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Fig. 2 in Impact of increasing morphological information by micro-CT scanning on the phylogenetic placement of Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in amber
Fig. 2 RoguePlot placement of Metopiinae fossil Triclistus levii sp. nov. before and after micro-CT scanning. The plots include all branches from the majority-rule consensus tree where the attachment probability was higher than 1%. A Triclistus levii sp. nov. with colours indicating newly revealed body characteristics after the CT scan. Blue colouration represents newly added measurements; orange highlights either newly coded characters or characters where states could be reduced after the CT scan. B Placement before CT scanning. C Placement after CT scanning
Fig. 5 in Impact of increasing morphological information by micro-CT scanning on the phylogenetic placement of Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in amber
Fig. 5 RoguePlot placement of Phygadeuontinae fossil Magnocula sarcophaga gen. et sp. nov. before and after micro-CT scanning. The plots include all branches from the majority-rule consensus tree where the attachment probability was higher than 1%. A Magnocula sarcophaga gen. et sp. nov. with colours indicating newly revealed body characteristics. Blue colouration represents newly added measurements; orange highlights either newly coded characters or characters where states could be reduced after the CT scan. B Placement before CT scanning. C Placement after CT scanning
Fig. 4 in Impact of increasing morphological information by micro-CT scanning on the phylogenetic placement of Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in amber
Fig. 4 RoguePlot placement of Rhyssinae fossil Rhyssa gulliveri sp. nov. before and after micro-CT scanning. The plots include all branches from the majority-rule consensus tree where the attachment probability was higher than 1%. A Rhyssa guliveri sp. nov. with colours indicating newly revealed body characteristics. Blue colouration represents newly added measurements; orange highlights either newly coded characters or characters where states could be reduced after the CT scan. B Placement before CT scanning. C Placement after CT scanning
Uncovering structural plasticity of Enterovirus A through deep insertional and deletional scanning
<p>Insertions and deletions (InDels) are essential sources of novelty in protein evolution. In RNA viruses, InDels cause dramatic phenotypic changes that contribute to the emergence of viruses with altered immune profiles and host engagement. This work aims to comprehensively quantify the mutational tolerance of an RNA virus to insertion, deletion, and substitution. Using Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) as a prototype for the Enterovirus A species (EV-A) of picornaviruses, we engineered approximately 45,000 insertions, 6,000 deletions, and 41,000 amino acid changes across the 2,193 coding positions of the EV-A71 proteome, quantifying their effects on viral fitness and comprehensively mapping evolutionary constraint across the viral proteome. In contrast with amino acid changes, the vast majority of InDels are lethal to virus growth. Most that are tolerated reside at a few hotspot regions. These tolerant sites highlight structurally flexible and mutationally plastic regions of EV-A71 proteins that avoid core structural and functional elements, but often overlap with key sites of host- and immune recognition, suggesting a complex evolutionary role for InDels and substitutions at these sites. Phylogenetic analysis examining EV-A species isolated from diverse mammalian hosts reveals that many of the experimentally identified hotspots also correspond to sites of natural InDel diversity across the more diverse EV-A species, suggesting these hotspots of mutational tolerance in EV-A genomes may have contributed to past phenotypic diversification of EV-A. Insights from this and future mutational scanning studies mapping viral evolutionary potential will inform better epidemiological monitoring and Enterovirus vaccine development.</p>
Fig. 2. Scanning electronic micrographs. A in Twenty-one new species of the Neotropical rove beetle genus Neolindus Scheerpeltz (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae)
Fig. 2. Scanning electronic micrographs. A. One pair (marked with an arrow) of trichobothria in Neolindus ornatus Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (KUNHM-ENT). B. One pair of trichobothria in (marked with an arrow) Neolindus niger Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (KUNHM-ENT). C−D. Two pairs of trichobothria (marked with arrows) in Neolindus sibyllae Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (KUNHM-ENT). E–G. Pseudo-sensilla (marked with an arrow) on Neolindus pseudosensillaris Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (NHMUK) with head in general view (E) and two closeups of pseudo-sensilla (F–G).
