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307 results for “Peatland”
No evidence for trade-offs between bird diversity, yield and water table depth on oil palm smallholdings: implications for tropical peatland landscape restoration
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Disentangling the effects of methanogen community and environment on peatland greenhouse gas production by a reciprocal transplant experiment
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Diatom cell-size composition as a novel tool for quantitative estimates of water table in peatlands
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Data from: Comparison of carbon and nitrogen accumulation rate between bog and fen phases in a pristine peatland with the fen-bog transition
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Data from: Morphological constraints on plant-mediated methane release and oxidation under experimental warming in a peatland and meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
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Rove beetle (Staphylinidae) assemblages following the cumulative effect of wildfire and linear footprint in Boreal treed peatlands of northeastern Alberta (Canada)
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Marcell Experimental Forest site, station Watershed S2, peatland water table bogwell site, study of water table elevation above mean sea level in units of meter on a monthly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Marcell Experimental Forest (MAR) contains water table elevation above mean sea level measurements in meter units and were aggregated to a monthly timescale.
Marcell Experimental Forest site, station Watershed S2, peatland water table bogwell site, study of water table elevation above mean sea level in units of meter on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Marcell Experimental Forest (MAR) contains water table elevation above mean sea level measurements in meter units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Post-extraction restored peatland methane production and emission
Peatland degradation due to human activities is contributing to rising atmospheric CO2 levels. Restoring the carbon (C) sink function in degraded peatlands and preventing further stored C losses is a key climate mitigation strategy, given the global scale of peatland disturbance. Active restoration at a post-extraction peatland in Canada has been shown to successfully re-establish net CO2 uptake rates similar to undisturbed peatlands within a decade or two. However, lower than expected CH4 emissions suggest recovery of belowground C cycling processes may lag behind recovery of the surface net flux. Using closed chamber measurements over a warm season, we determined that restored Sphagnum, which covers two thirds of the site, was a net zero source of CH4. Emissions from the restored site were primarily attributed to vascular plant substrate inputs, measured as acetate, and plant-mediated transport. The carbon isotopic fractionation factor for CH4 and CO2 in the restored former peat field pore water exhibited α < 1.060 even deeper in the cutover peat profile (0.8 m depth), evidence of a dominance in acetoclastic methane production. In contrast, isotopic fractionation in the former drainage ditches showed a balance of acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis deeper in the profile, indicative of some bulk peat C turnover. This study shows that the legacy of substrate quality in the cutover peat in reducing CH4 production and thus emission, can aid in reducing the climate warming impact of newly restored peatlands.
Water table depth dataset collected at Frasne peatland (192ha, Jura Mountains, France)
<p>Data of water table depth (m) measured on Frasne peatland in two piezometers (frn/pz_plot4 and frn/pz_plot9). Measurements start on 06-11-2008 and are regularly updated with new data.</p> <p>Zip file contain :</p> <ul> <li>metadata file (TOUR_en.json) which describe stations, sensors, variables and process</li> <li>csv file contain time series data for all variables by station</li> </ul> <p>Additional information on the measurement can be found in this website : <a href="https://data-snot.cnrs.fr/data-access/">https://data-snot.cnrs.fr/data-access/</a></p> <p>We also recommend to contact sno-tourbieres for additional information about data acquisition and use : <a href="mailto:contact.sno-tourbieres@cnrs-orleans.fr">contact.sno-tourbieres@cnrs-orleans.fr</a></p>
Soil-meteorological dataset collected at Frasne peatland (192ha, Jura Mountains, France)
<p>Data of meteorological and soil physics measured on Frasne peatland in two stations (frn/bm1 and frn/bm2). Measurements start on 06-11-2008 and are regularly updated with new data. The measured parameters are: Air temperature (°C), Air pressure (mbar), Precipitation (mm), Relative humidity (%), ShortWave/LongWave outgoing/incoming radiation (W/m2), Photosynthetic photon flux density incoming (μmol/m2/s), Wind direction (°), Wind speed (m/s), Soil temperature (°C), Soil water content (%), Soil heat flux (W/m2), and Water table depth (m).</p> <p>Zip file contain :</p> <ul> <li>metadata file (TOUR_en.json) which describe stations, sensors, variables and process</li> <li>csv file contain time series data for all variables by station</li> </ul> <p>Additional information on the measurement can be found in this website : <a href="https://data-snot.cnrs.fr/data-access/">https://data-snot.cnrs.fr/data-access/</a></p> <p>We also recommend to contact sno-tourbieres for additional information about data acquisition and use : <a href="mailto:contact.sno-tourbieres@cnrs-orleans.fr">contact.sno-tourbieres@cnrs-orleans.fr</a></p>
