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445 results for “abiotic”
Global quantitative synthesis of effects of biotic and abiotic factors on stemflow production in woody ecosystems
<p><span><b>Aim: </b>Stemflow has been increasingly recognized as an indispensable component in water and nutrient budgets within vegetated ecosystems. Here we aim to quantify the stemflow percentage (St, %) of incident precipitation (i.e., stemflow production) at a global scale, and to provide a systematic evaluation on how biotic and abiotic factors affect St.</span></p> <p><span><b>Location: </b>Global</span></p> <p><span><b>Time period: </b>1970 – 2019</span></p> <p><span><b>Major taxa studied: </b>Woody plants (trees and shrubs)</span></p> <p><span><b>Methods: </b>We compiled a global stemflow dataset from 234 peer-reviewed papers, which included 488 observations of St and the related biotic (stand characteristics) and abiotic factors (climate variables) at 283 sites within terrestrial woody plant ecosystems. We explored the global pattern of St and performed a machine learning method (boosted regression trees) to model the effects of biotic and abiotic variables on St.</span></p> <p><span><b>Results: </b>Globally, the median (interquartile range, IQR) St was 2.7 % (1.0 – 6.3 %). We found that St in arid zones (type B in Köppen-Geiger climate classification) was significant higher (<i>P</i> < 0.01) than in other climate types, and we also detected a significant difference (<i>P</i> < 0.01) in St between trees (median: 2.4 %; IQR: 1.0 – 5.3 %) and shrubs (median: 7.2 %; IQR: 5.2 – 11.9 %). Predictor variables that substantially accounted for the explained deviance of the final model included vegetation height (27.0 %), mean annual precipitation (16.1 %), mean annual temperature (14.4 %), stand density (10.8 %), stand age (8.9 %), and bark type (5.5 %). In contrast, leaf area index, diameter at breast height, basal area, phenology type, life form, and leaf type were classified as low importance.</span></p> <p><span><b>Main conclusions: </b>Our synthesis provides a cross-site comparison of St, and gives a holistic view on how climate variables and stand characteristics contribute to and affect global stemflow production.</span></p>
Data from: Spatial variation in the biotic and abiotic filters of oyster recruitment: Implications for restoration
<p>Attempts to restore marine ecosystems are increasing, but the success of projects remains variable. For marine invertebrates, the establishment of self-sustaining populations requires a larval supply as well as conditions that permit recruitment.</p> <p>Abiotic and biotic conditions that determine recruitment can vary across environmental gradients and have opposing or reinforcing effects. We assessed how predation and tidal inundation influence recruitment of the reef-forming oyster, Saccostrea glomerata, at 15 sites, 5 estuaries and 8 degrees of latitude in eastern Australia.</p> <p>Oysters recruited to all 15 sites, but their density displayed spatially variable effects of tidal inundation and caging. Effects of tidal inundation and caging were weakest at the two lower-latitude estuaries where recruitment was low overall, average temperature and turbidity were high and dissolved oxygen low.</p> <p>At higher-latitude estuaries, where abiotic conditions were more favourable for recruitment, recruit density displayed tidal elevation gradients that were dependent on caging and time. Initially, recruit density decreased with tidal inundation (and exposure to finfish predators), in the uncaged but not the caged treatment. However, over time the elevation gradient disappeared, and recruitment and survival of oysters was greater in caged than uncaged treatments irrespective of elevation.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: Our results suggest that both abiotic (i.e. temperature, turbidity and dissolved oxygen) and biotic (i.e. predation) factors can negatively influence oyster recruitment and, hence, restoration success. Consequently, oyster reef restoration projects should be planned to prioritise sites with low turbidity, high dissolved oxygen and low predation unless these stressors can be mitigated. Restoration projects that are designed with knowledge of local stressors are more likely to be successful.</p>
Disentangling biotic and abiotic drivers of intraspecific trait variation in woody plant seedlings at forest edges
<p>In fragmented forests, edge effects can drive intraspecific variation in seedling performance that influences forest regeneration and plant composition. However, few studies have attempted to disentangle the relative biotic and abiotic drivers of intraspecific variation in seedling performance. In this study, we carried out a seedling transplant experiment with a factorial experimental design on three land-bridge islands in the Thousand Island Lake, China, using four common native woody plant species. At different distances from the forest edge (2, 8, 32, 128 m), we transplanted four seedlings of each species into each of three cages: full-cage, for herbivore-exclusion; half-cage, that allowed herbivore access but controlled for caging artefacts; and no-cage control. In the 576 cages, we recorded branch architecture, leaf traits and seedling survival for each seedling before and after the experimental treatment. Overall, after one full growing season, edge-induced abiotic drivers and varied herbivory pressure led to intraspecific variation in seedling performance, including trade-offs in seedling architecture and resource-use strategies. However, responses varied across species with different life-history strategies and depended on the driver in question, such that the abiotic and biotic effects were additive across species, rather than interactive. Edge-induced abiotic variation modified seedling architecture of a shade-tolerant species, leading to more vertical rather than lateral growth at edges. Meanwhile, increased herbivory pressure resulted in a shift toward lower dry matter investment in leaves of a light-demanding species. Our results suggest that edge effects can drive rapid directional shifts in the performance and intraspecific traits of some woody plants from early ontogenetic stages, but most species in this study showed negligible phenotypic responses to edge effects. Moreover, species-specific responses suggest the importance of interspecific differences modulating the degree of trait plasticity, implying the need to incorporate individual-level responses when understanding the impact of forest fragmentation on plant communities.</p>
