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229 results for “Metatheria”
FIG. 64 in Model-based analysis of postcranial osteology of marsupials from the Palaeocene of Itaboraí (Brazil) and the phylogenetics and biogeography of Metatheria
FIG. 64. — Same as Fig. 61 but with a different body weight surrogate.
FIG. 62 in Model-based analysis of postcranial osteology of marsupials from the Palaeocene of Itaboraí (Brazil) and the phylogenetics and biogeography of Metatheria
FIG. 62. — Same as Fig. 61 but with a different body weight surrogate.
FIG. 44 in Model-based analysis of postcranial osteology of marsupials from the Palaeocene of Itaboraí (Brazil) and the phylogenetics and biogeography of Metatheria
FIG. 44. — Same as Fig. 43 but with a different index on the y-axis.
FIG. 63 in Model-based analysis of postcranial osteology of marsupials from the Palaeocene of Itaboraí (Brazil) and the phylogenetics and biogeography of Metatheria
FIG. 63. — Same as Fig. 61 but with a different body weight surrogate.
FIG. 2 in Caudal Cranium Of Thylacosmilus Atrox (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta), A South American Predaceous Sabertooth
FIG. 2. Artistic reconstruction of Thylacosmilus atrox by Jorge Blanco.
FIG. 17 in A sabre-tooth predator from the Neotropics: Cranial morphology of Anachlysictis gracilis Goin, 1997 (Metatheria, Thylacosmilidae), based on new specimens from La Venta (Middle Miocene, Colombia)
FIG. 17. — Reconstructed head of Anachlysictis gracilis Goin, 1997. Artist: Tatsuya Shinmura.
FIGURE 1 in A new thylacosmilid (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta) from the Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina
FIGURE 1. Location map of the fossil locality, at the west margin of the Río Chico (Colloncuran SALMA, middle Miocene), Rio Negro Province, where the holotype of Patagosmilus goini (MLP 07-VII-1-1) was found.
FIGURE 5. Patagosmilus goini specimen MLP 07 in A new thylacosmilid (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta) from the Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina
FIGURE 5. Patagosmilus goini specimen MLP 07-VII-1-1. Magnum in lateral, anterior, and medial views from left to right (A), and proximal portion of an ungual phalanx in lateral view (B). Abbreviations: mcIII, facet for articulation with the third metacarpal; sc, facet for scaphoid; se, facet for semilunar; sp, subungual process; t, palmar tubercle; tra, facet for trapezoid; uc, ungicular crest; uf, ungual foramen; un, facet for unciform.
FIGURE 2 in A new thylacosmilid (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta) from the Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina
FIGURE 2. Skull of Patagosmilus goini, specimen MLP 07-VII-1-1 in lateral view. Abbreviations: C, upper canine; fdv, foramen for the frontal diploic vein Fr, frontal; iof, infraorbital foramen; La, lacrimal; lat, lacrimal tuberosity; M1- M4, upper molars, from the first to the fourth; Mx, maxilla; mxt, maxillary tuberosity; Na, nasal; P3, third upper premolar; Pa, parietal; pop, postorbital process of frontal; sc, sagittal crest; Sq, squamosal; tl temporal line; spf, sphenopalatine foramen.
FIGURE 4 in A new thylacosmilid (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta) from the Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina
FIGURE 4. Third upper premolar of Patagosmilus goini, specimen MLP 07-VII-1-1 in lingual (A) and labial (B) views. Abbreviations: alr, anterior labial root; lgr, lingual root; me, metacone; pa, paracone; pme, postmetacrista; pr, protocone; plr, posterior labial root;
FIGURE 3 in A new thylacosmilid (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta) from the Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina
FIGURE 3. Stereographic photographs and line drawing of the upper dentition of Patagosmilus goini, specimen MLP 07-VII-1-1 in occlusal (A) and lingual (B) views. Abbreviations: ec, ectocingulum; me, metacone; n, nutrient foramina; P2, alveoli for the anterior and posterior roots of second upper premolar; p, pit for housing the protoconid; pa, paracone; pme, postmetacrista; pr, protocone; ppa, preparacrista; st, stylar shelf.