Soil-meteorological dataset collected at Landemarais peatland (16 ha, Brittany, France)
<p>Data of meteorological and soil physics measured on Landemarais peatland in two stations (ldm/bm1 and ldm/bm2). Measurements start on 14-12-2016 and are regularly updated with new data. The measured parameters are: Air temperature (°C), Air pressure (mbar), Precipitation (mm), Relative humidity (%), ShortWave/LongWave outgoing/incoming radiation (W/m2), Photosynthetic photon flux density incoming (μmol/m2/s), Wind direction (°), Wind speed (m/s), Soil temperature (°C), Soil water content (%), Soil heat flux (W/m2), and Water table depth (m).</p> <p>Zip file contain :</p> <ul> <li>metadata file (TOUR_en.json) which describe stations, sensors, variables and process</li> <li>csv file contain time series data for all variables by station</li> </ul> <p>Additional information on the measurement can be found in this website : https://data-snot.cnrs.fr/data-access/<br> </p> <p>We also recommend to contact sno-tourbieres to talk about data acquisition and use : contact.sno-tourbieres@cnrs-orleans.fr<br> </p> <p> </p>
Data from: A regime shift from erosion to carbon accumulation in a temperate northern peatland
<p>Peatlands are globally important ecosystems but many are degraded and some are eroding. However, some degraded peatlands are undergoing apparently spontaneous recovery, with switches from erosion to renewed carbon accumulation—a type of ecological regime shift. We used a palaeoecological approach to investigate and help understand such a switch in a blanket peatland in North Wales, UK. Our data show: (a) a rapid accumulation of new peat after the switch from the eroding state, with between 5.2 and 10.6 kg m<sup>-2</sup> carbon accumulating since the beginning of the recovery which occurred between the late 1800s and early to mid‐1900s CE, with an average carbon accumulation rate in the new peat between 46 and 121 g C m<sup>−2</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>; (b) three main successional pathways in peat‐forming vegetation; and (c) hydrological changes with an increase to moderately high water‐tables after the switch that promoted new carbon accumulation as well as protecting vulnerable old carbon. External factors, including changes in climate and industrial activity, can only partially explain our results. Following previous studies, we suggest that internal ecosystem processes offer a substantial part of the explanation and interpret the switch to renewed carbon accumulation as a bifurcation‐type tipping point involving changes in the physical form of the eroded landscape. <i>Synthesis</i>. Our long‐term ecological data reveal a switch from a degraded peatland with active erosion and loss of carbon to a revegetated, wetter peatland accumulating carbon. The switch can be interpreted as a bifurcation tipping point. We suggest that external factors such as climate and pollution levels are important for setting suitable boundary conditions for peatland recovery, but internal mechanisms can explain the change in peatland state. Our study is the first of its kind to apply tipping‐point theory to the internal mechanisms linked to peat erosion and recovery and may help improve understanding of the trajectories of other peatlands in a changing climate.</p>
Data for: Drainage reduces the resilience of a boreal peatland
<p><span>Drier conditions caused by drainage for infrastructure development, or associated with global climate warming, may test the resilience of carbon-rich northern peatlands. Feedbacks among biological and hydrological processes maintain the long-term stability of peatlands, but if hydrological thresholds are passed, these feedbacks may be weakened, causing a shift in ecosystem state and potentially large losses of carbon (C). To determine peatland response to hydrological change, we examined the structure (vegetation composition and hydrology) and biogeochemical function (carbon dioxide exchange) of a pristine bog and a bog subject to ~7 years localised drainage (caused by regional groundwater drawdown due to mine dewatering) in the Hudson Bay Lowland, Canada. Water tables at the drained bog were ~1 m below the hummock surface at the time of study compared to ~0.3 m at the pristine bog. For hummocks and intermediate microforms at the drained bog, plant production was significantly less than at the pristine bog, most likely due to small changes in vegetation structure (reduced </span><i><span>Sphagnum</span></i><span> cover and smaller shrub leaf:stem ratios) caused by deeper water tables and significantly reduced moisture