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955 results for “Subtropical”
Crop heterogeneity is positively associated with beneficial insect diversity in subtropical farmlands
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Impact of human disturbance on the abundance of non-breeding shorebirds in a subtropical wetland
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Sponge presence increases the diversity and abundance of fish and invertebrates in a subtropical seagrass bed
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Global change progressively increases foliar nitrogen–phosphorus ratios in China's subtropical forests
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Wood trait–decay relationships vary with topography and rainfall seasonality in a subtropical forest in China
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Interspecific introgression and widespread intraspecific gene flow in a clade of tropical and subtropical seabirds
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Data from: Identifying seed families with high mixture performance in a subtropical forest biodiversity experiment
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Data from: Eco–enzymatic stoichiometry unveils resource limitations in soil microorganisms during subtropical vegetation restoration
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Changes in trait covariance along an orographic moisture gradient reveal the relative importance of light- and moisture-driven trade-offs in subtropical rainforest communities
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Reptile diversity patterns under climate and land use change scenarios in a subtropical montane landscape in Mexico
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Plant management but not fertilization mediates soil carbon emission and microbial community composition in subtropical Eucalyptus plantations
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Data and code from: Breakdown in seasonal dynamics of subtropical ant communities with land-cover change
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Response of humic acids and soil organic matter to vegetation replacement in subtropical high mountain forests
In this study, we used solid-state 13 C NMR spectroscopy, photometric analyses, and chemical fractionation to examine carbon (C) components and lability of SOM in a Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) forest and moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) plantation reforested on a cutover primary broadleaf forest in Taiwan. The data was collected in Feb 2014.
Grazing and microhabitat interact to affect plant-plant interactions in subtropical seasonal wetlands, 2007-2008
The stress gradient hypothesis predicts that competition will be important in productive environments while facilitation will be common in environments with high stress or consumer pressure. However, abiotic stress and grazing may vary independently and even occur simultaneously. Here we examine the outcome of plant interactions in grazed wetlands where consumer pressure and abiotic stress occur concurrently. We hypothesized that cattle grazing and microhabitat would alter the outcome of plant interactions. Given that wetland edges are drier and less productive than wetland centers we expected that facilitation would be greatest in drier wetland edges due to greater abiotic stress regardless of cattle presence. We conducted an experiment for two growing seasons in ten wetlands, five exposed to cattle grazing and five fenced. Two wetland obligate plants were included (Panicum hemitomon and Alternanthera philoxeroides), and plots were assigned to three treatments 1) all neighbors removed, 2) all neighbors removed except Juncus effusus, a dominant, unpalatable plant, 3) all neighbors intact (control), in both wetland centers and edges. Differences in survival, change in height and number of leaves were assessed. In ungrazed wetlands, plant survival was higher in wetland edges vs. centers, while it did not differ in grazed wetlands. Survival in wetland edges was further increased by the presence of J. effusus. Positive interactions under grazed conditions were clear when plant height was assessed, but negative interactions affected leaf production in both ungrazed and grazed wetlands. Grazing interacts with wetland microhabitat to alter plant survival. Facilitative interactions on plant height were apparent in grazed wetlands. Understanding how plant interactions change under different biotic and abiotic contexts is important for informing ecosystem restoration and management.
Temporal and spatial dynamics of Synechococcus clade II and other microbes in the eutrophic subtropical San Diego Bay
This data set comprises amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) from the nutrient-replete waters of San Diego Bay (SDB). Using 16S and 18S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing for Synechococcus, we analyzed multiple locations in San Diego Bay monthly for over a year (2021-2022) with additional samples dating back to 2015. San Diego Bay ITS region sequences were compared to nearby coastal samples collected from the Scripps Pier at Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
Zonation of mangrove flora and fauna in a subtropical estuarine wetland based on surface elevation
<p>In the context of sea-level rise (SLR), an understanding of the spatial distributions of mangrove flora and fauna is required for effective ecosystem management and conservation. These distributions are greatly affected by tidal inundation, and surface elevation is a reliable quantitative indicator of the effects of tidal inundation. Most recent studies have focused exclusively on the quantitative relationships between mangrove-plant zonation and surface elevation, neglecting mangrove fauna. Here, we measured surface elevation along six transects through the mangrove forests of a subtropical estuarine wetland in Zhenzhu Bay (Guangxi, China), using a real-time kinematic global positioning system. We identified the mangrove plants along each transect and investigated the spatial distributions of arboreal, epifaunal, and infaunal molluscs, as well as infaunal crabs, using traditional quadrats. Our results indicated that 97.3% of all mangrove forests in the bay were distributed within the 400–750 m intertidal zone, between the local mean sea level and mean high water (119 cm above mean sea level). Mangrove plants exhibited obvious zonation patterns, and different species tended to inhabit different niches along the elevation gradient: <i>Aegiceras corniculatum</i> dominated in seaward locations while <i>Lumnitzera racemosa</i> dominated in landward areas. Mangrove molluscs also showed distinct patterns of spatial zonation correlated with surface elevation, independent of life-form and season; the spatial distributions of some molluscs were influenced by the relative abundances of certain mangrove plants. In contrast, the spatial distributions of crabs in the bay were not correlated with surface elevation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explicitly quantify the influences of surface elevation on the spatial distributions of mangrove fauna in the intertidal zone. This characterization of the vertical ranges of various flora and fauna in mangrove forests provides a basic framework for future studies aimed at predicting changes in the structure and functions of mangrove forests in response to SLR.</p>