Online supporting material: †Estelestes ensis (Mammalia, Metatheria) from the Early Eocene of Baja California, Mexico, as a generalized polydolopimorphian
<p>In Table 1, we provide the ratio between the length of m1-4 and the height of the dentary below m1 in several extinct and extant metatherians from the Americas. We give the taxonomic assignment (Family, Order) for each of the measured species and indicate the source of the figure where the ratio was obtained. In Figure 1, we show details of the anterior portion of the left lower jaw of <em> Bobbschaefferia</em> <em>fluminensis</em> (MNRJ 1350-V, cast of the holotype) in occluso-lateral and occlusal views.</p>
Figure 4 in Form and function within a phylogenetic framework: locomotory habits of extant predators and some Miocene Sparassodonta (Metatheria)
Figure 4. Morphospaces defined by the first two shape axes for the ulna. A, B, relative warps (RWs); C, D, relative warps residuals (RRWs) after phylogenetic autocorrelation analysis; E, F, RRWs after phylogenetic eigenvector regression analysis. In A, C, and E, taxonomic groups are indicated by the symbols. In B, D, and F, locomotory groups are indicated by the symbols. Taxonomic group symbols: Ailuridae, Canidae, Dasyuridae, Didelphidae, Felidae, Herpestidae, Hyaenidae, Nandiniidae, Mephitidae, Mustelidae, Myrmecobiidae, Procyonidae, Thylacinidae, Ursidae, Viverridae, Sparassodonta species. Locomotory groups symbols: cursorial eutherians, cursorial metatherians, terrestrial eutherians, terrestrial metatherians, scansorial eutherians, scansorial metatherians,
Figure 2 in Form and function within a phylogenetic framework: locomotory habits of extant predators and some Miocene Sparassodonta (Metatheria)
Figure 2. Morphospaces defined by the first two shape axes for the humerus. A, B, relative warps (RWs); C, D, relative warps residuals (RRWs) after phylogenetic autocorrelation analysis; E, F, RRWs after phylogenetic eigenvector regression analysis. In A, C, and E, taxonomic groups are indicated by the symbols. In B, D, and F, locomotory groups are indicated by the symbols. Taxonomic group symbols: Ailuridae, Caenolestidae, Canidae, Dasyuridae, Didelphidae, Felidae, Herpestidae, Hyaenidae, Nandiniidae, Mephitidae, Mustelidae, Myrmecobiidae, Procyonidae, Thylacinidae, Ursidae, Viverridae, Sparassodonta species. Locomotory groups symbols: cursorial eutherians,
Figure 1 in Form and function within a phylogenetic framework: locomotory habits of extant predators and some Miocene Sparassodonta (Metatheria)
Figure 1. Analysed elements showing the position of landmarks (squares) and semilandmarks (circles). A, anterior view of distal humerus: 1, proximolateral extreme of articular surface, 2 to 6, proximal margin of articular surface, 7, proximomedial extreme of articular surface, 8, proximal end of lateral epicondylar crest, 9 to 11, lateral margin of lateral epicondylar crest, 12 to 14, medial margin of lateral epicondylar crest, 15, lateral extreme of lateral epicondyle, 16, distolateral corner of articular surface, 17 to 20, distal margin of articular surface, 21, distomedial corner of articular surface, 22, distomedial extreme of medial epicondyle, 23, medial extreme of medial epicondyle, 24 to 26, medial margin of supraepicondylar bridge, 27, medial projection of proximal end of lateral epicondylar crest. B, lateral view of proximal ulna: 1, posteroproximal extreme of olecranon, 2 to 6, posterior margin of proximal ulnar shaft, 7, posterior projection of distal tip of coronoid process, 8, posterior margin of radial notch at level of distal tip of coronoid process, 9, distal tip of coronoid process, 10, anterior end of coronoid process, 11, distal end of trochlear notch, 12 to 16, trochlear notch margin, 17, proximal end of trochlear notch, 18, anterior projection of anconeus process, 19, anterior margin of olecranon, 20, anteroproximal olecranon extreme (on olecranon lateral surface), 21, proximal olecranon margin. C, proximal view of tibia: 1, anterior end of medial condyle, 2 to 6, medial margin of medial condyle, 7, posterior end of medial condyle, 8 to 10, lateral margin of medial condyle, 11, anterior end of lateral condyle, 12 to 15, lateral margin of lateral condyle, 16, posterior end of lateral condyle, 17 to 20, medial margin of lateral condyle, 21, posterior end of intercondyloid area, 22, medial extreme of tibial tuberosity base, 23, lateral extreme of tibial tuberosity base, 24, maximum projection in anterior-lateral margin of non-articular surface, 25, lateral end of cranial intercondylar area. Modified from Ercoli (2010) and Ercoli & Prevosti (in press).
Figure 1 in Evidence of early evolution of Australidelphia (Metatheria, Mammalia) in South America: phylogenetic relationships of the metatherians from the Late Palaeocene of Itaboraí (Brazil) based on teeth and petrosal bones
Figure 1. Right petrosal of MNRJ 6734-V (Type VI) in ventral (A), dorsal (B), and lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: al, anterior lamina; av, aqueductus vestibuli; cc, crus commune; cp, crista parotica; cr, crista petrosa; ctpp, caudal tympanic process of petrosal; er, epitympanic recess; fai, foramen acousticum inferius; fas, foramen acousticum superius; fc, fenestra cochleae; fi, fossa incudis; fn, facial nerve; fs, facial sulcus; fsa, fossa subarcuata; fss, foramen for the sigmoid sinus; fv, fenestra vestibuli; gg, location of the subjacent geniculate ganglion; gpn, greater petrosal nerve; hF, hiatus Fallopii; iam, internal auditory meatus; ica, internal carotid artery; ips, inferior petrosal sinus; lapc, lateral aperture of the prootic canal; lhv, lateral head vein; lw, lateral wall of epitympanic recess (tuberculum tympani); me, mastoid exposure; mp, mastoid tympanic process; pcv, prootic canal vein; pfc, prefacial commissure; pr, promontorium; ps, prootic sinus; psc, posterior semicircular canal; psv?, probable prootic sinus vein; rtpp, rostral tympanic process of petrosal; sff, secondary facial foramen; sica, sulcus for the internal carotid artery; sips, sulcus for the inferior petrosal sinus; smn, stylomastoid notch; spev, sphenoparietal emissary vein; sps, sulcus for the prootic sinus; spsv?, sulcus for a probable vein connected to the prootic sinus; ss, sigmoid sinus; sss, sulcus for the sigmoid sinus; th, tympanohyal; tt, tuberculum tympani; ttf, tensor tympani fossa; ts, transverse sinus; tyc, tympanic crest; vf, vascular foramen; uf, unknown foramen; us, unknown sulcus; V3?, probable medial border of the foramen ovale for the V3 nerve.