content of surface peat. Despite these changes in vegetation and hydrology, net ecosystem production (NEP) remained positive (C sink) for these microforms at the drained bog. Dry pools with mostly bare peat at the drained bog had negative NEP (C source to atmosphere), in stark contrast to </span><i><span>Sphagnum-</span></i><span> and sedge-dominated pools at the pristine bog with small but positive NEP. Our study shows that dry pools now occupy an unstable state, but the hydrological thresholds for a shift in ecosystem state have not yet been reached for hummocks and intermediate microforms at the drained bog. However, weak or no relationships between water table depth, peat surface moisture content, and plant production for these microforms at the drained bog, suggest that drainage has weakened the hydrological feedbacks regulating peat production, causing peat accumulation to slow. If drier conditions prevail, this reduced resilience increases the potential for a shift in ecosystem state and raises the risk of large C loss due to continued decomposition of deeper peat in oxic conditions, and wildfire.</span><b><span> </span></b></p>
Data from: Plant community dynamics and carbon sequestration in Sphagnum-dominated peatlands in the era of global change
<p>Aim: Hydroclimatic shift and anthropogenic-driven nitrogen deposition are major outcomes of global change that could compromise the functioning of many peatlands as a carbon sink. For Sphagnum-dominated peatlands, an emerging hypothesis is that the change could be triggered by shifts in competitive dominance among plant functional groups, specifically from the currently predominant decay-resistant Sphagnum to the more decomposable vascular plants. However, the relationship between Sphagnum and vascular plant occurrence is notably complex and also includes facilitative interactions that are crucial to the productivity of Sphagnum and therefore carbon sequestration.</p> <p>Location: Global</p> <p>Taxa: Northern peatlands—Sphagnum moss and vascular plants</p> <p>Methods: We use a conceptual review to examine underlying mechanisms for the competitive exclusion hypothesis and the nature of facilitative interactions between Sphagnum and vascular plants under the potential global change conditions. We complement the review with an empirical study of peatlands with contrasting hydrology to provide some critical insights into the potential effects of change in plant communities on carbon sequestration. We also propose a conceptual model that presents probable combinations of global change factors and their implications for carbon sequestration.</p> <p>Results: Vegetation structure in Sphagnum-dominated peatland appears to be driven largely by hydrology, rather than competition among plant functional groups. The peat deposit also exerts some controls (e.g., nutrient immobilization) on biotic structure, thereby acting as resistance against an abrupt shift in plant communities.<br> Main conclusions: Peatland controls that constrain vegetation shifts have developed over a millennial timescale in many peatlands, and the pace of climate change may not allow enough time for the establishment of those mechanisms in younger peatlands. Thus, the persistence of a given peatland as a carbon sink also likely depends on the successional stage of the peatland.</p>
Multiparameter station dataset collected at the outlet of La Guette peatland (23 ha, Loiret, France)
<p>Data of temperature water (TW in °C) and discharge (Q in l/s) collected at the outlet of La Guette peatland. Measurements start on 07-09-2011 and are regulary updated with new data. Missing data are in -9999.</p> <p>Zip file contain :</p> <ul> <li>metadata file (TOUR_en.json) which describe stations, sensors, variables and process,</li> <li>csv file contain time series data for all variables.</li> </ul> <p>Additional information on the measurement can be found in this website : <a href="https://data-snot.cnrs.fr/data-access/">https://data-snot.cnrs.fr/data-access/</a></p> <p>We also recommend to contact sno-tourbieres to talk about data acquisition and use : <a href="mailto:contact.sno-tourbieres@cnrs-orleans.fr">contact.sno-tourbieres@cnrs-orleans.fr</a></p> <p> </p>
Water table depth dataset collected at La Guette peatland (23 ha, Loiret, France)
<p>Data of water table depth (m) and water temperature (°C) measured on La Guette peatland in 6 piezometers (lgt/pz_dc, lgt/pz_wc, lgt/pz_cbdv_amont, lgt/pz_cbdv_aval, lgt/pz_do, lgt/pz_wo). Measurements start on 15-06-2008 and are regularly updated with new data.<br> <br> Zip file contain :</p> <ul> <li>metadata file (TOUR_en.json) which describe stations, sensors, variables and process</li> <li>csv file contain time series data for all variables by station</li> </ul> <p>Additional information on the measurement can be found in this website : <a href="https://data-snot.cnrs.fr/data-access/">https://data-snot.cnrs.fr/data-access/</a><br> We also recommend to contact sno-tourbieres to talk about data acquisition and use : <a href="mailto:contact.sno-tourbieres@cnrs-orleans.fr">contact.sno-tourbieres@cnrs-orleans.fr</a></p>