Carbon-Phosphorous Lyase Enzyme Activity Profiles in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
<p>These datasets contain oceanic enzyme activity measurements of Carbon-Phosphorus (C-P) lyase, a catalytic enzyme pathway, which cleaves C-P bonds, allowing microbial utilization of phosphonates as a phosphorous source. These activity measurements were made in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Samples were collected in the top 1000 m of the water column on KM1717, KM1821, and KM2001 cruises and in the top 225 m of the water column on FK180310-2.</p>
Data from: Invertebrate phenology modulates the effect of the leaf economics spectrum on litter decomposition rate across 41 subtropical woody plant species
<ol> <li>Litter quality and decomposers are critical to carbon and nutrient cycling through litter decomposition. However, how relationships between litter quality and invertebrate detritivores change litter mass loss through time is poorly known. Species' initial leaf litter quality, as a legacy of their position on the "leaf economics spectrum" (LES), may determine the invertebrate contribution to litter mass loss. This contribution may change through time, as both population peaks of invertebrate detritivores and litter quality of given species will change through time.</li> <li>Here we introduce invertebrate phenology into a conceptual model of drivers of litter mass loss. We hypothesized that in the early decomposition period, LES can predict litter decomposability with or without a strong invertebrate contribution, i.e., litter with higher nutrient content would decompose faster. But in the later decomposition period, when higher quality litter will already have decomposed too much and lower quality litters have still been less degraded, a strong invertebrate peak would coincide with relatively more consumption of initially lower quality litters; this would lead to a hump-back relationship between leaf litter mass loss and initial LES position in this period.</li> <li>We tested our hypothesis through a one-year field decomposition experiment using leaf litter of 41 woody species in each of two sites in subtropical forest in China; only one of these sites had a strong late peak of leaf litter-feeding moth larvae in the litter layer.</li> <li>LES score of litter species had a positive linear relationship with litter mass loss before the key invertebrate consumer peaks in the litter layer. However, with the invertebrates peaking later into the decomposition process, the invertebrate consumption peaked at initially lower quality litters, which altered the species' decomposability trajectory on the LES, consistent with the hypothesized hump-back relationship between leaf litter mass loss and LES. This phenomenon resulted in a strongly reduced slope of cumulative mass loss on initial LES score across species.</li> <li>Our finding highlights the importance of considering interactions between the timing of detritivore activities and the timing of litter quality for better understanding the relationships between soil animals and ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycling.</li> </ol>
Something is not quite right: effects of two land uses on anuran diversity in subtropical grasslands
Although habitat modification is considered one of the main causes of biodiversity loss, the relative contribution of different rural land uses to biodiversity conservation are far less known. Additionally, the realization of the multidimensionality of biodiversity demands studies integrating variation of functional traits and phylogenetic information as complements to address the effects of land use on the structure of animal communities. Herein, we investigated the effects of land use (i.e., intensive agricultural and extensive livestock rearing) on functional and phylogenetic diversity of anuran communities in farmland ponds from the Uruguayan savanna ecoregion, while considering the effects of local factors (i.e., water depth) on species composition. We surveyed adults and tadpoles in 22 ponds and quantified five traits related to tadpole feeding, habitat use, and predator avoidance. Tadpole identification was corroborated by DNA barcoding based on a fragment of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. We observed a decline in phylogenetic mean nearest taxon distance associated with increase of surrounding agricultural land use. While land use intensification did not affect richness (functional or phylogenetic), ponds in livestock ranches hosted about four times more tadpoles than agricultural ponds. Functional evenness decreased with water depth, although such relationship disappeared when considering phylogenetic non-independence. Our results indicated that specific anuran clades were more sensitive to intensification in land use, reinforcing a recent view of phylogenetic homogenization following habitat conversion. Additionally, our study suggests that extensive cattle grazing over wide native pastures may provide an alternative more compatible with conservation than short-term crops in subtropical grasslands.
Data from: Addition of nitrogen to canopy versus understory has different effects on leaf traits of understory plants in a subtropical evergreen broad–leaved forest
<p>Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has substantial effects on forest ecosystems. The effects of N deposition on understory plants have been simulated by spraying N on the forest floor. Such understory addition of N (UAN) might simulate atmospheric N deposition in a biased manner, because it bypasses the canopy.</p> <p>We compared the effects of UAN and canopy addition of N (CAN) at 0, 25, and 50 kg N ha<sup>–1</sup> year<sup>–1</sup> on specific leaf area (SLA), leaf construction costs (CC), concentrations of leaf carbon ([C]), nitrogen ([N]), phosphorus ([P]), minerals ([Mineral]), nitrate ([NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>]), lignin ([Lignin]), lipids ([Lipid]), organic acids ([OA]), soluble phenolics ([SP]), total non-structural carbohydrates ([TNC]), and total structural carbohydrates ([TSC]) in six dominant understory species in a subtropical evergreen forest after five years of N treatments.</p> <p>We found that leaf CC, [C], [Lignin], [OA], [TNC] and [TSC] were significantly affected by N-addition approach and rate, but leaf [P] and [Lipid] were affected by N-addition approach and N-addition rate, respectively; leaf CC, [C], [P], [OA], and [TNC] were significantly lower under UAN than under CAN, but leaf [TSC] and [Lignin] were significantly higher and lower, respectively, under UAN than under CAN at 50 kg N ha<sup>–1</sup> year<sup>–1</sup>; the decline of leaf [C] and [Lignin] contributed to the significantly lower leaf CC under UAN than under CAN.</p> <p><em>Synthesis</em>. We show that canopy and understory N addition exerted significantly different effects on leaf traits of understory plants. The results indicate that understory plants in subtropical forest respond differently to understory addition of N from those to atmospheric deposition of N. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the unbiased ecological processes and functions of forest ecosystem responding to atmospheric N deposition via both canopy and understory N addition experiments over a longer term.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.