Figure 7 in Evidence of early evolution of Australidelphia (Metatheria, Mammalia) in South America: phylogenetic relationships of the metatherians from the Late Palaeocene of Itaboraí (Brazil) based on teeth and petrosal bones
Figure 7. Timing of the earliest evolution of metatherians according to the hypotheses highlighted in the most parsimonious trees (Fig. 4). Data sources: minimal age of Sinodelphys (Swisher et al., 1999), age for the North American metatherians (Clemens, 1966), dating of the Mongolian taxon Deltatheridium (Dashzeveg et al., 2005), dating of the South American metatherians (de Muizon, 1994; Flynn & Swisher, 1995; Marshall et al., 1997); molecular estimate of divergence of marsupial ordinal clades (Nilsson et al., 2004; Beck, 2008; Meredith et al., 2008). Thick and grey strokes represent fossil species. Geological stages: Ab, Albian; Bm, Barremian; C, Coniacian; Ca, Campanian; Ce, Cenomanian; Eo, Eocene; H, Hauterivian; Ma, Maastrichtian; Pa, Palaeocene; S, Santonian; T, Turonian; V, Valanginian.
Figure 6 in Evidence of early evolution of Australidelphia (Metatheria, Mammalia) in South America: phylogenetic relationships of the metatherians from the Late Palaeocene of Itaboraí (Brazil) based on teeth and petrosal bones
Figure 6. Comparisons of the morphometric and phylogenetic assessments as regards the possible assignment of petrosal types to dental-based taxa from Itaboraí. Scale bars = 2 mm.
Figure 5 in Evidence of early evolution of Australidelphia (Metatheria, Mammalia) in South America: phylogenetic relationships of the metatherians from the Late Palaeocene of Itaboraí (Brazil) based on teeth and petrosal bones
Figure 5. Molar area vs. promontorium area for extant and fossil metatherians with associated petrosal and teeth remains. A, M2 area vs. promontorium area; B, m2 area vs. promontorium area; C, M3 area vs. promontorium area; D, m3 area vs. promontorium area. Open square, Didelphis marsupialis, closed square; Didelphis aurita; grey square, Didelphis albiventris; open circle, Marmosa murina; closed circle, Philander opossum; grey circle, Metachirus nudicaudatus; cross, Caluromys philander; closed lozenge; Caenolestes fuliginosus; grey lozenge, Phacogale tapoatafa; open triangle, Pucadelphys andinus; closed triangle, Andinodelphys cochabambensis; grey triangle, Mayulestes ferox; line, Deltatheridium pretrituberculare. M2–3, second and third upper molars; m2–3, second and third lower molars.
Figure 3 in Evidence of early evolution of Australidelphia (Metatheria, Mammalia) in South America: phylogenetic relationships of the metatherians from the Late Palaeocene of Itaboraí (Brazil) based on teeth and petrosal bones
Figure 3. Right petrosal of MNRJ 6735-V (Type VIII) in ventral (A) and dorsal (B) views, with a reconstruction of the inner ear (A2). Abbreviations: aa, anterior ampulla; al, anterior lamina; asc, anterior semicircular canal; av, aqueductus vestibuli; cc, crus commune; cocd, cochlear duct; cp, crista parotica; cr, crista petrosa; ctpp, caudal tympanic process of petrosal; er, epitympanic recess; fai, foramen acousticum inferius; fas, foramen acousticum superius; fc, fenestra cochleae; fi, fossa incudis; fn, facial nerve; fs, facial sulcus; fsa, fossa subarcuata; fv, fenestra vestibuli; gg, location of the subjacent geniculate ganglion; gpn, greater petrosal nerve; hF, hiatus Fallopii; iam, internal auditory meatus; ips, inferior petrosal sinus; la, lateral ampulla; lapc, lateral aperture of the prootic canal; lhv, lateral head vein; lsc, lateral semicircular canal; lw, lateral wall of epitympanic recess (tuberculum tympani); pa, posterior ampulla; pcv, prootic canal vein; pfc, prefacial commissure; pr, promontorium; ps, prootic sinus; psc, posterior semicircular canal; sff, secondary facial foramen; sips, sulcus for the inferior petrosal sinus; smn, stylomastoid notch; spev, sphenoparietal emissary vein; sps, sulcus for the prootic sinus; tt, tuberculum tympani.
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