Data from: Mechanisms for the development of microform patterns in peatlands of the Hudson Bay Lowland
Spatial surface patterns of hummocks, hollows, ridges, and pools (microtopography) are common features of many northern peatlands and are particularly distinct within the vast peatlands of the Hudson Bay Lowland (HBL), Canada. Hypotheses and models describe how small-scale feedbacks among vegetation, hydrology, and nutrients cause spatial differences in peat accumulation that enable microforms and surface patterns to develop over time. Empirical tests of the predictions from theoretical models of these proposed feedback mechanisms are limited, particularly in large peatland complexes such as the HBL. We investigate feedbacks controlling peatland structure and function in an ombrogenous bog and a minerogenous fen in the HBL. Our sites represent surface patterns found in many northern peatlands, specifically spatially irregular hummocks and hollows, and parallel ridges and pools that are perpendicular to slope. We found the occurrence of different spatial patterns depends on position within a peat landform, with these differences attributed to the ecohydrological setting. In turn, the ecohydrological setting, with different water table depths, nutrient availability, and species composition, influences the strength and direction of feedback mechanisms at the microform scale. Our data support the prediction of a positive feedback between plant productivity and acrotelm thickness for peat accumulation and hummock growth, and that this may be enhanced by water ponding on slopes to form ridge-pool tracks. We did not find evidence to support the proposed feedback among evapotranspiration (ET)-driven transport of water and nutrients for the development of hummocks. Our results suggest a combination of mechanisms operating at various temporal and spatial scales are associated with the development of surface patterns in northern peatlands.
Georeferenced drone thermal video and related data, recorded on 6 and 28 August 2019 in Siikaneva peatland
<p>Data files in Matlab .mat format.</p> <p>1) EC_and_timeaxes.mat: Eddy Covariance data covering the drone measurement periods, time axes for drone 1Hz sequences and EC data;</p> <p>2) T_fluctuation_corr.mat: Four georeferenced sequences of surface temperature fluctuation T'(x,y,z) derived from the four measured thermal videos;</p> <p>3) T_georef_orig.mat: Four georeferenced sequences of surface temperature T(x,y,z) corresponding to the four measured thermal videos;</p> <p>4) UTMgrid_anemometer_RGBpic.mat: UTM grid for the T'(x,y,z) and T(x,y,z) sequences, pixel coordinates of anemometer location, georeferenced UAV RGB image (with the same UTM grid as the thermal images).</p>
Permafrost thaw in boreal peatlands is rapidly altering forest community composition
<p>Boreal peatlands are frequently underlain by permafrost, which is thawing rapidly. A common ecological response to thaw is the conversion of raised forested plateaus to treeless wetlands, but unexplained spatial variation in responses, combined with a lack of stand-level data, make it difficult to predict future trajectories of boreal forest composition and structure. We sought to characterize patterns and identify drivers of forest structure, composition, mortality, and recruitment in a boreal peatland experiencing permafrost thaw. To do this, we established a large (10 ha) permanent forest plot (completed in 2014), located in the Northwest Territories, Canada, that includes 40,584 mapped and measured trees. In 2018, we conducted a comprehensive mortality and recruitment recensus. We also measured frost table depth, soil moisture, soil humification, and organic layer thickness within the plot between 2012 and 2018, and used habitat association tests to link these variables to forest characteristics and dynamics. Forest composition and structure varied markedly throughout the plot and were strongly governed by patterns in permafrost presence and organic layer thickness. Overall, there was a net loss of trees from the plot at a rate of 0.7% yr-1. Mortality of black spruce, the dominant tree species, was more than double that of recruitment and was strongly associated with permafrost thaw. In contrast, recruitment of larch was over four times greater than mortality, and occurred primarily in low-lying, permafrost-free wetlands with mineral soil near the surface. The trends in tree demography and underlying drivers suggest that spruce-dominated permafrost plateaus will be converted into larch-dominated wetlands as permafrost thaw progresses in boreal peatlands, particularly in areas where mineral soil is near the surface. In the longer term, thaw could increase the hydrologic connectivity of the landscape, resulting in widespread drainage and re-vegetation by spruce, but we did not find evidence that this is occurring yet. Given the increasing rates of permafrost thaw, and positive feedbacks between thaw and forest change, we predict that larch abundance will continue to increase in boreal peatlands over the coming decades, leading to shifts in ecosystem function, wildlife habitat, albedo, and snow dynamics.</p>
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