Megafruit and megafauna diversity are positively associated, while megafruit traits are related to abiotic factors, in Tropical Asia
<p class="Body"><b>Aim</b></p> <p class="Body">For tens of millions of years, herbivorous megafauna were abundant across the globe, fulfilling important ecological roles including seed dispersal. Megafruits are very large fruits that are dispersed most effectively by megafauna. However, megafruits also occur in ecosystems where megafauna are extinct or were never present, emphasizing our incomplete understanding of megafauna-megafruit relationships. Here we use the complex biogeography of tropical Asia to investigate how megafruit diversity and traits are associated with the diversity of megafauna, smaller animals, and abiotic factors.</p> <p class="Body"><b>Location</b></p> <p class="Body">Tropical Asia, from the Indian subcontinent in the west to tropical China in the north to the Maluku archipelago (Indonesia) in the east.</p> <p class="Body"><b>Time period</b></p> <p class="Body">Late Pleistocene to the present day.</p> <p class="Body"><b>Major taxa studied</b></p> <p class="Body">Megafauna (body weight >500 kg) that consume fruits, including stegodons, elephants, rhinoceroses, giant tapirs, and large bovids. Fleshy-fruited plant species across the region with a fruit width >40 mm (i.e., megafruits).</p> <p class="Body"><b>Methods</b></p> <p class="Body">We compiled a list of all megafruits along with selected plant, fruit, and seed traits in 16 subregions across tropical Asia. We explored biogeographic patterns in megafruit diversity and traits in relation to the diversities of past and present megafauna, large- and medium-sized animals and abiotic factors (mean temperature, mean precipitation, precipitation seasonality, insularity).</p> <p class="Body"><b>Results</b></p> <p class="Body">We identified 496 megafruits in tropical Asia. Megafruit diversity was highest in subregions with high megafaunal diversity, particularly extant species. Megafruit traits were influenced most strongly by abiotic factors (mainly temperature and land area), and weakly by megafauna and smaller dispersers.</p> <p class="Body"><b>Main conclusions</b></p> <p class="Body">Our results are consistent with megafauna maintaining or responding to megafruit diversity, but variation in megafruit traits is primarily associated with abiotic factors. Given the massive megafaunal losses in tropical Asia since the Late Pleistocene, it is important to identify fruit traits that can increase megafauna-dependence and thus vulnerability to these losses.</p>
Global analysis of floral longevity reveals latitudinal gradients and biotic and abiotic correlates
<p><span>The length of time a flower remains open and functional – floral longevity – governs important reproductive processes influencing pollination and mating and varies considerably among angiosperm species. However, little is known about large-scale biogeographic patterns and the correlates of floral longevity. </span></p> <p><span>Using published data on floral longevity from 818 angiosperm species in 134 families and 472 locations worldwide, we present the first global quantification of the latitudinal pattern of floral longevity and the relationships between floral longevity and a range of biotic and abiotic factors. </span><span>Floral longevity exhibited a significant phylogenetic signal,</span><span> and</span><span> was longer at higher latitudes in both northern and southern hemispheres, even after accounting for elevation. This latitudinal variation was associated with several biotic and abiotic variables. The mean temperature of the flowering season had the highest predictive power for floral longevity, followed by pollen number per flower. Surprisingly, compatibility status, flower size, pollination mode, and growth form had no significant effects on flower longevity.</span></p> <p><span>Our results suggest that physiological processes associated with floral maintenance play a key role in explaining latitudinal variation in floral longevity across global ecosystems, with potential implications for floral longevity under global climate change and species distributions.</span></p>
Image Repository for Excessive leaf oil modulates the plant abiotic stress response via reduced stomatal aperture in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)
<p>This repository contains raw image data from <em>Nicotiana tabacum</em>, associated with a publication related to wild-type and high lipid producing (HLP) tobacco varieties. Sample preparation methods and associated analysis can be found in the associated publication. For information and details, find more on the project Github: https://github.com/danforthcenter/tobacco-heat-paper.</p> <p><strong>Contact information: </strong></p> <p>Katherine M. Murphy, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, kmurphy@danforthcenter.org</p>
Dataset on abiotic conditions, diversity of different taxa and connectivity indices for a floodplain case study in Austria
