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Fig. 4 in The Olenekian-Anisian/Early-Middle Triassic Boundary, And Assessment Of The Potential Of Conodonts For Chronostratigraphic Calibration Of The Triassic Timescale

Fig. 4 - Paleogeographic distribution of the conodont Chiosella timorensis around the Olenekian-Anisian/Early-Middle Triassic boundary (based on Map 48 from Scotese, 2014): Numbers of figured occurrences are those from Fig. 3. A – Tethys occurrences; B – Panthalassa occurrences; C – Arctic occurrences, uncertain; D and E – primary location of allochthonous occurrences in Japanese Islands and Far East Russia, and their tectonic transport pathways. 1 - Chios, Greece; 2 - Perşani Mountains; 3 - Capelluzzo, Southern Apennines; 4 - Sosio Valley, Sicilia; 5 - Kçira, Albania; 6 - Deşli Caira, Romania; 7 - Gebze, Turkey; 8 - Wadi Alwa, Oman; 9 - Salt Range, Pakistan; 10 - Dolpo, Nepal; 11- Spiti, India; 12 - Kashmir, India; 13 - Southeastern Pamirs, Tajikistan; 14 – Tulong and Dibucuo, Tibet; 15 - South China, Guandao, Ganheqiao, Qingyan; 16 -South China, Wantou and Youping; 17 - Kodiang, Malaysia; 18 - Western Thailand; 19 - Kamura and Taho-attol carbonates; 20 - Honshu Island-pelagic chert; 21 - Koryak Upland; 22 - Zyryanka, Kolyma river; 23 - Dalnegorsk, Sikhote-Alin; 24 - Chernaya River, South Primorye; 25 - Mount Lilu, Timor-Leste; 26 - Nifukoko, West Timor; 27 - Western Australia, Carnarvon, Perth & Canning basins; 28 - Northwestern Nevada; 29 - Great Valley, California; 30 - Sheep Creek, Idaho; 31 - Ursula Creek and Subsurface British Columbia; 32 - Quesnellia; 33 - Stikinia; 34 - Brooks Range, Alaska; 35 - Svalbard.

Fig. 3 in The Olenekian-Anisian/Early-Middle Triassic Boundary, And Assessment Of The Potential Of Conodonts For Chronostratigraphic Calibration Of The Triassic Timescale

Fig. 3 - Present-day geographic distribution of the conodont Chiosella timorensis occurrences and basic references. A – Tethys-originating occurrences (1-18, 25-27); B – Panthalassa-originating occurrences (19-24, 28-33; C – Arctic occurrences, uncertain (34-35). Europe: 1 - Chios, Greece (Nicora, 1977; Assereto et al., 1980); 2 - Perşani Mountains, Romania (Mirăuţă & Gheorghian, 1978); 3 - Capelluzzo, Southern Apennines, Italy (Mietto et al., 1991); 4 - Sosio Valley, Sicilia, Italy (Kozur et al.,1995); 5 - Kçira, Albania (Muttoni et al., 1996, 2019); 6 - Deşli Caira, Romania (Grădinaru et al., 2007; Orchard et al., 2007a); Southwest Asia: 7 - Gebze, Turkey (Kiliç, 2021); 8 - Wadi Alwa, Oman (Orchard, 1994a); Himalayas: 9 - Salt Range, Pakistan (Sweet 1970a, 1973); 10 - Dolpo, west Nepal (Kovács & Kozur, 1980); 11 - Spiti, India (Krystyn et al., 2007; Sue et al., 2021); Garzanti et al., 1995); 12 - Kashmir, India (Chhabra, 1981; Matsuda, 1983); Central Asia: 13 - Southeastern Pamirs, Tajikistan (Bragin et al., 2016); Eastern Asia: 14 – Tulong and Dibucuo, Tibet (Tian 1982; Chen A-F et al., 2021; Wu G C. et al., 2007); 15 - South China, Guandao (Orchard et al., 2007b), Ganheqiao and Qingyan (Yao et al., 2011); 16 - South China, Wantou and Youping (Chen Y et al., 2020); Southeast Asia: 17 - Kodiang, Malaysia (Koike, 1973, 1982); 18 - Western Thailand (Kemper et al., 1976); Japanese Islands: 19 - Kamura and Taho attol carbonates, Kyushu Island and Shikoku Island (Hirsch & Ishida, 2002; Zhang L et al., 2019a; Ha et al., 2021); 20 - Honshu Island-pelagic chert (Muto et al., 2018; Muto, 2021); Far East Russia: 21 - Koryak Upland (Bragin, 1991); 22 - Zyryanka, Kolyma river; Klets (1998); 23 – Dalnegorsk, Sikhote-Alin (Buryi, 1989, 1997; Klets, 1995); 24 - Chernaya River, South Primorye (Buryi, 1979); Timor-Leste: 25 - Mount Lilu (Nogami, 1968); West Timor: 26 - Nifukoko (Orchard, 1994a); Western Australia: 27 - Carnarvon, Perth & Canning basins (McTavish, 1973; Nicoll et al., 2007; Gorter et al., 2019); Western United States: 28 - Northwestern Nevada (Collinson & Hasenmueller, 1978; Orchard, 1994a; Paull & Paull, 1998; Goudemand et al., 2012); 29 - Great Valley, California (Wardlaw & Jones, 1980); 30 - Sheep Creek, Idaho (Paull, 1988); Western Canada: 31 - Ursula Creek, British Columbia (Orchard & Tozer, 1997a); Subsurface British Columbia (Golding, 2014, 2021b); 32 - Quesnellia (Orchard & Tozer, 1997a); 33 - Stikinia (Orchard & Tozer, 1997a); Arctic North America: 34 - Brooks Range, Alaska (Wardlaw & Jones, 1980). Arctic Europe: 35 - Svalbard (Nakrem et al., 2008).