Nanoparticle Size Estimation by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy and Generative AI
<p>The "raw" directories contain unaltered simulated and experimental data. The train and val directories contain normalized data used to train the models of the manuscript. The dataframes directory contains all information about the atomic models. Exp info contains info about the raw experimental data (excluding the gas-cell data). </p>
FIGURE A5 in Testing the impact of two key scan parameters on the quality and repeatability of measurements from CT scan data
FIGURE A5. Scatter plot displaying how beam shift, measured by the apparent growth (scale) of the shell in the final x-ray radiograph relative to the first x-ray radiograph, varies with (1) time of day the scan was performed, and (2) the overall scan time. We found that beam shift decreased throughout the day, likely due to the tube warming up as more scans are run. There was no correlation between overall scan time and the amount of beam shift.
FIGURE A1.2 in Testing the impact of two key scan parameters on the quality and repeatability of measurements from CT scan data
FIGURE A1.2. The range of volume measurements for each exposure times when three scans were reconstructed using ten methods. The blue dot represents the simple surface determination used for all shells in this study. The error bars represent the data range for each exposure time.
FIGURE 4. A in Testing the impact of two key scan parameters on the quality and repeatability of measurements from CT scan data
FIGURE 4. A video moving through slices of a pteropods shell scanned at 500 ms exposure time, with five xray radiographs averaged per view and an overall scan time of 75 minutes. There are streak artefacts perpendicular to the shell edge that are likely caused by beam hardening or shell movement during the scan. For video file, see https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2020/ 2923-investigating-ct-scan-quality.
Fig. IV in Scanning electron microscope observations on the antennal sensilla of two stored grain pests Trogoderma granarium and Trogoderma variabile (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)
Fig. IV (1–4). Comparisons of antennal sensilla between Trogoderma species and sexual genders. 1. Male and female sensilla of T. granarium; 2. Male and female sensilla of T. variabile; 3. Male antenna of T. granarium and T. variabile; and 4. Female antenna of T. granarium and T. variabile.
Fig. II in Scanning electron microscope observations on the antennal sensilla of two stored grain pests Trogoderma granarium and Trogoderma variabile (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)
Fig. II (1–9). Antennal sensilla of T. granarium. 1. SC1: sensilla chaetica 1 bar = 5.0 μm; 2. SC2: sensilla chaetica 2, bar = 15.0 μm; 3. SC3: sensilla chaetica 3, bar = 17.2 μm; 4. SB1: sensilla basiconica 1, bar = 2.0 μm; 5. SB2: sensilla basiconica 2, bar = 3.0 μm; 6. SB3: sensilla basiconica 3, bar = 3.0 μm; 7. SB4: sensilla basiconica 4, bar = 2.0 μm; 8. SB5: sensilla basiconica 5, bar = 2.5 μm; and 9. BB: Böhm bristles, bar = 2.3 μm.
Fig. I in Scanning electron microscope observations on the antennal sensilla of two stored grain pests Trogoderma granarium and Trogoderma variabile (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)
Fig. I (1–4). Full views of antenna of T. granarium and T. variabile. 1. Antenna of female T. granarium; 2. Antenna of male T. granarium; 3. Antenna of female T. variabile;and 4. Antenna of male T. variabile.
