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450 results for “Spatio-temporal”
Importance of spatio-temporal connectivity to maintain species experiencing range shifts
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Propagating spatio-temporal activity patterns across macaque motor cortex carry kinematic information
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Spatio-temporal persistence of zooplankton communities in the Gulf of Alaska
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Data for: Leveraging spatio-temporal genomic breeding value estimates of dry matter yield and herbage quality in ryegrass via random regression models
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The effect of light availability and spatio-temporal heterogeneity on the soil seed bank diversity in temperate forests
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Understanding complex spatial dynamics from mechanistic models through spatio-temporal point processes
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Replicate analysis from: tinyVAST: R package with an expressive interface to specify lagged and simultaneous effects in multivariate spatio-temporal models
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A model of spatio-temporal regulation within biomaterials using DNA reaction–diffusion waveguides
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Data from: Spatio-temporally explicit model averaging for forecasting of Alaskan groundfish catch
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Predicting spatio-temporal population patterns of Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease pathogen
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Divergent response and adaptation of specific leaf area to environmental change at different spatio-temporal scales jointly improve plant survival
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Estimating spatio-temporal reproductive dynamics of fish populations with passive acoustic monitoring: A state-space model approach
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Data from: Low-dimensional spatio-temporal dynamics underlie cortex-wide neural activity
<p>Cognition arises from the dynamic flow of neural activity through the brain. To capture these dynamics, we used mesoscale calcium imaging to record neural activity across the dorsal cortex of awake mice. We found that the large majority of variance in cortex-wide activity (~75%) could be explained by a limited set of ~14 'motifs' of neural activity. Each motif captured a unique spatio-temporal pattern of neural activity across the cortex. These motifs generalized across animals and were seen in multiple behavioral environments. Motif expression differed across behavioral states and specific motifs were engaged by sensory processing, suggesting the motifs reflect core cortical computations. Together, our results show that cortex-wide neural activity is highly dynamic, but that these dynamics are restricted to a low-dimensional set of motifs, potentially allowing for efficient control of behavior.</p>
Monitoring spatio-temporal snow depth in the Chilean Andes using spaceborne tri-stereo photogrammetry
<p>Data provided for submitted work:</p> <p>Thomas E. Shaw, César Deschamps-Berger, Simon Gascoin, James McPhee</p> <p>Monitoring spatial and temporal differences in Andean snow depth <br> derived from satellite tri-stereo photogrammetry</p> <p>---------</p> <p><strong>Contents:</strong></p> <p> <strong>'SDmap_2017_3m.tif</strong>' = Filtered DEM difference for September 4th 2017.<br> <strong>'SDmap_2019_3m.tif'</strong> = Filtered DEM difference for September 2nd 2019.<br> <strong>'SDmap_gapfilled_2017_3m.tif'</strong> = Filtered DEM difference for September 4th 2017, gap-filled by random forest model. Random forest model initialised by 100 runs, using all available snow depths in 2017 and topographic indices as predictors (Shaw et al., 2020).<br> <strong>'SDmap_gapfilled_2019_3m.tif'</strong> = As above, but for the filtered DEM difference of September 2nd 2019. <br> <strong> 'Slope_3m.tif'</strong> = Slope angle (°) derived from the snow-free DEM (6th January 2018).<br> <strong>'TPI_3m.tif' </strong>= Topographic position index (TPI - Revuelto et al., 2014) derived from the snow-free DEM (6th January 2018) based upon a 60 m search distance.<br> <strong>'Aspect_3m.tif' </strong>= Aspect (°) derived from the snow-free DEM (6th January 2018).<br> <strong>'Exposure_SX_3m.tif'</strong> = Exposure parameter (SX) based upon Winstral et al. (2002) derived from the snow-free DEM (6th January 2018) and dominant ERA5 10 m wind direction for 2017 and 2019 winter average (45°).<br> <strong>'SkyViewFraction_3m.tif' </strong>= Sky view fraction derived from the snow-free DEM (6th January 2018).</p> <p>---------</p> <p><strong>NOTE:</strong></p> <p>Products of the Pléiades DEM processing are provided here, though publication of the raw Pléiades DEMs are restricted by the regulations of the CNES agreement for grant PNTS‐2018‐ 4.