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818 results for “Neutrality”
Light and water quality observations from neutrally buoyant drifters in rivers
<p><span>Vertical motion is an important driver of sunlight exposure in aquatic environments, shaping the growth and fate of materials and organisms. We derive a simple model accounting for turbulent depth fluctuations of particles to predict the depth that contributes the most sunlight exposure (effective depth) as well as the single depth that, if measured at one place over time, produces the same total sunlight exposure as a moving particle (functional depth). Field measurements of light and depth in rivers using neutrally buoyant drifters and buoys validate our model. Effective depth varied from 0.1-1.5 m below the water surface and was ~30% of the overall water depth on average. Functional depth varied from 0.67-2.3 m and was ~50% of the overall water depth on average. Functional and effective depth are physically based concepts incorporating turbulent motion, spatial variability, and water clarity offering new approaches to characterize light exposure in aquatic environments.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
Data for "Tracking the nearfield evolution of an initially shallow, neutrally-buoyant plane jet over a sloping bottom boundary"
<p>This folder contains all the data set for figures in the paper titled as "Tracking the nearfield evolution of an initially shallow, neutrally-buoyant plane jet over a sloping bottom boundary". </p>
Luciferase readout: Raw neutralization results for neutralization assays from pseudoparticles containing the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain from a cryptic lineage
<div> <div> <div> <p>Deep sequencing of wastewater to detect SARS-CoV-2 has been used during the COVID- 19 pandemic to monitor viral variants as they appear and circulate in communities. SARS- CoV-2 lineages of an unknown source that have not been detected in clinical samples, referred to as cryptic lineages, are sometimes repeatedly detected from specific locations. We have continued to detect one such lineage previously seen in a Missouri site. This cryptic lineage has continued to evolve, indicating continued selective pressure similar to that observed in Omicron lineages.</p> </div> </div> </div> <p>This file contains the raw neutralization data using pseudoparticles containing a SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein with the RBD from the cryptic lineage detected in Missouri wastewater.</p>
Protagonistas de la España neutral, 1914-1918
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Unravelling the Mechanism and Influence of Auxiliary Ligands on the Isomerization of Neutral [P,O]-Chelated Nickel Complexes for Olefin Polymerization
<p>This folder contains the DFT-optimized geometries (in .xyz format together with the gas-phase energy, E) accompanying the paper</p> <p>"Unravelling the Mechanism and Influence of Auxiliary Ligands on the Isomerization of Neutral [P,O]-Chelated Nickel Complexes for Olefin Polymerization"</p> <p>where conformers occur, they are always named from the lowest Gibbs energy to the highest in ascending order from c1 (sometimes omitted), c2, c3, ...</p> <p>Folder structure:</p> <p>--/ligands/ contains DFT optimized structures of auxiliary ligands L1-L5</p> <p>--/XIII/ contains optimized DFT structures and constrained optimized DFT structures for catalyst system XIII</p> <p>--/XIV/ contains optimized DFT structures and constrained optimized DFT structures for catalyst system XIV</p> <p>--/first_polymerization_step/ contains optimized DFT structures for the first polymerization step (ethylene and acrylate enchainment) catalyzed by system XIII</p>
Netzero2040: Reaching climate neutrality in Austria by 2040: engaging stakeholders for model-supported scenario development. Data repository
<p><span>This repository contains scenario results in pyam format, qualitative scenario narratives and drivers identified by stakeholders for the NetZero2040 project.</span></p> <p><span>NetZero2040 developed the first independent scenarios achieving climate-neutrality in Austria by 2040. We improve on previous analyses by employing a structured co-creation process involving stakeholders and modellers, simultaneously modelling the whole energy system and the electricity system in great detail, creating shared visions of a climate-neutral future. Results are openly available and have been broadly disseminated in the scientific community and to the public. Our scenarios are differentiated by assumptions on energy demand and imports of energy carriers. They show that a rapid electrification of transport and heating, in combination with a build out rate of renewable energies which is well above historical maxima in the Austrian power system, allow significant emission reductions until 2030, and that these measures are consistently required in all scenarios. However, after 2030 scenarios diverge and uncertainty about the most cost-efficient transformation measures prevail. </span></p>
Provincial-Level Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Removal to Meet China's 2060 Carbon Neutrality Goal
<p>20240827_Provincial-Level Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Removal to Meet China's 2060 Carbon Neutrality Goal manuscript scenario Input xmls, output data, data processing code, Figures, figure generation code.</p> <p> </p> <p>Fig2 revised version</p>
