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Fig. 3 in Silurian synziphosurine horseshoe crab Pasternakevia revisited

Fig. 3. Synziphosurine horseshoe crab Pasternakevia podolica Selden and Drygant, 1987. Specimen ISEA I−F/MP/2a/1499/08: part (A) and counterpart ISEA I−F/MP/2b/1499/08 (B), reconstruction (C), front of carapace (D), region of microtergite, m indicates microtergite (E), base of telson, s indicates structure within tergite 10 (F), plausible original position of the animal preserved, only carapace and tergites shown (G).

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2009View details →

Fig. 1 in Silurian synziphosurine horseshoe crab Pasternakevia revisited

Fig. 1. Synziphosurine Pasternakevia podolica Selden and Drygant, 1987; reconstruction of holotype (redrawn after Selden and Drygant 1987: fig. 3d; changed).

Fig. 6 in An atypical Silurian myodocope ostracod from the Armorican Massif, France

Fig. 6. Measurements of Sineruga insolita gen. et sp. nov. Length−height plot of 39 specimens of S. insolita. Specimens comprise both latex casts from external moulds and 3−D preserved specimens. L, H as in Fig. 5. A = adults; A1–A6 = possible juvenile instars 1 to 6.

Fig. 5 in An atypical Silurian myodocope ostracod from the Armorican Massif, France

Fig. 5. Parameters used for measurements of Sineruga insolita gen. et sp. nov. H, maximum valve height; L, maximum valve length.

Fig. 3 in An atypical Silurian myodocope ostracod from the Armorican Massif, France

Fig. 3. Details of the carapace of myodocope ostracod Sineruga insolita gen. et sp. nov., Ludlow–Pridoli Silurian. A. Holotype, right valve, FSL 710900, Loc. 1. Anterior (A1) and anterodorsal (A2) parts of the valve. B. Complete carapace, FSL 710629, Loc. 1, in frontal (B1) and dorsal (B2) views; dorsal view of the hinge (B3); oblique left lateral view of the hinge and the dorsal part of the adductorial sulcus (B4). C. Left valve, adductorial sulcus and ventral tubercle, FSL 710630, Loc. 1. D. Left valve, adductorial sulcus, LPB 18932b, Loc. 1. E. Right valve, MNHN 150, Loc. 2. Adductorial sulcus showing the central muscle spot (E1), muscle spot (E2). F. Right valve, posterior part and posterodorsal tubercle, FSL 710913, Loc. 1. G. Complete carapace, ventral view, FSL 710892, Loc. 1. H. Complete carapace, posterior view, FSL 710595, Loc. 1. Scale bars: A1, B1–B4, C, E1, F, G, 200 µm; A2, E2, 100 µm; D, 50 µm; H, 500 µm.

Fig. 2 in An atypical Silurian myodocope ostracod from the Armorican Massif, France

Fig. 2. General views of myodocope ostracod Sineruga insolita gen. et sp. nov., Ludlow–Pridoli Silurian. A. Paratype, left valve, FSL 710893, Loc. 1. B. Smallest specimen, right valve, FSL 710897, Loc. 1. C. Left valve, FSL 710630, Loc. 1. D. Left valve, LPB 18931b, Loc. 1. E. Right valve, FSL 710895, Loc. 1. F. Holotype, right valve, FSL 710900, Loc. 1. G. Right valve, FSL 710919, Loc. 1. H. Right valve, FSL 710631, Loc. 1. I. Right valve, FSL 710601, Loc. 1. J. Right valve, MNHN 145a, Loc. 2. K. Right valve, FSL710625, Loc. 1. L. Left valve, LPB 18926b, Loc. 1. M. Right valve, FSL 710898, Loc. 1. N. Left valve, LPB 18932b, Loc. 1. O. Complete carapace, FSL 710629, Loc. 1, in oblique frontal (O 1) and oblique dorsal (O2) views.

Fig. 4 in An atypical Silurian myodocope ostracod from the Armorican Massif, France

Fig. 4. General views of flattened myodocope ostracod Sineruga insolita gen. et sp. nov., Late Wenlock–Pridoli Silurian. A. Right valve, FSL 710533, Loc. 3. B. Both valves in "butterfly position", FSL 710924, Loc. 4. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, 200 µm.