Fig. III (1–9). Antennal sensilla of T. variabile. 1. SC1: sensilla chaetica 1, bar = 3.0 μm; 2. SC2: sensilla chaetica 2; SC3: sensilla chaetica 3, bar = 8.6 μm; 3. SC2: sensilla chaetica 2, bar = 15 μm; 4. SC3: sensilla chaetica 3, bar = 15.0 μm; 5. SB1: sensilla basiconica 1, bar = 3.0 μm; 6. SB2: sensilla basiconica 2, bar = 4.3 μm; 7. SB5: sensilla basiconica 5, bar = 4.3 μm; 8. SCo: sensilla coeloconica, bar = 1.5 μm; and 9. BB: Böhm bristle, bar = 6.0 μm. in Scanning electron microscope observations on the antennal sensilla of two stored grain pests Trogoderma granarium and Trogoderma variabile (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)
Fig. III (1–9). Antennal sensilla of T. variabile. 1. SC1: sensilla chaetica 1, bar = 3.0 μm; 2. SC2: sensilla chaetica 2; SC3: sensilla chaetica 3, bar = 8.6 μm; 3. SC2: sensilla chaetica 2, bar = 15 μm; 4. SC3: sensilla chaetica 3, bar = 15.0 μm; 5. SB1: sensilla basiconica 1, bar = 3.0 μm; 6. SB2: sensilla basiconica 2, bar = 4.3 μm; 7. SB5: sensilla basiconica 5, bar = 4.3 μm; 8. SCo: sensilla coeloconica, bar = 1.5 μm; and 9. BB: Böhm bristle, bar = 6.0 μm.
Figures 25–28 in Complements to the morphology of Troglokhammouanus steineri Lourenço, 2007 (Scorpiones: Pseudochactidae) based on scanning electron microscopy
Figures 25–28: Chaerilus celebensis Pocock, female from Indonesia. 25. Left pecten, global view. 26. Microstructure of peg sensillae on teeth. 27–28. Peg sensillae in detail at different magnifications.
Figures 9–16 in Complements to the morphology of Troglokhammouanus steineri Lourenço, 2007 (Scorpiones: Pseudochactidae) based on scanning electron microscopy
Figures 9–16: Troglokhammouanus steineri Lourenço, male paratype. 9–10. Femur, dorsal aspect. 11. Chela hand, dorsoexternal aspect. 12. Fixed and movable fingers of chela, dorso-external aspect. 13. Patella, dorsal aspect. 14. Basitarsi and telotarsi of leg IV, showing spurs. 15. Telotarsi of leg IV with a pair of ventrosubmedian rows of spinules. 16. Tibial spur in detail.
Figures 1–8 in Complements to the morphology of Troglokhammouanus steineri Lourenço, 2007 (Scorpiones: Pseudochactidae) based on scanning electron microscopy
Figures 1–8: Troglokhammouanus steineri Lourenço, male paratype. 1. Carapace and chelicerae, dorsal aspect. 2. Carapace, lateral aspect, showing the small lateral ocelli (arrow). 3. Chelicera, dorsal aspect. 4. Sternum and genital operculum. 5. Sternites IV and V showing spiracles. 6. Spiracle in detail (arrow). 7–8. Metasomal segment V and telson, lateral and ventral aspects.
Figures 17–24 in Complements to the morphology of Troglokhammouanus steineri Lourenço, 2007 (Scorpiones: Pseudochactidae) based on scanning electron microscopy
Figures 17–24: Troglokhammouanus steineri Lourenço, male paratype. 17. Left pecten, global view. 18–19. Microstructure of peg sensillae on teeth. 20–24. Peg sensillae in detail at different magnifications.