[Dataset] The impact of particle precipitation on the ion-neutral collision frequency analyzed with EISCAT measurements
<p>Datasets for "The impact of particle precipitation on the ion-neutral collision frequency analyzed with EISCAT measurements" (submitted to Annales Geophysicae)</p>
Recognition of dominant driving factors behind sap flow of Liquidambar formosana based on back-propagation neutral network method
<p><i><span>Aims:</span></i> This study focused on the applicability of back-propagation (BP) neural networks in simulating sap flow (SF) using meteorological factors and a phenological index (<i><span>PI</span></i>) for <i><span>Liquidambar formosana</span></i><span>,</span> a deciduous broad-leaf tree species in subtropical China, and thus providing a useful and promising alternative to traditional methods for transpiration prediction.</p> <p><i><span>Methods: </span></i>Three-layered BP models with an architecture 4-10-1 <span>(four neurons in the input layer, ten neurons in the hidden layer and one neuron in the output layer) </span>were trained and tested using the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm based on in situ observations of SF and concurrent microclimate at the Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Jiangxi Province, Southeast China. The model performance was verified with testing data not used in model development.</p> <p><i><span>Results: </span></i>The BP models with eight input combinations proved a satisfactory fit: the determination coefficients (<i><span>R</span></i><sup><span>2</span></sup>) and fitting accuracies (<i><span>Acc</span></i>) (about 0.8 and 70%) were significantly higher than those of the multivariate linear regression (MLR) (about 0.5 and 50%), indicating their advantage in solving complex nonlinear problems involved in transpiration. In addition, the BP models showed a bit better performance by adding <i><span>PI</span></i><i> </i><span>to</span> the input family. The best BP model was achieved taking air temperature (<i><span>T</span></i><sub><span>a</span></sub>), relative humidity (<i><span>RH</span></i>), average net radiation (<i><span>ANR</span></i>) and <i><span>PI</span></i> as the input and sap flux density (<i><span>v</span></i><sub><span>s</span></sub>) as the output, with maximum <i><span>R</span></i><sup><span>2</span></sup> and <i><span>Acc</span></i> as high as 0.95 and 90%, respectively.</p> <p><i><span>Conclusions: </span></i><span>The</span><i> </i><span>BP</span><i> </i><span>models with input combination of </span><i><span>T</span></i><sub><span>a</span></sub><sub><span>, </span></sub><i><span>RH, ANR </span></i><span>and</span><i><span> PI </span></i><span>mirrored very well measured daily variations in </span><i><span>v</span></i><sub><span>s</span></sub>. The results could be used to fine-tune sap flow estimation by <i><span>Liquidambar formosana</span></i>, and thus shed light on the eco-hydrological process related to transpiration for deciduous broad-leaf trees.</p>
Data from: Drivers of neutral and adaptive differentiation in pike (Esox lucius) populations from contrasting environments
<p>Understanding how eco-evolutionary processes and environmental factors drive population differentiation and adaptation are key challenges in evolutionary biology of relevance for biodiversity protection. Differentiation requires at least partial reproductive separation, which may result from different modes of isolation such as geographic isolation (allopatry) or isolation by distance (IBD), resistance (IBR), and environment (IBE). Despite that multiple modes might jointly influence differentiation, studies that compare the relative contributions are scarce. Using RADseq, we analyse neutral and adaptive genetic diversity and structure in 11 pike (<i>Esox lucius</i>) populations along a latitudinal gradient (54.9 - 63.6°N), to investigate the relative effects of IBD, IBE and IBR, and to assess whether the effects differ between neutral and adaptive variation, or across structural levels. Patterns of neutral and adaptive variation differed, likely reflecting that they have been differently affected by stochastic and deterministic processes. The importance of the different modes of isolation differed between neutral and adaptive diversity, yet were consistent across structural levels. Neutral variation was influenced by interactions among all three modes of isolation, with IBR (seascape features) playing a central role, wheares adaptive variation was mainly influenced by IBE (environmental conditions). Taken together, this and previous studies suggest that it is common that multiple modes of isolation interactively shape patterns of genetic variation, and that their relative contributions differ among systems. To enable identification of general patterns and understand how various factors influence the relative contributions, it is important that several modes are simultaneously investigated in additional populations, species and environmental settings.</p>
Neutral and adaptive loci reveal fine-scale population structure in Eleginops maclovinus from North Patagonia