Fig. 1 in An atypical Silurian myodocope ostracod from the Armorican Massif, France

Fig. 1. Geographic and stratigraphic position of studied localities (1–4). A. Silurian outcrops in Western Europe. B. Localities sampled in the Silurian of the Armorican Massif and Normandie, France. C. Approximate stratigraphic position of the localities. Successions after: Paris 1981 (Menez−Belair); Michel Robardet, personal communication 2005 (Normandie). Graptolite zonations from Sadler et al. (2009), not to scale.

FIGURE 3 in Morphology and histology of acanthodian fin spines from the late Silurian Ramsåsa E locality, Skåne, Sweden

FIGURE 3. High-resolution (voxel size: 0.678 µm) synchrotron data of fin spine morphotype A. (1), virtual thin section (slice 1535) showing the general morphology and internal organization of the vascular canals and osteocyte lacunae. (2,3), segmented data illustrating the organization of vascular canals and cell spaces, and, (4,5), the reconstructed data deconstructed to show each component. (6), virtual thin sections of magnified portion of ribbing, showing the ribbing canals from slices 820, 831, and 840. Red box in (1) shows the position of the magnified portion of the fossil. Abbreviations: bvc1,2, bone vascular canals (layers 1 or 2); dvc, dentine vascular canals; o, osteocyte spaces; r, rib; rib.c, ribbing canals; s, sulcus. Scale bars equal 250 µm.

FIGURE 5 in Morphology and histology of acanthodian fin spines from the late Silurian Ramsåsa E locality, Skåne, Sweden

FIGURE 5. Low-resolution (voxel size: 5 µm) synchrotron data of fin spine morphotype D, including virtual thin sections of slice (1), 2596; (2), slice 2155; (3), slice 1524; (4), slice 886 and; (5), slice 222. (6), Segmented data that approximate to the scan slices 1-5, illustrating the vascularization and composition of the fin spine. (7), High-resolution (voxel size: 0.678 µm) synchrotron data 3D reconstruction illustrating the vascular organization of the fin spine. Scale bars equal 250 µm. Abbreviations: b, basal layer; cb; compact bone; cc, central canal; med.c, median canal; trab.d, trabecular dentine; vc, vascular canal.

FIGURE 4 in Morphology and histology of acanthodian fin spines from the late Silurian Ramsåsa E locality, Skåne, Sweden

FIGURE 4. High-resolution (voxel size: 0.678 µm) synchrotron data of fin spine morphotype C, including virtual thin sections of (1), slice 1377; (2), slice 992; and (3), slice 12. (4-6) Reconstructions of the scanned fin spine showing the ornamentation. (7), Fin spine vascularization deconstructed into different parts and, (8), show all parts of the vascularization together, (9), in cross-sectional view with all canals from the scan, and (10), in cross-sectional view of isolated number of canals. (7-10) use the same colors. Scale bars equal 300 µm. Abbreviations: bas.c, basal canal; den, denticle; cc, central cavity; med.c, median canal; nod.c, node canals; r, ribbing; rib.c, ribbing canals; s, sulcus; trab.c, trabecular dentine canals.

FIGURE 2 in Morphology and histology of acanthodian fin spines from the late Silurian Ramsåsa E locality, Skåne, Sweden

FIGURE 2. Photographs and illustrations of the seven fin spine morphotypes (A-G) from the Ramsåsa locality in Skåne, southern Sweden. (1), morphotype A (NRM-PZ P. 16173); (2), morphotype B (NRM-PZ P. 16174); (3), morphotype C (NRM-PZ P. 16175); (4), morphotype D (NRM-PZ P. 16176); (5), morphotype E (NRM-PZ P. 16177); (6), morphotype F (NRM-PZ P. 16178); and (7), morphotype G (NRM-PZ P. 16179). Each spine is shown in dorsal (top), ventral (middle), and left-lateral (bottom) views. A dotted line indicates the spine midlines. Abbreviations: ax, apex; b, base; cc, central cavity; den, denticle; i, insertion; k, keel/anterior rib; n, node; r, rib; s, sulcus. Color coding indicates the keel: red; insertion: yellow; posteriorly facing nodes/denticles: green; longitudinal sulcus along the posterior surface: orange; wide posterior surface: blue.