Fig. 2 in The Olenekian-Anisian/Early-Middle Triassic Boundary, And Assessment Of The Potential Of Conodonts For Chronostratigraphic Calibration Of The Triassic Timescale

Fig. 2 - Suggested Olenekian-Anisian/Early-Middle Triassic chronostratigraphy and the presumed OAB, marked in blue, are added to the Chinese Wantou section (Chen Y et al., 2020, fig. 3), based on the re-interpretation of conodont events.

Fig. 5 in The Olenekian-Anisian/Early-Middle Triassic Boundary, And Assessment Of The Potential Of Conodonts For Chronostratigraphic Calibration Of The Triassic Timescale

Fig. 5 - Chronostratigraphic calibration and the Spathian-Aegean/Olenekian-Anisian/Early-Middle Triassic boundary in the Deşli Caira section, Romania. Conodont biochronology - (A) after Orchard et al. (2007a), and (B) after Golding (2021). The boundary is constrained by the ammonoid biochronology – (C) after Grădinaru, in Grădinaru & Gaetani (2019). Legend: 1 - thick-bedded limestone; 2 - ammonoid occurrence.

Fig. 4 in The Olenekian-Anisian/Early-Middle Triassic Boundary, And Assessment Of The Potential Of Conodonts For Chronostratigraphic Calibration Of The Triassic Timescale

Fig. 4 - Paleogeographic distribution of the conodont Chiosella timorensis around the Olenekian-Anisian/ Numbers of figured occurrences are those from Fig. 3. A – Tethys occurrences; B – Panthalassa occurrences; C – Arctic occurrences, uncertain; D and E – primary East Russia, and their tectonic transport pathways. 1 - Chios, Greece; 2 - Perşani Mountains; 3 - Capelluzzo, Southern Apennines; 4 - Sosio Valley, Sicilia; 5 - Alwa, Oman; 9 - Salt Range, Pakistan; 10 - Dolpo, Nepal; 11- Spiti, India; 12 - Kashmir, India; 13 - Southeastern China, Guandao, Ganheqiao, Qingyan; 16 -South China, Wantou and Youping; 17 - Kodiang, Malaysia; 18 shu Island-pelagic chert; 21 - Koryak Upland; 22 - Zyryanka, Kolyma river; 23 - Dalnegorsk, Sikhote-Alin 26 - Nifukoko, West Timor; 27 - Western Australia, Carnarvon, Perth & Canning basins; 28 - Northwestern Ursula Creek and Subsurface British Columbia; 32 - Quesnellia; 33 - Stikinia; 34 - Brooks Range, Alaska;

Fig. 1 in The Olenekian-Anisian/Early-Middle Triassic Boundary, And Assessment Of The Potential Of Conodonts For Chronostratigraphic Calibration Of The Triassic Timescale