<p>Patagonia is an understudied area, especially when it comes to population genomic studies with relevance to fishery management. However, the dynamic and heterogeneous landscape in this area can harbor important but cryptic genetic population structure. Once such information is revealed, it can be integrated into the management of infrequently investigated species. <i>Eleginops maclovinus</i> is a protandrous hermaphrodite species with economic importance for local communities that is currently managed as a single genetic unit. In this study, we sampled five locations distributed across a salinity cline from Northern Patagonia to investigate the genetic population structure of <i>E</i>. <i>maclovinus</i>. We use Restriction-site Associated DNA (RAD) sequencing and outlier tests to obtain 11,712 neutral, 338 adaptive loci, and 78 loci associated to environmental variables. We identified a spatial pattern of structuration with gene flow and spatial selection by environmental association. Neutral and adaptive loci showed two and three genetic groups, respectively. The effective population sizes estimated ranged from 572 to 14,454 and were influenced more by locality than salinity cline. We found loci putatively associated with salinity suggesting that salinity may act as a selective driver in <i>E</i>. <i>maclovinus</i> populations. These results suggest a complex interaction between genetic drift, geneflow, and natural selection in this area. Our findings suggest that at least two to three genetic units exist in this area, and the information should be integrated into the management of this species. We discuss the significance of these results for fishery management and suggest future directions to improve our understanding of how <i>E</i>. <i>maclovinus</i> is adapted to the dynamic waters of Northern Patagonia.</p>
VCF for neutral data set in Harpagifer bispinis along the Magellan Province
<p>Quaternary glacial cycles shaped the current distribution of polar and cold-temperate biotas. In the Magellan province of South America, ice covering during the last glacial maximum radically altered the landscape/seascape, speciation rate, and the distribution of species. Here we studied nototheniid fishes <i>Harpagifer </i>spp. along the Magellan province reported as two nominal species: <i>H. bispinis</i> in Patagonia and <i>H. palliolatus</i>, endemic to the Falkland/Malvinas Islands. Previous molecular analyses in <i>Harpagifer</i> showed that the genus may have recently colonized southern South America ~ 1 million years ago. The extensive use in systematics of molecular markers to determine evolutionary units has been improved due to the advances in NGS. Combining traditional DNA sequences and non-targeted GBS-SNPs we evaluated both, the presence of effective evolutionary units and contemporary patterns of genetic structure across the Magellan province. DNA sequences consistently showed an absence of phylogeographic structure, with shared dominant haplotypes between nominal species, pointing towards the presence of a single evolutionary unit. In contrast, SNPs identified three groups in Patagonia, two located north and south of the Strait of Magellan, and a third well-differentiated one in the Falkland/Malvinas Islands. Connectivity analyses using SNPs suggest limited and asymmetric gene flow from Patagonia to the Falkland/Malvinas. Contrasting rough- and fine-scale genetic evolutionary patterns recorded in <i>Harpagifer</i> enhance the relevance in the use of combined methodologies for species delimitation analyses. Depending on the question to be addressed, we could discriminate among phylogeographic structure discarding incipient speciation, and contemporary spatial differentiation processes linked to drift-migration equilibrium models.</p>
Derivative products: "Very Local Interstellar Medium Revealed by Complete Solar Cycle of Interstellar Neutral Helium Observations with IBEX" by Swaczyna et al.
<p>Derivative products from: Swaczyna et al. 2022, "Very Local Interstellar Medium Revealed by Complete Solar Cycle of Interstellar Neutral Helium Observations with IBEX", ApJS, under review</p>
Impact of New Variants on SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity and Neutralization: A Molecular Assessment of the Alterations in the Spike-Host Protein Interactions
<p>MD simulation trajectories and structural models from the work which first appeared on bioRxiv (https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.10.426143), later ssrn (<a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3907841">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3907841</a>), and finally accepted for publication by Iscience.</p> <p>File Name: <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/d5ac679d-c267-4e55-8f63-0abdaa41d067/Run1_WT_RBD_ACE2.zip">Run1_WT_RBD_ACE2.zip</a></p> <p>Description: A compressed (zipped) folder contains three independent MD trajectories of WT RBD-ACE2 complex.</p> <p>File Name: <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/d5ac679d-c267-4e55-8f63-0abdaa41d067/Run2_N501Y_RBD_ACE2.zip">Run2_N501Y_RBD_ACE2.zip</a></p> <p>Description: A compressed folder contains three independent MD trajectories of Alpha RBD-ACE2 complex.</p> <p>File Name: <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/d5ac679d-c267-4e55-8f63-0abdaa41d067/Run3_Beta_RBD_ACE2.zip">Run3_Beta_RBD_ACE2.zip</a></p> <p>Description: A compressed folder contains three independent MD trajectories of Beta RBD-ACE2 complex.</p> <p>File Name: <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/d5ac679d-c267-4e55-8f63-0abdaa41d067/Run4_Delta_RBD_ACE2.zip">Run4_Delta_RBD_ACE2.zip</a></p> <p>Description: A compressed folder contains three independent MD trajectories of Delta RBD-ACE2 complex</p> <p>File Name: <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/d5ac679d-c267-4e55-8f63-0abdaa41d067/Run5_UK2_E484K_N501Y_ACE2.zip">Run5_UK2_E484K_N501Y_ACE2.zip</a></p> <p>Description: A compressed folder contains three independent MD trajectories of UK2 RBD-ACE2 complex</p> <p>File Name: <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/d5ac679d-c267-4e55-8f63-0abdaa41d067/Structural_model_PDBs.zip">Structural_model_PDBs.zip</a></p> <p>Description: A compressed folder contains eight pdb files of those structural models plotted in Figs 1, 3, 5, 6, 7 and S1.</p>