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Data from: A modelling framework to assess the effect of pressures on river abiotic habitat conditions and biota
River biota are affected by global reach-scale pressures, but most approaches for predicting biota of rivers focus on river reach or segment scale processes and habitats. Moreover, these approaches do not consider long-term morphological changes that affect habitat conditions. In this study, a modelling framework was further developed and tested to assess the effect of pressures at different spatial scales on reach-scale habitat conditions and biota. Ecohydrological and 1D hydrodynamic models were used to predict discharge and water quality at the catchment scale and the resulting water level at the downstream end of a study reach. Long-term reach morphology was modelled using empirical regime equations, meander migration and 2D morphodynamic models. The respective flow and substrate conditions in the study reach were predicted using a 2D hydrodynamic model, and the suitability of these habitats was assessed with novel habitat models. In addition, dispersal models for fish and macroinvertebrates were developed to assess the re-colonization potential and to finally compare habitat suitability and the availability / ability of species to colonize these habitats. Applicability was tested and model performance was assessed by comparing observed and predicted conditions in the lowland Treene River in northern Germany. Technically, it was possible to link the different models, but future applications would benefit from the development of open source software for all modelling steps to enable fully automated model runs. Future research needs concern the physical modelling of long-term morphodynamics, feedback of biota (e.g., macrophytes) on abiotic habitat conditions, species interactions, and empirical data on the hydraulic habitat suitability and dispersal abilities of macroinvertebrates. The modelling framework is flexible and allows for including additional models and investigating different research and management questions, e.g., in climate impact research as well as river restoration and management.
Data from: Characterization of the abiotic drivers of abundance of nearshore Arctic fishes
<p><span>Fish are critical ecologically and socioeconomically for subsistence economies in the Arctic, an ecosystem undergoing unprecedented environmental change. Our understanding of the responses of nearshore Arctic fishes to environmental change is inadequate because of limited research on the physicochemical drivers of abundance occurring at a fine scale. Here, high-frequency <i>in-situ </i>measurements of pH, temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen were paired with daily fish catches in nearshore Alaskan waters of the Beaufort Sea. </span><span>This dataset includes hourly measurements of pH, temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen, which were collected and calibrated according to best practices in chemical oceanography, and daily catch-per-unit-effort data for 18 nearshore Arctic fish species paired with daily averaged oceanographic data.</span></p>
Spatio-temporal dynamics of abiotic and biotic properties explain biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships
<p>There is increasing evidence that spatial and temporal dynamics of biodiversity and ecosystem functions play an essential role in biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships. Despite the known importance of soil processes for forest ecosystems, belowground functions in response to tree diversity and spatio-temporal dynamics of ecological processes and conditions remain poorly described. We propose a novel conceptual framework integrating spatio-temporal dynamics in BEF relationships and hypothesized a positive tree species richness effect on soil ecosystem functions through the spatial and temporal stability of biotic and abiotic soil properties based on species complementarity and asynchrony. We tested this framework within a long-term tree diversity experiment in Central Germany by assessing soil ecosystem functions (soil microbial properties and litter decomposition) and abiotic variables (soil moisture and surface temperature) for two consecutive years in high spatial and temporal resolution. Tree species richness and identity had significant effects on soil properties (e.g., soil microbial biomass). Structural equation modeling revealed that overall soil microbial biomass was partly explained by (a) enhanced temporal stability of soil surface temperature and (b) decreased spatial stability of soil microbial biomass. Overall, spatial stability of soil microbial properties was positively correlated with their temporal stability. These results suggest that spatio-temporal dynamics are indeed crucial determinants in BEF relationships and highlight the importance of vegetation-induced microclimatic conditions for stable provisioning of soil ecosystem functions and services.</p>
Figure 1 in The effects of abiotic and biotic factors on web-decorating behaviour of an orb-weaving spider, Cyclosa octotuberculata Karsch (Araneae: Araneidae)
Figure 1. Cyclosa octotuberculata and its web decorations. (A) Close-up of female sitting at hub and facing down. (B) Spider on a web without decorations. (C) Spider at hub with a linear plant-detritus (arrows) decoration. (D) Spider at hub with a linear prey-remain (arrow) decoration. (E) Spider with a linear silk decoration. (F) Spider with a linear decoration consisting of moult (arrow), plant detritus and prey remains. (G) Spider at hub with a linear egg-sac (arrow) decoration. (H) Spider on its prey-remain-decorated web without spirals. The scale bars are 10 mm.