Fig. 1 - Revised Lower-Middle Triassic chronostratigraphy in the Albanian Kçira-A section, marked ord. 1 – ammonoid record in fig. 5 of Muttoni et al. (2019); 2 – conodont record in fig. 4 of Muttoni et fig. 8 of Muttoni et al. (2019). Line A - The Olenekian-Anisian/Early-Middle Triassic boundary in Muttoni et al. (2019), based on proxy for the nominated boundary; Line B - the herein assumed base of the Aegean Substage (AEG), Procarnites kokeni (Arthaber, 1908), with the FO of Ch. timorensis positioned well below the Line B; indicated by Germani et al. (1997); Line D - Bithynian-Pelsonian boundary, as indicated by Germani

Figure 17 in Aras Valley (northwest Iran): high-resolution stratigraphy of a continuous central Tethyan Permian-Triassic boundary section

Figure 17. Selected representatives of nautiloids from the Aras Valley section. (a) Domatoceras parallelum (Abich, 1878), specimen MB.C.29346 from the lower Julfa Formation. (b) Pleuronautilus sp., specimen MB.C.29347 from the lower Julfa Formation. (c) Tainoceras (?) sp., specimen MB.C.29348 from the upper Julfa Formation. (d) Pleuronautilus sp., specimen MB.C.29349 from the Zal Member. (e) Liroceras sp., specimen MB.C.29350 from the lower Julfa Formation. (f) Permoceras abichi (Kruglov, 1928), specimen MB.C.29351 from the lower Julfa Formation. (g) Liroceras sp., specimen MB.C.29352 from the lower Julfa Formation.

Figure 18 in Aras Valley (northwest Iran): high-resolution stratigraphy of a continuous central Tethyan Permian-Triassic boundary section

Figure 18. Succession carbon isotopes (δ13 C) in the Aras Valley section and correlation with the conodont stratigraphy. Abbreviated carb conodont zones: (1) Clarkina bachmanni, (2) Clarkina abadehensis, (3) Clarkina hauschkei, (4) Merrillina ultima–Stepanovites mostleri.

Figure 15 in Aras Valley (northwest Iran): high-resolution stratigraphy of a continuous central Tethyan Permian-Triassic boundary section

Figure 15. Selected representatives of ammonoids from the Aras Valley section. (a) Prototoceras discoidale Ruzhencev, 1963, specimen MB.C.29343 from the lower Julfa Formation. (b) Vedioceras fusiforme Korn & Ghaderi, 2019, holotype MB.C.29132 from the upper Julfa Formation. (c) Iranites transcaucasius (Shevyrev, 1965), specimen MB.C.29148 from the Zal Member. (d) Pseudotoceras sp., specimen MB.C.29344 from the lower Julfa Formation. (e) Dzhulfoceras sp., specimen MB.C.29345 from the upper Julfa Formation. (f) Dzhulfites nodosus Shevyrev, 1965, specimen MB.C.29182 from the Zal Member at −9.50 m. (g) Araxoceltites cristatus Korn, Ghaderi and Ghanizadeh Tabrizi, 2019, holotype MB.C.22706 from the Zal Member. (h) Phisonites triangulus Shevyrev, 1965, specimen MB.C.22703 from the Zal Member at −12.90 m.

Figure 13 in Aras Valley (northwest Iran): high-resolution stratigraphy of a continuous central Tethyan Permian-Triassic boundary section

Figure 13. Succession of ostracod species in the Paratirolites Limestone, Aras Member, and Claraia Beds of the Aras Valley section .

Figure 7 in Aras Valley (northwest Iran): high-resolution stratigraphy of a continuous central Tethyan Permian-Triassic boundary section

Figure 7. Carbonate microfacies of samples from the Aras Member (a, b) and the Claraia Beds (c–e) of the Aras Valley section. (a) Burrowed mudstone with calcite fan structures; sample AJ202 (+1.65 m). (b) Burrowed mudstone with calcite fans; sample AJ203 (+2.00 m). (c) Gastropod mudstone and wackestone with microgastropods and sponge remains of possible keratose sponges; sample AJ204 (+2.35 m). (d) Laminated mudstone with irregularly shaped sparry calcite crystals; sample AJ210 (+3.80 m). (e) Laminated mudstone with subrounded sparry calcite crystals; sample AJ216 (+4.95 m). Scale bar units = 1 mm.