</p> <p>---------</p> <p><strong>Cited works:</strong></p> <p><strong>Revuelto, J., López-Moreno, J. I., Azorin-Molina, C., & Vicente-Serrano, S. M. (2014)</strong>. Topographic control of snowpack distribution in a small catchment in the central Spanish Pyrenees: Intra- and inter-annual persistence. The Cryosphere, 8(5), 1989–2006. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1989-2014<br> <strong>Shaw, T. E., Gascoin, S., Mendoza, P. A., Pellicciotti, F., & McPhee, J. (2020)</strong>. Snow Depth Patterns in a High Mountain Andean Catchment from Satellite Optical Tristereoscopic Remote Sensing Water Resources Research. Water Resources Research, 56, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR024880<br> <strong>Winstral, A., Elder, K., & Davis, R. E. (2002)</strong>. Spatial Snow Modeling of Wind-Redistributed Snow Using Terrain-Based Parameters. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 3(5), 524–538. https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0524:SSMOWR>2.0.CO;2</p>
Data from: Brain states govern the spatio-temporal dynamics of resting-state functional connectivity
<p>Previously, using simultaneous resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and photometry-based neuronal calcium recordings in the anesthetized rat, we identified blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses directly related to slow calcium waves, revealing a cortex-wide and spatially organized correlate of locally recorded neuronal activity (<a href="#_ENREF_68" title="Schwalm, 2017 #1"><span>Schwalm et al., 2017</span></a>). Here, using the same techniques, we investigate two distinct cortical activity states: persistent activity, in which compartmentalized network dynamics were observed; and slow wave activity, dominated by a cortex-wide BOLD component, suggesting a strong functional coupling of inter-cortical activity. During slow wave activity we find a correlation between the occurring slow wave events and the strength of functional connectivity between different cortical areas. These findings suggest that down-up transitions of neuronal excitability can drive cortex-wide functional connectivity. This study provides further evidence that changes in functional connectivity are dependent on the brain's current state, directly linked to the generation of slow waves.</p> <p> </p>
Resource pulses influence the spatio-temporal dynamics of a large carnivore population
<p>Resource availability is a key component in animal ecology, yet the manner in which carnivore populations respond to spatial and temporal fluctuations of resources remains<br> unclear. We take a population-level approach to determine how resource pulses, in this case a temporary hyper-abundance of prey, influence the densities and space-use of cheetahs <em>Acinonyx jubatus</em>. The Maasai Mara in Kenya experiences an annual migration of > 1.4 million wildebeest <em>Connochaetes taurinus</em> and large numbers of zebras <em>Equus quagga</em> and Thomson's gazelle <em>Eudorcas thomsonii</em> thereby providing a natural experiment to examine the influence of resource pulses on carnivore movement and densities. To draw inferences on fluctuating cheetah densities and space-use, we collected unstructured search-encounter data during eight sampling sessions, four during and four out of the migration, and analysed these using Bayesian spatially-explicit capture–recapture (SECR) models with sex-specific detection function parameters. Both density and space-use fluctuated seasonally but this varied according to sex. Local cheetah densities increased in areas and during times when prey abundance was highest but this was more pronounced for females than males. In terms of space-use, movements were larger during the migration than out of the migration but this was more pronounced for males than females. These results suggest that males are influenced more by resource distribution whereas females by resource abundance. Overall densities did vary but there was no clear pattern in relation to resource pulses. Understanding the behavioural drivers of population dynamics in relation to resource pulses can provide important insights into ecological processes at multiple ecological levels.</p>
Data to replicate: Forecasting community reassembly using climate-linked spatio-temporal ecosystem models
Ecosystems are increasingly impacted by human activities, altering linkages among physical and biological components. Spatial community reassembly occurs when these human impacts modify the spatial overlap between system components, and there is need for practical tools to forecast spatial community reassembly at landscape scales using monitoring data. To illustrate a new approach, we extend a generalization of empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, which involves a spatio-temporal ecosystem model that approximates coupled physical, biological, and human dynamics. We then demonstrate its application to five trophic levels for the eastern Bering Sea by fitting to multiple, spatially unbalanced datasets measuring physical characteristics (temperature measurements and climate-linked forecasts), primary producers (spring