Abiotic factors influence species co‐occurrence patterns of lake fishes
<p>This dataset contains the identity of the lakes used for the analyses performed in the paper: Cordero, R., & Jackson, D. (2021). Abiotic factors influence species co‐occurrence patterns of lake fishes. <i>Journal of Animal Ecology</i>. doi:10.1111/1365-2656.13587".</p> <p>This study analyzed the effect of habitat size (i.e., lake area and depth) on the pattern of co-occurrence of multiple fish species in lakes from two different regions, western and central, in Ontario, Canada.</p> <p>The main results of this study were that area and depth showed a significant influence across all the species co-occurrence patterns, in both regions. However, when analyzing groups of species involved in biotic interactions like predator-prey or species sharing similar habitat requirements, we found significant results only for lake area in the central region, which suggests a context-dependency on factors linked with region.</p> <p>Our results demonstrate the effect of environmental variables on species co-occurrence patterns, but the divergent results obtained between geographic regions suggest that such patterns are context-dependent. This study emphasizes the importance of considering abiotic factors in null models of species co-occurrence to obtain reliable and detailed information about the association patterns between species.</p>
Rapid evolutionary tradeoffs between resistance to herbivory and tolerance to abiotic stress in an invasive plant
<p>The datatset was collected from field survey, common garden experiments and lab experiments. All data analyses were performed in R 4.1.3 (R Development Core Team 2021) and SPSS 20.0 (IBM SPSS, Somers, NY, USA). The effects of re-association history (infested vs. uninfested; 0-, 9-, 13-, 17-year-reassociation) on insect bioassays (i.e., development time, weight, pepsin and trypsin enzyme activity of <em>O. communa</em>), plant assays including biomass ratio, MDA change rate and antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS), and leaf chemical assays (concentrations of tannin, lignin, CGA, two individual flavonol derivates, nitrogen and carbon) were estimated using general linear mixed models (LMMs) in R, with reassociation history as a fixed factor and population (nested within reassociation history) as a random factor. For all these data, we also separately assessed correlations with the duration of re-association with the specialist natural enemy (the number of re-association years, i.e., 0, 9, 13, 17) at the individual level using Spearman correlation assays in SPSS 20.0. To analyze the correlation between insect traits (i.e., development time, weight, pepsin and trypsin enzyme activity of <em>O. communa</em>) and leaf defensive chemicals (i.e., tannin and lignin), we calculated the mean value of each index at the population level for each of the four re-association durations and used Pearson correlation assays in SPSS 20.0. The same procedure was followed for analyzing the correlation between drought stress tolerance and concentrations of leaf antioxidant chemicals. In addition, for the widely targeted metabolic data, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using R to visualize the sample distributions.</p>
Data from: Influence of abiotic and biotic factors on benthic marine community composition, structure and stability: a multidisciplinary approach to molluscan assemblages from the Miocene of northern Germany
<p><span>The Miocene mica-clay deposits of Groß Pampau (northern Germany) are well known for their diverse assemblages of marine mammals, particularly whales. Despite numerous systematic and biostratigraphic studies, an in-depth palaeoecological analysis of its diverse molluscan assemblages and a comprehensive palaeoenvironmental reconstruction are lacking. Here, we integrated new faunal, sedimentological, and geochemical data to reconstruct the marine palaeo-ecosystem of the late Miocene sedimentary succession of Groß Pampau, and to identify the drivers controlling the composition, ecological structure and temporal dynamics of its macrobenthic molluscan assemblages. Fossil evidence, coupled with analyses of clay mineral composition, grain size distribution, and geochemical data (total organic carbon, total nitrogen, δ<sup>13</sup>C, δ<sup>18</sup>O, δ<sup>15</sup>N of sediment and shells), suggest a warm-temperate, mesotrophic, low-energy, offshore marine setting mostly below storm wave base and a pronounced surface-to-bottom water temperature gradient. Low variability in sedimentological and geochemical signals indicates generally stable physico-chemical conditions, whereas occurrences of opportunistic species (<em>Varicorbula</em> <em>gibba</em>) point at </span><span>occasionally less favourable bottom conditions, possibly