Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
1,140
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
1,140 results for “TOPS”
SGS-LTER CO2 Elevation Study: Leaf carbon isotope, nitrogen, carbon and Ci/Ca means from the SGS Open Top Chamber experiment on the Central Plains Experimental Range, Nunn, Colorado, USA 1997 - 2001
This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. Additional information and referenced materials can be found: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/82454. Carbon isotopes of elevated and ambient OTC plants were measured for use in isotope labeling and plant water-use-efficiency measures. Leaf N and C are associated parameters were also measured. This research was conducted at the Central Plains Experimental Range, near Nunn, CO; lat.40degrees 40 minutes N; long. 104 degrees 45 minutes W in the shortgrass steppe region of NE Colorado, USA and as a collaboration between SGS-LTER and USDA-ARS researchers.
SGS-LTER CO2 Elevation Study: Amount of seedlings germinated from surface soil of Open Top Chamber plots on the Central Plains Experimental Range, Nunn, Colorado, USA 1997 - 2001
This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. Additional information and referenced materials can be found: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/82454. At the end of the Open Top Chamber study, surface soil was removed from each of the 9 plots, and placed in flats in a greenhouse; mist irrigated frequently, and germinated seedlings were identified by species, to get an idea of the available seed bank after 5 years. There was a great amount of variability; overall there was an increase in seeds in the chambered plots. This research was conducted at the Central Plains Experimental Range, near Nunn, CO; lat.40degrees 40 minutes N; long. 104 degrees 45 minutes W in the shortgrass steppe region of NE Colorado, USA and as a collaboration between SGS-LTER and USDA-ARS researchers.
SGS-LTER CO2 Elevation Study: Stipa comata basal size and plant density per Open Top Chamber plot on the Central Plains Experimental Range, Nunn, Colorado, USA 1997 - 2001
This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. Additional information and referenced materials can be found: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/82454. At the end of the Open Top Chamber experiment the number and basal size of Stipa comata plants in ambient and elevated (720ppm) chambered and unchambered plots was measured. There was a greater number of small plants and seedlings in the elevated CO2 plots. This research was conducted at the Central Plains Experimental Range, near Nunn, CO; lat.40degrees 40 minutes N; long. 104 degrees 45 minutes W in the shortgrass steppe region of NE Colorado, USA and as a collaboration between SGS-LTER and USDA-ARS researchers.
Top-down control of saccades requires inhibition of suddenly appearing stimuli
<p>Data from:</p> <p>Wolf, C. & Lappe, M. (202x). Top-down control of saccades requires inhibition of suddenly appearing stimuli.</p> <p>For each of the six experiments the data set can be found in the corresponding txt file (e.g. e1.txt for experiment 1). Labels of the columns can be found in ColumnLabels.pdf</p> <p>For experiments 1-4 the same set of participants has been recorded and identical participant numbers refer to the same individual. For each of the last two experiments, experiment 5 and 6, a new set of participants has been recorded and identical participant numbers do not refer to the same individual from other experiments.</p> <p>For questions please contact chr.wolf[at]wwu.de</p>
Hunters versus Hunted: New perspectives on the physiological costs of survival at the top of the food chain
<ol> <li>Global biotic and abiotic threats,<a name="_Hlk41730390">particularly from pervasive human activities</a>, are progressively pushing large, apex carnivorous mammals into the functional role of mesopredator. Hunters are now becoming the hunted. Despite marked impacts on these animals and the ecosystems in which they live, little is known about the physiological repercussions of this role downgrading from ultimate to penultimate predator.</li> <li>Here we examine how such ecological role reversals alter the physiological processes associated with energy expenditure, and ultimately the cost of survival during peak performance.</li> <li>Taxonomic group, preferred habitat, and domestication affected the capacity of the oxygen pathway to support high levels of aerobic performance by carnivorous mammals. Fear responses associated with anthropogenic threats also impacted aerobic capacity. </li> <li>Allometric trends for three energetic metrics (maximum oxygen consumption, field metabolic rates, and the cost per stride or step), showed distinct trends in aerobic capacity for different evolutionary lineages of mammalian predators. Cursorial canids that chase down prey demonstrated the highest relative maximum oxygen consumption rates (10-25 times resting levels) and field metabolic rates, while ambush predators (i.e., felids) and marine mammals had aerobic capacities that were similar to or lower than sedentary domestic mammals of comparable size.</li> <li>The maximum energetic cost of performance for apex predators depended on whether the animals were hunters or the hunted. Escape responses were exceptionally costly for marine (narwhal, <i>Monodon monoceros</i>) and terrestrial (mountain lion, <i>Puma concolor) </i>locomotor specialists, as well as semi-aquatic (polar bear, <i>Ursus maritimus</i>) species; all showed a nearly two-fold increase in peak energy expenditure when avoiding threats.</li> <li>As the duration and frequency of threats to wild species continue to grow, cumulative energetic costs are becoming more apparent. In view of this, attention to the energy demands of apex predators will provide vital predictive power to anticipate mismatches between a species functional design and human-induced pressures, and allow for the development of conservation strategies based on how species are built to survive.</li> </ol>