Neutralizing immunity in vaccine breakthrough infections from the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants
<p>Scripts and metadata used in the analysis of the manuscript, <em>Neutralizing immunity in vaccine breakthrough infections from the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants.</em></p>
Supplemental data and code for Improved air quality in China can enhance solar power performance and accelerate carbon neutrality targets
<p>Supplemental data and code for Improved air quality in China can enhance solar power performance and accelerate carbon neutrality targets</p>
Ancient geological dynamics impact neutral biodiversity accumulation and are detectable in phylogenetic reconstructions
<p><strong>Aim</strong> Landmasses have been continuously modified by tectonic activity, the breakup and collision of landmasses is thought to have generated or suppressed ecological opportunities, altering the rates of speciation, dispersal and extinction. However, the extent to which the signatures of past geologic events are retained in modern biodiversity patterns - or obliterated by recent ecological dynamics - remains unresolved. We aim to identify the fingerprint of different scenarios of geological activity on phylogenetic trees and geographic range size distributions.<br> <strong>Location</strong> Global.<br> <strong>Time period</strong> Geological time.<br> <strong>Major taxa studied</strong> Theoretical predictions for any taxa.<br> <strong>Methods </strong>We conducted spatially explicit simulations under a neutral model of range evolution, speciation and extinction for three different geological scenarios that differed in their geological histories. We set a limit in the number of populations that locally can coexist which along with the geographic boundaries of landmasses, influences the rate of range expansion.<br> <strong>Results</strong> Our results demonstrate regions of similar size, age and ecological limits will differ in richness and macroevolutionary patterns based solely on the geological history of landmass breakup-collision even in the absence of species' ecological differences i.e., neutrality. When landmasses collide, regional richness is higher, lineages exhibit more similar rates of speciation and phylogenetic trees are more balanced than in the geologically static scenario. Stringent local limits to coexistence yield lower regional diversity but in general do not affect our ability to distinguish geological scenarios.<br> <strong>Main conclusions</strong> These findings provide an alternative explanation for existence of some hotspots of diversity in areas of high geological activity. Although a limit in the number of coexisting species largely influences regional diversity, its contribution to phylogenetic patterns is lower than variation in per-capita rates of speciation and extirpation. Importantly, these findings demonstrate the potential for inferring past geological history from distributions of phylogenies and range sizes.</p>
Supporting materials for the article "Neutral atomic hydrogen as an efficient catalyst for interstellar formation of adenine and guanine"
<p>The data files contain the computed atomic coordinate data of all optimized molecular structures in the standard XYZ chemical file format. </p> <p>The PDF file contains 1) the potential diagrams of reaction paths for producing adenine and guanine from H-catalyzed reactions between h-pyrimidine-2-one and (cyanamide or carbodiimide), and 2) the IR and electronic adsorption spectra of intermediates, as well as 3) a detailed description to the aformentioned data files.</p>
Supporting materials for the article "Neutral atomic hydrogen as an efficient catalyst for interstellar formation of adenine and guanine"
<p>The data files contain the computed atomic coordinate data of all optimized molecular structures in the standard XYZ chemical file format. </p> <p>The PDF file contains 1) the potential diagrams of reaction paths for producing adenine and guanine from H-catalyzed reactions between h-pyrimidine-2-one and (cyanamide or carbodiimide), and 2) the IR and electronic adsorption spectra of intermediates, as well as 3) a detailed description to the aformentioned data files.</p>
Gravity Wave Morphology During the 2018 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Simulated by a Whole Neutral Atmosphere General Circulation Model
<p>This dataset includes a complete set of raw data, metadata and saved session data which is necessary for re-producing figures in a paper entitled "Gravity Wave Morphology During the 2018 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Simulated by a Whole Neutral Atmosphere General Circulation Model" submitted to the Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmosphere.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.