Figure 10 in Aras Valley (northwest Iran): high-resolution stratigraphy of a continuous central Tethyan Permian-Triassic boundary section

Figure 10. Characteristic conodonts from the Aras Valley section (scale bars equal to 100 µm); all specimens stored in the collection of the Ferdowsi University, Mashhad. (a) Clarkina leveni Kozur et al., 1975, FUM no. AJ122-1, lower Julfa Formation, upper view; (b) Clarkina guangyuanensis Dai and Zhang in (Li et al., 1989), FUM no. AJ131-7, upper Julfa Formation, upper view; (c) Clarkina liangshanensis (Wang, 1978), FUM no. AJ179-8, upper Julfa Formation, upper view; (d) Clarkina transcaucasica (Gullo and Kozur, 1992), FUM no. AJ151-5, upper Julfa Formation, upper view; (e) Clarkina orientalis (Barskov and Koroleva, 1970), FUM no. AJ157-9, upper Julfa Formation, upper view; (f) Clarkina changxingensis (Wang and Wang in Zhao et al., 1981b), FUM no. AJ173-1, Ali Bashi Formation, Zal Member, upper view; (g) Clarkina subcarinata (Sweet in Teichert et al., 1973), FUM no. AJ165-7, Ali Bashi Formation, Zal Member, upper view; (h) Clarkina deflecta (Wang and Wang, 1981a), FUM no. AJ177-14, Ali Bashi Formation, Paratirolites Limestone, upper view; (i) Clarkina bachmanni Kozur, 2004, FUM no. AJ185-23, Ali Bashi Formation, Paratirolites Limestone, upper view; (j) Clarkina nodosa Kozur, 2004, FUM no. AJ190-7, Ali Bashi Formation, Paratirolites Limestone, upper view; (k) Clarkina yini Mei, 1998b, FUM no. AJ192-5, Ali Bashi Formation, Paratirolites Limestone, upper view; (l) Clarkina tulongensis (Tian, 1982), FUM no. AJ198-4, Ali Bashi Formation, Paratirolites Limestone, upper view; (m) Clarkina abadehensis abadehensis Ghaderi, 2014, FUM no. AJ198-13, Ali Bashi Formation, Paratirolites Limestone, upper view; (n) Clarkina abadehensis iranica Ghaderi, 2014, FUM no. AJ198-9, Ali Bashi Formation, Paratirolites Limestone, upper view; (o) Clarkina hauschkei Kozur, 2004, FUM no. AJ200-77, Ali Bashi Formation, Paratirolites Limestone, upper view; (p) Clarkina taylorae (Orchard et al., 1994), FUM no. AJ198-21, Ali Bashi Formation, Paratirolites Limestone, upper view; (q) Clarkina cf. chengyuanensis, FUM no. AJI195-23, Ali Bashi Formation, Paratirolites Limestone, upper view.

Figure 11 in Aras Valley (northwest Iran): high-resolution stratigraphy of a continuous central Tethyan Permian-Triassic boundary section

Figure 11. Characteristic conodonts from the Aras Valley section (scale bars equal to 100 µm); all specimens stored in the collection of the Ferdowsi University, Mashhad. (a) Merrillina ultima Kozur, 2004, Pa element, FUM no. AJ204.13, Elikah Formation, Aras Member, lateral view; (b) Stepanovites sp., Sc element, FUM no. AJ205-1, Elikah Formation, Aras Member, lateral view; (c) Hindeodus typicalis (Sweet, 1970), FUM no. AJ200-27, Ali Bashi Formation, Paratirolites Limestone, lateral view; (d) Hindeodus julfensis (Sweet, in Teichert et al., 1973), FUM no. AJ183-8, Ali Bashi Formation, Paratirolites Limestone, lateral view; (e) Hindeodus julfensis (Sweet, in Teichert et al., 1973), FUM no. AJ183-5, Ali Bashi Formation, Paratirolites Limestone, lateral view; (f) Hindeodus bicuspidatus Kozur, 2004, FUM no. AJ200-32, Ali Bashi Formation, Paratirolites Limestone, lateral view; (g) Hindeodus praeparvus Kozur, 1996, FUM no. AJ201-4, Elikah Formation, Aras Member, lateral view; (h) Hindeodus eurypyge Nicoll et al., 2002, FUM no. AJ208-2, Elikah Formation, Aras Member, lateral view; (i) Hindeodus parvus (Kozur and Pjatakova, 1976), FUM no. AJ206-2, Elikah Formation, Aras Member, lateral view; (j) Hindeodus magnus Kozur, 2004, FUM no. AJ211-15, Elikah Formation, Claraia Beds, lateral view; (k) Hindeodus anterodentatus (Dai et al., 1989), FUM no. AJ208-7, Elikah Formation, Aras Member, lateral view; (l) Isarcicella staeschei Dai & Zhang, 1989, FUM no. AJ216-2, Elikah Formation, Claraia Beds, upper view; (m) Isarcicella isarcica (Huckriede, 1958), FUM no. AJ217-13, Elikah Formation, Claraia Beds, upper view.