Data from: Behavioural and fitness effects of translocation to a novel environment: whole-lake experiments in two aquatic top predators
<p>Translocation into a novel environment through common fisheries-management practices, such as fish stocking, provides opportunities to study behavioural and fitness impacts of translocations at realistic ecological scales. The process of stocking, as well as the unfamiliarity with novel ecological conditions and the interactions with resident fish may affect translocated individuals, leading to alterations of behaviours and causing fitness impacts.</p> <p>Our objectives were to investigate how aquatic top-predators behaviourally establish themselves and compete with resident individuals following introduction in a novel lake environment and to investigate the resulting fitness consequences.</p> <p>Using high-resolution acoustic telemetry, we conducted whole-lake experiments and compared the activity, activity-space size and fate of translocated and resident individuals in two model top predators, northern pike (Esox lucius, n = 160) and European catfish (Silurus glanis, n = 33). Additionally, we compared the reproductive fitness of translocated and resident northern pike. The experiment was conducted with large (adult) individuals of different origins, resilient to predation, but subject to agonistic interactions and competition with resident fish.</p> <p>Over a period of several months, the translocated catfish exhibited consistently larger activity-space sizes than resident catfish, but did not differ from residents in activity and survival. The pike from one of the two translocated origins we tested also showed elevated space-use, and both translocated origins revealed higher mortality rates than their resident conspecifics, indicating maladjustment to their novel environment. When non-resident pike reproduced, they overwhelmingly produced hybrid offspring with resident fish, indicating that introductions fostered gene flow of non-native genes.</p> <p>Our study indicates that fish introductions result in behavioural and fitness impacts even in large-bodied top predators that experience low levels of natural predation risk. </p>
Top Notch Eye Services in Ludhiana
<p>We are one of the largest and pioneer Eye Care Service Provider in Ludhiana. A 360 solution to any of your eye problem at any of your age from childhood to adult. We also provide the affordable eye surgeries from Lasik Laser to Cataract and separate team of <a href="https://ranahealthcare.com/">child eye care doctors in Punjab</a>. </p>
Learned predators enhance biological control via organizational upward and trophic top‐down cascades
<p>Learning is a behavioral change based on memory of previous experiences and a ubiquitous phenomenon in animals. Learning effects are commonly life stage- and age-specific. In many animals, early life experiences lead to pervasive and persistent behavioral changes.</p> <p>There is broad consensus that learning has far-reaching implications to biological control. Proximate and ultimate factors of individual learning by parasitoids and true predators are relatively well understood, yet the consequences of learning to higher organizational levels, populations and communities, and top-down trophic cascades are unexplored.</p> <p>We addressed this issue using a tri-trophic system consisting of predatory mites <em>Amblyseius swirskii</em>, Western flower thrips <em>Frankliniella occidentalis</em> and whole common bean plants, <em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em>. <em>F. occidentalis</em> are notorious horticultural pests that are difficult to control. Therefore, practitioners have much to gain by optimizing biological control of thrips.</p> <p>Previous studies have shown that early life experience of thrips by <em>A. swirskii</em> improves foraging on thrips later in life due to decreased prey recognition times and increased predation rates, together enhancing predator fecundity. Here, we hypothesized that early learning by<em> A. swirskii </em>enhances biological control of thrips via immediate and cascading effects. We predicted that release of thrips-experienced predators enhances predator population growth and thrips suppression and reduces plant damage as compared to release of thrips-naïve predators.</p> <p>The behavioral changes brought about by early learning cascaded up to the population and community levels. Thrips-experienced predators caused favorable immediate and cascading effects that could not be compensated for in populations founded by thrips-naïve predators. Populations founded by thrips-experienced predators grew faster, reached higher abundances, were more efficacious in suppressing an emerging thrips population and kept plant damage at lower levels than populations founded by thrips-naïve predators. Plant fecundity correlated negatively with thrips abundance and positively with predatory mite abundance. Improved biological control was mainly due to thrips-experienced founders providing for a head-start in predator population growth and thrips suppression.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: Our study suggests that learned natural enemies have high potential to optimize augmentative biological control on a larger scale due to favorably modulating organizational upward and trophic top-down cascades.</p>