related to transient hypoxia</span><span>. Canonical correspondence analysis reveals that the distribution of molluscan assemblages correlates with total organic carbon and nitrogen content, suggesting organic matter availability at the seafloor as a controlling factor. A pattern of repetitive punctuated stasis of molluscan assemblages is defined by the temporal persistence in taxonomic and ecological composition, occasionally interrupted by shifts to a different faunal configuration. We suggest that both stable environmental conditions and biotic interactions, i.e. the top-down control exerted by carnivorous gastropods and environmental modification by ubiquitous burrowing deposit feeders, probably contributed to the observed temporal stability. Whereas comparison with Miocene molluscan assemblages of Gram, Denmark, revealed differences in the presence and relative abundance of genera, functional congruence indicates that offshore benthic ecosystems of the southern North Sea Basin functioned similarly.</span></p>
Functional traits of both specific alien species and receptive community but not community diversity determined the invasion success under biotic and abiotic conditions
<p><span>Biodiversity can provide some resistance to alien species in some cases, but not in others. The observed paradoxical results may be related to several reasons, including variations in abiotic and/or biotic conditions, alien species characteristics, and the fact that the species number cannot adequately reflect native community diversity. A comprehensive study that incorporates these elements is lacking.</span></p> <p><span>We constructed invasion systems using nine alien plant species and 12 native communities, composed of two diversity levels (three vs. six species), under different nitrogen (N) and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) </span><span>inoculation</span><span> conditions. We used this fully crossed factorial experiment, i.e. N</span><span> (low vs. high) × native community diversity (three vs. six species) × AMF (with vs. without), to systematically explore the invasion success in native communities. </span></p> <p><span>We found that the species number of </span><span>native communities</span><span> didn't affect </span><span>invasion success under any of the N or AMF conditions. The effects of N enrichment and AMF inoculation on invasion were not consistent between alien species and native communities based on their phenotypic plasticity of functional traits in response to N enrichment and AMF inoculation. Specifically, the changing of invasion in response to N enrichment and AMF inoculation was associated with the plasticity of plant height and </span><span>root mass fraction</span><span> (RMF) that reflects the competitiveness for the acquisition of light and soil resources.</span></p> <p><span>Our results that species number did not capture well the resistance of the native community suggested that the </span><span>simple expression of species richness is not realistic to describe the invasion resistance of the community. Additionally, the association between functional traits of both alien species and native communities and </span><span>invasion success suggested that changes in competitive advantage and resource acquisition strategy are more important in explaining changes in invasive success in different N and AMF conditions.</span></p> <p><span>Future studies are needed to explore invasion success by systematically considering the characteristics of invasive species and the native community, and the specific abiotic and biotic conditions. Using functional traits may help advance our understanding of plant invasion in broad circumstances and shed light on a generalized framework of biological invasion.</span></p>
Interactions Between Diet, Microbiome and Abiotic Conditions in the Gut
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04804319. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Spatio-temporal variation of biotic and abiotic stress agents determines seedling survival in assisted oak regeneration
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Data from: Influence of abiotic and biotic factors on benthic marine community composition, structure and stability: a multidisciplinary approach to molluscan assemblages from the Miocene of northern Germany
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Data from: Persistence at the final stage of volcanic island ontogeny: abiotic predictors explain native plant species richness on 111 remote Pacific atolls
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Data from: Comparison of the abiotic preferences of macroinvertebrates in tropical river basins
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Allen Brain Atlas
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