◂Fig.15 Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) showing transverse rows of dentition on Dinaride Zospeum and Iberozospeum radulae; (a) Z. pretneri, (NMBE 553290), Gornja Cerovačka pećina, Croatia, transverse rows of teeth on long, slender basal plates (bp), rachidian (r) and lateral teeth (l), arrows indicate medial grooves on mesocones of individual teeth; (b) Z. isselianum, NMBE 553389, Turjeva jama, Slovenia, ibid.; (c) Iberozospeum sp. (RMNH.MOL.234,116), Cueva a Sul, straight transverse rows of small, seemingly bi-cuspid lateral teeth (l) with reduced mesocones on compact basal plates; (d) ibid., close up view of rachidian teeth (r), lateral fang-like teeth (l) and transitional teeth (t); (e) I. vasconicum, (AJC 1848), Cueva Ermita de Sandaili, rachidian teeth (r) flanked by 4-cuspid lateral teeth (l), C. ibazoricum-like in form; (f) Iberozospeum sp. (RMNH. MOL.234108), Cueva la Torcona, lateral teeth showing reduced mesocones (me) flanked by long, fang-like endo- and ectocones (e), rachidian tooth (r) (flipped over in upper righthand corner of image); (g) I. zaldivarae (AJC 1876a), Cueva de Las Paúles, transverse rows of teeth showing varying cusp lengths; (h) ibid., close up view (left to right) of marginal (m) and transitional teeth (t) on short, compact basal plates (bp). — Magnification varies for each perspective, see scale bars; all Figs taken by M. Ruppel, (ret.) Goethe University Frankfurt am Main in Molecular investigation and description of Iberozospeum n. gen., including the description of one new species (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae)
◂Fig.15 Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) showing transverse rows of dentition on Dinaride Zospeum and Iberozospeum radulae; (a) Z. pretneri, (NMBE 553290), Gornja Cerovačka pećina, Croatia, transverse rows of teeth on long, slender basal plates (bp), rachidian (r) and lateral teeth (l), arrows indicate medial grooves on mesocones of individual teeth; (b) Z. isselianum, NMBE 553389, Turjeva jama, Slovenia, ibid.; (c) Iberozospeum sp. (RMNH.MOL.234,116), Cueva a Sul, straight transverse rows of small, seemingly bi-cuspid lateral teeth (l) with reduced mesocones on compact basal plates; (d) ibid., close up view of rachidian teeth (r), lateral fang-like teeth (l) and transitional teeth (t); (e) I. vasconicum, (AJC 1848), Cueva Ermita de Sandaili, rachidian teeth (r) flanked by 4-cuspid lateral teeth (l), C. ibazoricum-like in form; (f) Iberozospeum sp. (RMNH. MOL.234108), Cueva la Torcona, lateral teeth showing reduced mesocones (me) flanked by long, fang-like endo- and ectocones (e), rachidian tooth (r) (flipped over in upper righthand corner of image); (g) I. zaldivarae (AJC 1876a), Cueva de Las Paúles, transverse rows of teeth showing varying cusp lengths; (h) ibid., close up view (left to right) of marginal (m) and transitional teeth (t) on short, compact basal plates (bp). — Magnification varies for each perspective, see scale bars; all Figs taken by M. Ruppel, (ret.) Goethe University Frankfurt am Main
◂Fig. 14 Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) showing radular ribbon form, middle adhesive zone (az) and rows of dentition (rd) of Dinaride and Iberian individuals (notation denotes aspects on one Dinaride Zospeum and one Iberozospeum ribbon); (a) Z. exiguum (NMBE 553384), Križna jama, Slovenia (45.7452, 14.4673), long and narrow, tapered anterior end (tae), short adhesive zone (az), bottom furled with narrow obtuse or straight base (nosb); (b) Z. pretneri, (NMBE 553290), Gornja Cerovačka pećina, Croatia (44.2701, 15.8855), ibid., with straight base; (c) I. vasconicum, (AJC 1848), Cueva Ermita de Sandaili (42.9994, -2.4381), moderately long and broad, tapered anterior end (tae), prominent adhesive zone (az), straight base (sb); (d) I. zaldivarae, (AJC 1876), Cueva de Las Paúles (43.1282, -2.7362), ibid.; (e) Iberozospeum sp. (RMNH.MOL. 234,109), Cueva