset includes both a table of chemical analyses and a shapefile of sampling site locations. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Foliar and sapwood nutritional and metabolic responses to Ca-treatment at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 2000 – 2015
Background Acidic deposition has caused a depletion of calcium (Ca) in the northeastern forest soils. One time application of wollastonite (CaSiO3 - 1.2 Mg ha-1 of Ca) was done at watershed 1 (WS1) of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) in 1999 to evaluate its effects on various functions of the HBEF ecosystem. This rate of application was intended to increase the existing base saturation of the soil from 10% to approximately 19%, and to increase the soil pH to the level that was estimated to exist ~50 years prior to treatment. More details on the treatment can be found at http://www.hubbardbrook.org/research/longterm/calcium/w1_overview/index.html. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate changes in foliar and sapwood metabolic parameters and microbial diversity as indicators of stress and overall health in trees exposed to Ca-supplementation. Raw data from Ca-treated WS1 are compared with WS3 (reference watershed) for cellular metabolites, exchangeable foliar chemistry (not totals) 2000-2015. These watersheds are in close proximity (less than 1.5 Km apart) with similar geology, temperature, soils, and overall climate. For more details see a list of references given below Ca-Supplementation-Metabolic Study (WS1 & along eastern edge of WS3) SUMMARY: The effects of Ca addition on foliar soluble (extractable in 5% HClO4) ions, chlorophyll, polyamines, and amino acids were studied in three hardwood species, namely sugar maple, yellow birch, and American beech. We further analyzed these effects in relation to elevation at Ca-supplemented WS1 and reference WS3 watersheds. During the earlier years foliar soluble Ca increased significantly in all species at mid and high elevations at Ca-supplemented WS1. This was accompanied by increases in soluble P, chlorophyll, and two amino acids, glutamate and glycine. A decrease in known metabolic indicators of physiological stress (i.e. the amino acids, arginine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and the diamine, pu
Differential impacts of calcium and aluminum treatments on foliar and sapwood nutrition and metabolism of sugar maple trees growing at the west edge of WS6 of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest from 1997-2009.
Plot levels Ca and Al additions study at WS6 BACKGROUD: To better evaluate the interaction of Ca depletion and Al mobilization on a northern hardwood forest, the Nutrient Perturbation (NuPert) study was initiated in 1995, west of the biogeochemical reference watershed (W6) at the HBEF (43.95411°N, 71.74779°W). The study area is on a south-facing slope, with an elevational range of 700–760 m, and most soils are classified as either Aquic Haplorthods or Aquic Haplumbredts (Halman et al. 22015 and references therein). Twelve sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall) dominated plots (45 m × 45 m) were randomly assigned to one of three treatments (Ca addition, Al addition, or control (no addition)), yielding four replicates of each treatment in the study. In addition to sugar maple, American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) are co-occurring tree species in these plots, whereas hobblebush (Viburnum lantanoides Michx.) and striped maple (Acer pensylvanicum L.) dominate the understory. Treatments began in 1995 with annual CaCl2 (2.5 g·m−2) and AlCl3 (0.9 g·m−2) applications occurring each fall or spring during leafless periods. The use of CaCl2 was halted in 1999 in favor of a one-time application (38 g·m−2) of wollastonite (CaSiO3, a slow-release form of Ca). Thereafter, AlCl3 additions occurred in alternate years in fall or spring. Foliage was collected from sunlit branches in the upper to mid canopy dominant sugar maple trees. Five trees per plot of each group were selected for sampling in August 2008. There was an ice storm in 1998 at this site which might have interfered with this study findings. In 2009, tiny sapwood plugs were also collected. All the analyses were carried out using the procedures described under section A (Ca-supplementation study). SUMMARY: Acid deposition induced losses of calcium (Ca) from northeastern forests have had negative effects on forest health for decades, including the mobilization of potentiall
Red spruce foliar nutritional and metabolic responses to N, Ca, and N+Ca additions in a plot level study from Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest NH, Adirondack State Park, NY and Groton State Forest, VT from 1997-2000.