FIGURE 1 in Morphology and histology of acanthodian fin spines from the late Silurian Ramsåsa E locality, Skåne, Sweden

FIGURE 1. Map modified from Mehlqvist et al. (2014) showing the location of the Ramsåsa area (1), and the Ramsåsa localities of Grönwall (1897) with an arrow indicating site E (2) adapted from Vergoossen (2004).

FIGURE 6 in Morphology and histology of acanthodian fin spines from the late Silurian Ramsåsa E locality, Skåne, Sweden

FIGURE 6. Virtual thin sections of (1), morphotype E; (2), morphotype F; and, (3), morphotype G. Scale bars equal 450 µm (1 and 2) and 200 µm (3). Abbreviations: cc, central cavity; k, keel; med.c, median canal; r, ribbing; rib.c, ribbing canals; s, sulcus.

FIGURE 7 in Telychian (Llandovery, Silurian) conodonts from the LaPorte City Formation of eastern Iowa, USA (East-Central Iowa Basin) and their implications for global Telychian conodont biostratigraphic correlation

FIGURE 7. Simple cone elements from Garrison Core. All specimens in lateral view except for 6. 1-2, Panderodus equicostatus, graciliform, GC 124.66–124.93 m, SUI 142251 (1) and graciliform, GC 121.92-121.88 m, SUI 142253 (2). 3-5, Panderodus panderi, graciliform, GC 124.66–124.93 m, SUI 142252 (3); arcuatiform, GC 131.95–132.23 m, SUI 142254 (4); and graciliform, GC 111.38–111.63 m, SUI 142255 (5). 6, Psuedooneotodus beckmanni, oral view, GC 135.65–136.10 m, SUI 142256. 7, Panderodus cf. P. unicostatus, falciform, GC 135.65–136.10 m, SUI 142257. 8- 11, Panderodus unicostatus, falciform, GC 131.95–132.23 m, SUI 142258 (8); fused cluster of 8 elements, GC 130.20–130.48 m, specimen destroyed processing for SEM (9); fused cluster of 6 elements, GC 131.95–132.23 m, SUI 142260 (10); and tortiform element, GC 131.95–132.23 m, SUI 142261 (11); 12-13, Walliserodus curvatus, dyscritiform, GC 134.06–134.31 m, SUI 142262 (12) and curvatiform, GC 128.85–129.11 m, SUI 142263 (13). 14-15, Panderodus greenlandensis, arcuatiform GC 118.20–118.41 m, SUI 142264 (14) and graciliform, GC 134.06–134.31 m, SUI 142265 (15). White scale bar represents 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Telychian (Llandovery, Silurian) conodonts from the LaPorte City Formation of eastern Iowa, USA (East-Central Iowa Basin) and their implications for global Telychian conodont biostratigraphic correlation

FIGURE 3. Cross section of Silurian strata in eastern Iowa. The lower two members of the Hopkinton Formation become indistinguishable in the western part of the cross section. The Sweeney and Marcus members are referred to as Hopkinton A, the Farmers Creek Quarry Member as Hopkinton B, and the Picture Rock Member as Hopkinton C in this manuscript. Note the change in datum at the CC core in Linn County. Modified from Witzke (1992, figure 6).