Data set on Energy Efficiency potentials on top of reference scenarios
<p>As it is not possible to include the entire dataset in this report, we only include the Energy Efficiency potentials for Austria. The full dataset, showing the savings potentials for all EU27 (and UK) countries, is available upon request to the project coordinator.</p>
Dataset of 'Search for top-down and bottom-up drivers of latitudinal trends in insect herbivory in oak trees in Europe'
<p>This file correspond to the dataset that has being used in the article ‘Search for top-down and bottom-up drivers of latitudinal trends in insect herbivory in oak trees in Europe’ by Elena Valdés-Correcher et al. in Global Ecology and Biogeography.</p>
Top view images of kale (Brassica oleracea)
<p>Top view images of two <em>Brassica oleracea</em> varieties: <em>B. oleracea</em> var. <em>acephala</em> ‘Nero di Toscana’ - black palm kale (<strong>S1</strong>) and <em>B. oleracea</em> var. <em>sabellica</em> - curly kale (<strong>S2</strong>). Dataset contains 6400 images, 3200 per variety. Pictures were taken for 20 consecutive days (<strong>D</strong>). "b" after D marks the plants grown in the second stage (details below).</p> <p>Detailed information:</p> <p>The two varieties were grown in 8cm x 8cm pots inside the greenhouse of Wageningen University & Research. The pots were filled with a finely sieved peat compost. To ensure their germination, two seeds were seeded in each pot, a thin layer of compost being sieved on top of the seeds. The pots were then sprayed with water. Five days after seeding, a nutrient solution was applied. Thus, the substrate was saturated with ½ Hoagland solution to promote plants’ growth. Six days after seeding, the sprouts were transplanted to the pots where neither of the two seeds germinated. All additional sprouts were removed to establish the final growth stage of one plant per pot. The substrate was kept moist throughout the growing period by watering the pots daily or every two days, depending on the environmental conditions. These conditions were characterized by an average day temperature of 26°C.</p> <p>The kale plants were grown in two stages, each stage containing half the plants and lasting for 28 days: June 16th - July 14th and July 10th - August 7th. In total, a number of 160 plants were grown per variety, summing up to 320 plants. Eight days after seeding, the plants reached the necessary growth stage to begin the dataset acquisition phase. Thus, all plants were photographed individually for 20 consecutive days, resulting in a 6400 image dataset.</p> <p>The equipment used for taking the pictures consisted of a OnePlus 6T mobile camera and a phone holder. Top view pictures were taken by mounting the holder on a table, then stabilizing the phone on the holder at a 90° angle facing down. Furthermore, a centimeter ruler was placed in the bottom left corner of the picture frame.</p>
Data from: Does warming by open-top chambers induce change in the root-associated fungal community of the arctic dwarf shrub Cassiope tetragona (Ericaceae)?
Climate change may alter mycorrhizal communities, which impact ecosystem characteristics such as carbon sequestration processes. These impacts occur at a greater magnitude in Arctic ecosystems, where the climate is warming faster than in lower latitudes. Cassiope tetragona (L.) D. Don is an Arctic plant species in the Ericaceae family with a circumpolar range. C. tetragona has been reported to form ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) as well as ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbioses. In this study, the fungal taxa present within roots of C. tetragona plants collected from Svalbard were investigated using DNA metabarcoding. In light of ongoing climate change in the Arctic, the effects of artificial warming by open-top chambers (OTCs) on the fungal root community of C. tetragona were evaluated. We detected only a weak effect of warming by OTCs on the root-associated fungal communities that was masked by the spatial variation between sampling sites. The root fungal community of C. tetragona was dominated by fungal groups in the Basidiomycota traditionally classified as either saprotrophic or ECM symbionts, including the orders Sebacinales and Agaricales and the genera Clavaria, Cortinarius, and Mycena. Only a minor proportion of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) could be annotated as ErM-forming fungi. This indicates that C. tetragona may be forming mycorrhizal symbioses with typically ECM-forming fungi, although no characteristic ECM root tips were observed. Previous studies have indicated that some saprophytic fungi may also be involved in biotrophic associations, but whether the saprotrophic fungi in the roots of C. tetragona are involved in biotrophic associations remains unclear. The need for more experimental and microscopy-based studies to reveal the nature of the fungal associations in C. tetragona roots is emphasized.