Plot Level Ca, N, Ca+N Study Background: Three mature red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) – balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) stands with closed canopies from across the northeastern United States were selected to assess the effects of N and Ca additions on forest growth. These sites included Groton, VT (Groton State Forest), Big Moose Lake, NY (Adirondack State Park) and Watershed 9 in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH. Site descriptions can be found in the pdf file included in this dataset. Full site descriptions have been published in Kulmatiski et al, 2007, Nitrogen and calcium additions increase forest growth in northeastern USA spruce–fir forests, Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37: 1574-1585. This publication also provides more in-depth site and soil descriptions. In 1992, three replicate 30 m by 30 m plots were randomly assigned to each of four treatment levels: control (control), Ca addition (Ca), N addition (N), or Ca + N addition (Ca + N) in NY and NH (for a total of 12 plots at each site). In VT, only control and Ca treatments were established due to limited space and research goals (for a total of 6 plots). Beginning in July 1992 through July 2000, N amendments (100 kilograms of NH4NO3-N per hectare per year), Ca amendments (80 kilograms of CaSO4-Ca plus 80 kilograms of CaCl2-Ca per hectare per year), and Ca + N (same dosage as separate applications) amendments were hand broadcast as commercial grade salts. Applications were made in June, July, and August to each plot in each year. SUMMARY: The main objectives of this study were to evaluate changes over time (1997-2000) in foliar metabolism of mature red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) trees in response to additions of nitrogen, Ca, or N +Ca supplementation. N was applied as NH4NO3 and Ca was applied as gypsum [CaSO4 .2H2O (2X) + CaCl2 .2H2O (1X)] and Ca + N treatment was a combination of both at the same concentrations Three sites received these treatments; Groton, VT (Groton State Forest), Bi
Epiphytic lichen surveys on 12 valleywide plots in Hubbard Brook 2016
Using the USFS FIA lichen indicator protocol we inventoried 12 valleywide plots of mixed broadleaf and conifer tree composition over an elevation gradient to examine patterns of lichen abundance and diversity in the valley and their possible correspondence to air pollution indices and landscape variables. The surveys were conducted as part of an NSF funded LTER REU project by Aílis Clyne in 2016. Voucher specimens from this study were deposited at the Cornell Plant Pathology Herbarium (CUP) and the results published in the Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. An analysis of these data can be found in: Natalie L. Cleavitt, Ailís B. Clyne, Timothy J. Fahey "Epiphytic macrolichen patterns along an elevation gradient in the White Mountain National Forest, New Hampshire," The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, 146(1), 8-17, (21 January 2019)
Soil enzyme activity in the MELNHE study at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Bartlett Experimental Forest, and Jeffers Brook, NH, 2014 and 2017
The Multiple Element Limitation in Northern Hardwood Ecosystems (MELNHE) project studies N and P acquisition and limitation through a series of nutrient manipulations in northern hardwood forests. This data set includes soil enzyme activities measured in Oe, Oa, and mineral soil horizons in all 13 of the MELNHE study sites (Bartlett EF, Hubbard EF, and Jeffers Brook, NH). Samples were collected in 2014 and 2017, representing 6 years of N and P fertilization. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Soil respiration in mycorrhizal gradient plots
Soil respiration is the dominant pathway by which terrestrial carbon enters the atmosphere. Many abiotic and biotic processes can influence soil respiration, including soil microbial community composition. Mycorrhizal fungi are a particularly important microbial group to investigate because they are known to influence soil chemistry and nutrient cycling, and, because the type of mycorrhizal fungi in an ecosystem can be assessed based on the plant species present, they may be easier than other soil microbes to incorporate into ecosystem models. We tested how the type of mycorrhizal fungi—arbuscular (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi—associated with the dominant tree species in a mixed hardwood forest was related to soil respiration rate. We measured soil respiration, root biomass and surface area, and soil chemical and physical characteristics during the growing season in plots dominated by ECM-associated trees, AM-associated trees, and mixtures with both at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in Woodstock, NH, USA. We found rates of soil respiration that were 29% and 32% higher in AM plots than in ECM and mixed plots, respectively. These differences were primarily explained by corresponding variation in soil conditions including organic horizon depth and soil nitrogen content. Soil in AM plots had slightly higher nitrogen concentrations and deeper organic horizons than soil in ECM and mixed plots. Our results highlight the importance of considering mycorrhizal associations of dominant vegetation as predictors of carbon cycling processes. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
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