and fall size-fractionated chlorophyll-a), secondary producers (copepods), juveniles (age-0 walleye pollock), adult consumers (five commercially important fishes), human activities (seasonal fishing effort), and mobile predators (seabirds). We identify the spatial niche for each ecosystem component, as well as dominant modes of variability that are highly correlated with a known bottom-up driver of dynamics. We then measure spatial overlap between interacting variables (using Schoener's-D) and identify that age-0 pollock have decreased spatial overlap with copepods and increased overlap with adult pollock during warm years, and also that adult pollock have increased overlap with arrowtooth flounder and decreased overlap with catcher-processor fishing effort during these warm years. Given the warming conditions that are projected for the coming decade, the model forecasts increased prey and competitor overlap involving adult pollock (between age-0 pollock, adult pollock and arrowtooth flounder) and decreased overlap with the copepod forage base and with the catcher-processor fishery during future warming. We recommend that joint species distribution models be extended to incorporate "ecological teleconnections" (correlations between distant locations arising from known mechanisms) arising from behavioral adaptation by mobile animals as well as passive advection of nutrients and planktonic juvenile stages.
Characterizing the spatio-temporal threats, conservation hotspots and conservation gaps for the most extinction-prone bird family (Aves: Rallidae)
<p>Here we worked on the rails (bird family Rallidae), looking at whether the current threats are consistent with those that led to recent extinctions, and ultimately, what conservation actions might be necessary to mitigate further losses. We undertook a global synthesis of the temporal and spatial threat patterns for Rallidae and determined conservation priorities and gaps.</p>
Data from: Identifying footprints of selection in stocked brown trout populations: a spatio-temporal approach
Studies of interactions between farmed and wild salmonid fishes have suggested reduced fitness of farmed strains in the wild, but evidence for selection at the genic level is lacking. We studied three brown trout populations in Denmark which have been significantly admixed with stocked hatchery trout (19 to 64%), along with two hatchery strains used for stocking. The wild populations were represented by contemporary samples (2000-2006) and two of them by historical samples (1943-1956). We analyzed 61 microsatellite loci, nine of which showed putative functional relationships (EST-linked or quantitative trait loci). FST based outlier tests provided support for diversifying selection at chromosome regions marked by three loci, two anonymous and one EST-linked. Patterns of differentiation suggested that the loci were candidates for being under diversifying hitch-hiking selection in hatchery versus wild environments. Analysis of hatchery strain admixture proportions showed that in one wild population, two of the loci showed significantly lower admixture proportions than the putatively neutral loci, implying contemporary selection against alleles introduced by hatchery strain trout. In the most strongly admixed population, however, there was no evidence for selection, possibly due to immigration by stocked trout overcoming selection against hatchery-derived alleles or supportive breeding practices allowing hatchery strain trout to escape natural selection. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating footprints of selection in wild salmonid populations subject to spawning intrusion by farmed fish.
Data from: Spatio-temporal changes in the structure of an Australian frog hybrid zone: a 40 year perspective
Spatio-temporal studies of hybrid zones provide an opportunity to test evolutionary hypotheses of hybrid zone maintenance and movement. We conducted a landscape genetics study on a classic hybrid zone of the south-eastern Australian frogs, Litoria ewingii and L. paraewingi. This hybrid zone has been comprehensively studied since the 1960s, providing the unique opportunity to directly assess changes in hybrid zone structure across time. We compared both mtDNA and male advertisement call data from two time periods (present and 1960s). Clinal analysis of the coincidence (same centre) and concordance (same width) of these traits indicated that the centre of the hybrid zone has shifted 1 km south over the last 40 years, although the width of the zone and the rate of introgression remained unchanged. The low frequency of hybrids, the strong concordance of clines within a time period and the small but significant movement across the study period despite significant anthropogenic changes through the region, suggest the hybrid zone is a tension zone located within a low density trough. Hybrid zone movement has not been considered common in the past but our findings highlight that it should be considered a crucial component to our understanding of evolution.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.