Data from: Cascading effects of a top predator on intraspecific competition at intermediate and basal trophic levels
1. Predators can impact competition among prey by altering prey density via consumption or by causing prey to modify their traits or foraging behavior. Yet, differences between these two mechanisms may lead to different cascading impacts on lower trophic levels. 2. Using a crab-snail-barnacle rocky intertidal food chain, we tested the effects of predation risk from crabs (top predators) on intraspecific competition among snails (intermediate consumers) and emergent indirect effects on the density of and competition between barnacles (basal resources). 3. The per capita foraging and growth rates of snails declined with high conspecific density. Predation risk from crabs, which caused even larger reductions in snail foraging and growth, weakened competition among snails, whereas a 45% increase in barnacle density had no detectable effect on snail competition. 4. Intraspecific competition between barnacles, however, depended on the interactive effects of barnacle density, snail density, and crab predation risk. Barnacles developed hummocking morphologies as they grew and competed for space. Hummock formation (a proxy for competition) increased as a result of either greater initial barnacle density or reduced snail foraging pressure, but these effects depended on predation risk. 5. The effects of crab predation risk on snail foraging behavior weakened an otherwise strong relationship between barnacle density and hummock development: hummocking increased with barnacle density in the absence of crabs but remained relatively high when crabs were present. In communities with similar final barnacle densities, hummocking was more common in those with crabs than those without crabs. 6. The extent to which predators can drive trophic cascades by suppressing the foraging rates of their prey is highly context-dependent: the positive trait-mediated indirect effect of predators on basal resource abundance is stronger when many prey respond simultaneously to the threat of predation. However, our results demonstrate that top predators can also enhance competition among basal resources even when their indirect effect on resource abundance is relatively weak. Hence, the cascading effects of predators on competition within lower trophic levels may play an important but underappreciated role in the dynamics of basal resource populations and the communities they support.
Drivers of spatiotemporal variability in bycatch of a top marine predator: First evidence for the role of water turbidity in protected species bycatch
1. Bycatch of protected species in static net fisheries is a global conservation concern and is currently considered the dominant anthropogenic threat to many marine mammal species worldwide. Effective bycatch mitigation remains challenging, contingent on an understanding of the underlying mechanisms that cause individuals to become entangled. 2. We combined data collected by scientific observers and fishers to identify predictors of seal bycatch in static net fisheries along the west, southwest, and south coasts of Ireland. We first analysed the broad regional and seasonal trends in seal bycatch before identifying environmental variables that could potentially explain these patterns. 3. Based on negative binomial generalised linear mixed effects models, the rate of seal bycatch significantly varied with season and region, and decreased at greater distances to major seal colonies and lower water turbidity. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that distance to major seal colonies was a significant driver of the observed regional differences in seal bycatch rates, and water turbidity a major driver of seasonal trends. These findings will enable us to identify future bycatch risk and target mitigation measures accordingly. This is the first study to identify the effect of water turbidity on bycatch of a protected marine species. Increasing net visibility in turbid waters may provide a novel approach to mitigating against protected species bycatch in static net fisheries.05-Nov-2019
Data from: Disturbance-mediated consumer assemblages determine fish community structure and moderate top-down influences through bottom-up constraints
<ol> <li>Disturbance is a strong structuring force that can influence the strength of species interactions at all trophic levels, but controls on the contributions to community structure of top-down and bottom-up processes across such gradients remain poorly understood. Changes in the composition of predator and consumer assemblages, and their associated traits, across gradients of environmental harshness (e.g., flooding) are likely to be a particularly important influence on the strength of top-down control and may drive bottom-up constraints.</li> <li>We examined how consumers with particular traits, and the predators that consumed them, varied across a gradient of stream flooding disturbance and used experiments to assess the predation impact on those contrasting consumer communities (ultimately quantifying how flood disturbance altered the strength of top-down control).