FIGURE 11. P1 in Telychian (Llandovery, Silurian) conodonts from the LaPorte City Formation of eastern Iowa, USA (East-Central Iowa Basin) and their implications for global Telychian conodont biostratigraphic correlation

FIGURE 11. P1 elements of Wurmiella? polinclinata estonica and Wurmiella? polinclinata polinclinata. 1-11 are classified as W.? polinclinata polinclinata. 12 and 14 show some characteristics of each subspecies, but compare most closely to W.? polinclinata polinclinata. 13, 15-17 are classified as W.? polinclinata estonica. All specimens in lateral view. 1, GC 121.92–121.88 m, SUI 142321; 2, GC 128.85–129.11 m, SUI 142322; 3-5, GC 130.20–130.48 m, SUI 142323 (3), 142324 (4), and 142325 (5); 6, GC 130.79–131.09 m, SUI 142326; 7-11, GC 131.95–132.23 m, SUI 142327 (7), 142328 (8), 142329 (9), 142330 (10), and 142331 (11); 12-14, GC 134.06–134.31 m, SUI 142332 (12), 142333 (13), and 142334 (14); and 15-17, GC 135.65–136.10 m, SUI 142335 (15), 142336 (16), and 142337 (17).

FIGURE 5 in Telychian (Llandovery, Silurian) conodonts from the LaPorte City Formation of eastern Iowa, USA (East-Central Iowa Basin) and their implications for global Telychian conodont biostratigraphic correlation

FIGURE 5. Stratigraphic column and conodont range chart for the LPC in the Garrison Core. Dashed lines indicate uncertainty in range. M = mudstone, W = Wackestone, P = Packstone, F = Floatstone for carbonate lithologies. L.H. = Lower Hopkinton. Log colors represent the color of the rock. Correlation of conodont biozonation to chronostratigraphic units from Cramer et al. (2011).

FIGURE 10 in Telychian (Llandovery, Silurian) conodonts from the LaPorte City Formation of eastern Iowa, USA (East-Central Iowa Basin) and their implications for global Telychian conodont biostratigraphic correlation

FIGURE 10. Conodonts from the Garrison Core and DX5 outcrop. 1-7, Pterospathodus amorphognathoides angulatus, Sc1 element, posterior view, GC 115.51–115.76 m, SUI 142304 (1); Pb1? element, lateral view, GC 115.51– 115.76 m, SUI 142305 (2); Pb2 element, GC 111.38–111.63 m, SUI 142306 (3); Pb1 element, inner lateral, and oral views, GC 115.51–115.76 m, SUI 132410 (4 and 5); Pa element, oral view, DX5 3.49–3.59 m, SUI 142307 (6); and Pa element, lateral view, DX5 4.59–4.61 m, SUI 142308 (7). 8-19, Pterospathodus eopennatus ssp. n. 2 sensu Männik (1998), Sb2 element, posterior, and lateral views, GC 130.79–131.09 m, SUI 142309 (8 and 9); Sc1 element, lateral view, GC 130.79–131.09 m, SUI 142310 (10); M element, GC 130.79–131.09 m, SUI 142311 (11); Pb1 element, lateral view, GC 128.85–129.11 m, SUI 142312 (12); Pc element, lateral view, GC 130.20–130.48 m, SUI 142313 (13); Pb1 element, lateral view, GC 130.20–130.48 m, SUI 142314 (14); Pa element, lateral view, GC 128.85–129.11 m, SUI 142315 (15); Pb1 element, lateral view, GC 130.20–130.48 m, SUI 142316 (16); Pa element, lateral, and oral views, GC 130.79–131.09 m, SUI 142317 (17 and 18); and Pa element fragment, oral view, GC 130.20–130.48 m, SUI 142318 (19). 20-21, Aulacognathus sp., juvenile P1 element, oral, and lateral-anterior views, GC 135.65–136.10 m, SUI 142319. 22-23, Kockelella cf. K. abrupta, P1 element, oral, and lateral views, DX5 0.67–0.74 m, SUI 142320.

FIGURE 2. 1 in Telychian (Llandovery, Silurian) conodonts from the LaPorte City Formation of eastern Iowa, USA (East-Central Iowa Basin) and their implications for global Telychian conodont biostratigraphic correlation

FIGURE 2. 1, Paleogeographic map showing the locations of the continents during the lower to middle Silurian. Black box indicates approximate location of the Illinois Basin. From Torsvik et al. (1996, figure 13). 2, Map showing the deepest part of the Illinois and East-Central Iowa basins, and trans-Iowa sag in Iowa and nearby states during the Silurian. Shading indicates extent of basins. Modified from Cramer et al. (2006, figure 1).