de la Foz, long and broad, ibid; (f) Iberozospeum sp., (RMNH.MOL. 234,144), Cueva de Rales, very long and broad, ibid; (g) Iberozospeum sp., (RMNH.MOL. 234,116), Cueva a Sul, long and broad, ibid; (h) Iberozospeum sp., (RMNH.MOL. 234,108), Cueva de Torcona, very long and broad, ibid. — Magnification varies for each perspective, see scale bars; all Figs imaged by M. Ruppel, (ret.) Goethe University Frankfurt am Main in Molecular investigation and description of Iberozospeum n. gen., including the description of one new species (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae)
◂Fig. 14 Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) showing radular ribbon form, middle adhesive zone (az) and rows of dentition (rd) of Dinaride and Iberian individuals (notation denotes aspects on one Dinaride Zospeum and one Iberozospeum ribbon); (a) Z. exiguum (NMBE 553384), Križna jama, Slovenia (45.7452, 14.4673), long and narrow, tapered anterior end (tae), short adhesive zone (az), bottom furled with narrow obtuse or straight base (nosb); (b) Z. pretneri, (NMBE 553290), Gornja Cerovačka pećina, Croatia (44.2701, 15.8855), ibid., with straight base; (c) I. vasconicum, (AJC 1848), Cueva Ermita de Sandaili (42.9994, -2.4381), moderately long and broad, tapered anterior end (tae), prominent adhesive zone (az), straight base (sb); (d) I. zaldivarae, (AJC 1876), Cueva de Las Paúles (43.1282, -2.7362), ibid.; (e) Iberozospeum sp. (RMNH.MOL. 234,109), Cueva de la Foz, long and broad, ibid; (f) Iberozospeum sp., (RMNH.MOL. 234,144), Cueva de Rales, very long and broad, ibid; (g) Iberozospeum sp., (RMNH.MOL. 234,116), Cueva a Sul, long and broad, ibid; (h) Iberozospeum sp., (RMNH.MOL. 234,108), Cueva de Torcona, very long and broad, ibid. — Magnification varies for each perspective, see scale bars; all Figs imaged by M. Ruppel, (ret.) Goethe University Frankfurt am Main
◂Fig. 1 Morphology of thecate and coccoid cells, with labelled thecal plates. a–c, i, m Light microscopy, d–h, k–l scanning electron microscopy. a Ventral view of strain GeoM*788; b dorsal view of strain GeoM*793; c apical view of strain GeoK*044; d ventral view of strain GeoK*037; e dorsal view of strain GeoM*788; f apical view of strain GeoK*024, with the dehiscence of epithecal opening indicated by a blue line; g antapical view of strain GeoK*044; h leftlateral view of strain GeoM*866; i motile cell of strain GeoK*037; k–m coccoid cells showing variability in shape and size of strains k GeoM*866, l GeoM*793 and m GeoK*024. Abbreviations: n′: apical plate, n′′: precingular plate, n′′′: postcingular plate, n′′′′: antapical plate, na: anterior intercalary plate, nC: cingular plate, Sa: anterior sulcal plate, Sd: right sulcal plate, Sp: posterior sulcal plate. Ss: left sulcal plate. Scale bar: 10 µm. UA: 15 kV in Morphological and molecular variability of Peridinium volzii Lemmerm. (Peridiniaceae, Dinophyceae) and its relevance for infraspecific taxonomy
◂Fig. 1 Morphology of thecate and coccoid cells, with labelled thecal plates. a–c, i, m Light microscopy, d–h, k–l scanning electron microscopy. a Ventral view of strain GeoM*788; b dorsal view of strain GeoM*793; c apical view of strain GeoK*044; d ventral view of strain GeoK*037; e dorsal view of strain GeoM*788; f apical view of strain GeoK*024, with the dehiscence of epithecal opening indicated by a blue line; g antapical view of strain GeoK*044; h leftlateral view of strain GeoM*866; i motile cell of strain GeoK*037; k–m coccoid cells showing variability in shape and size of strains k GeoM*866, l GeoM*793 and m GeoK*024. Abbreviations: n′: apical plate, n′′: precingular plate, n′′′: postcingular plate, n′′′′: antapical plate, na: anterior intercalary plate, nC: cingular plate, Sa: anterior sulcal plate, Sd: right sulcal plate, Sp: posterior sulcal plate. Ss: left sulcal plate. Scale bar: 10 µm. UA: 15 kV
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.