</li> <li>Consumer community composition and mobility were strongly related to flood disturbance; the biomass and drift of protected primary consumers (i.e., those with morphological defences) decreased with increasing flood disturbance. Predatory fish species had different disturbance niches, and path analysis identified that both direct flood-disturbance effects and indirect bottom-up constraints of flood-disturbance on consumers influenced predatory fish composition and biomass. Fishes generally fed most effectively on consumer types associated with their particular niche, but all fishes were strongly size-selective when feeding on protected consumers. Although protected consumers did not grow large enough to escape predation, an <i>in situ </i>experiment showed protected consumers were at a reduced risk of predation as disturbance increased compared to unprotected consumers.</li> <li>Overall, top-down control declined with flood disturbance, but the effect depended on consumer traits. Predatory fishes were only capable of exerting top-down control on protected consumers in benign habitats but impacted unprotected consumers across a larger range of the disturbance gradient. Collectively our findings suggest that a shift towards a more disturbed state will probably result in reduced predator impacts and a weakening of top-down control. Moreover, predicted increases in the frequency and intensity of climatic events causing disturbance, such as flooding, are likely to result in a community shift that disproportionately impacts protected consumers and the predators that utilise them as prey through the subsequent bottom-up constraints.</li> </ol>
Bottom-up when it is not top-down: Predators and plants control biomass of grassland arthropods
1) We investigate where bottom-up and top-down control regulates ecological communities as a mechanism linking ecological gradients to the geography of consumer abundance and biomass. We use standardized surveys of 54 North American grasslands to test alternate hypotheses predicting 100-fold shifts in the biomass of four common grassland arthropod taxa—Auchenorrhyncha, sucking herbivores, Acrididae, chewing herbivores, Tettigoniidae, omnivores, and Araneae, predators. 2) Bottom-up models predict that consumer biomass tracks plant quantity (e.g. productivity and standing biomass) and quality (nutrient content) and that ectotherm access to food increases with temperature. Each of the focal trophic groups responded differently to these drivers: the biomass of sucking herbivores and omnivores increased with plant biomass; that of chewing herbivores tracked plant quality; and predator biomass did not depend on plant quality, plant quantity, or temperature. 3) The exploitation ecosystem hypothesis (EEH) is a top-down hypothesis that predicts a shift from resource limitation of herbivores when plant production is low, to predator limitation when plant production is high. In grasslands where spider biomass was low, herbivore biomass increased with plant biomass, whereas bottom-up structuring was not evident when spiders were abundant. Furthermore, neither predator biomass nor trophic position (via stable isotope analysis) increased with plant biomass, suggesting predators themselves are top-down limited. 4) Stable isotope analysis revealed that trophic position of the chewing herbivore and omnivore increased significantly with plant biomass, suggesting these groups increased scavenging and meat consumption in grasslands with higher carbohydrate availability. 5) Taken together, our snapshot sampling documents gradients of food web structure across 54 grasslands, consistent with multiple hypotheses of bottom-up and top-down regulation. 10-Jan-2020
Pyramid Top Anti Tank Cube - 2022-01-01
Set of two pyramid top anti tank cubes which are one form of British Anti-Invasion Obstacles fro the Second World war. These two are located in Kimmerage - Dorset- Uk. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
320-330R650-660 Block at Top of Subsoil
**320-330R650-660 block at top-of-subsoil surface** Location: Wall site (31Or11), Orange County, North Carolina. Period: Late Woodland (AD 1500-1600). Dimensions: length, 10.00 ft (3.05 m) north-south; width, 10.00 ft (3.05 m) east-west. Notes: A 10x10-ft block at the east edge of the Wall site, excavated by the Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, in 2016. Model by Steve Davis. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
PT-76 top cover [partical photogrammatry scan]
My 3D reconstruction generated with photogrammetry software 3DF Zephyr v4.513 processing 123 images Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
330-350R650-660 Block at Top of Subsoil
**330-350R650-660 block at top-of-subsoil surface** Location: Wall site (31Or11), Orange County, North Carolina. Period: Late Woodland (AD 1500-1600). Dimensions: length, 20.00 ft (6.10 m) north-south; width, 10.00 ft (3.05 m) east-west. Notes: A 10x20-ft block at the east edge of the Wall site, excavated by the Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, in 2016. Postholes in this unit have not been excavated. Model by Steve Davis. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.