Figure 3 in Aras Valley (northwest Iran): high-resolution stratigraphy of a continuous central Tethyan Permian-Triassic boundary section

Figure 3. Columnar section of the late Permian to Early Triassic succession in the Aras Valley section with colour indications and numbers of microfacies and conodont samples.

Figure 2 in Aras Valley (northwest Iran): high-resolution stratigraphy of a continuous central Tethyan Permian-Triassic boundary section

Figure 2. The Permian–Triassic boundary section near the Aras Valley, NW Iran. View towards the north, in the background, beyond the Aras Valley, mountains in Azerbaijan consisting of Triassic rocks.

Figure 12 in Aras Valley (northwest Iran): high-resolution stratigraphy of a continuous central Tethyan Permian-Triassic boundary section

Figure 12. Quantity of ostracod specimens per 500 g of rock material and species richness in the Paratirolites Limestone, the Aras Member, and the Claraia Beds of the Aras Valley section and important ostracod species in the lithological units. Scale bar for figured ostracods = 100 µm. Figured ostracods are as follows. (a) Bairdia kemerensis Crasquin-Soleau, 2004. (b) Bairdiacypris ottomanensis CrasquinSoleau, 2004. (c) Liuzhinia sp. 2. (d) Langdaia sp. (e) Cavellina sp. (f) Microcheilinella sp. (g) Cavellina sp. nov. (h) Kempfina qinglaii (Crasquin), 2008. (i) Fabalicypris sp. nov. (j) Carinaknightina sp. nov. (k) Iranokirkbya brandneri Kozur and Mette, 2006. (l) Fabalicypris obunca Belousova, 1965. (m) Fabalicypris blumenstengeli Crasquin, 2008. (n) Orthobairdia sp. nov. (o) Hungaroleberis sp. nov. (p) gen. nov. sp. nov.

Figure 6 in Aras Valley (northwest Iran): high-resolution stratigraphy of a continuous central Tethyan Permian-Triassic boundary section

Figure 6. Carbonate microfacies of samples from the upper Julfa Formation and the Paratirolites Limestone of the Aras Valley section. (a) Peloidal–foraminiferal packstone; sample AJ144 (−18.00 m). (b) Peloidal–foraminiferal packstone with algae; sample AJ190 (−2.20 m). (c) Microfacies sample from the topmost 4 cm of the Paratirolites Limestone (sample AJ200; = 0.00 to −0.04 m). Lower part: burrowed bioclastic–intraclastic wackestone with ammonoids, bivalves and ostracods, lithoclasts, and micrite clasts. Upper part: sponge packstone with ammonoids, bellerophontids, and ostracods; uppermost 10 mm with a densely packed sponge meshwork of possible keratose sponges. Scale bar units = 1 mm.

Figure 5 in Aras Valley (northwest Iran): high-resolution stratigraphy of a continuous central Tethyan Permian-Triassic boundary section

Figure 5. Carbonate microfacies of samples from the Paratirolites Limestone of the Aras Valley section. (a) Burrowed bioclastic mudstone with ammonoids and micritic intraclasts; sample AJ182 (−3.65 m). (b) Burrowed bioclastic wackestone with ammonoids and echinoderms (E); sample AJ186 (−2.95 m). (c) Burrowed bioclastic–intraclastic mudstone with Fe-encrusted ammonoid; sample AJ188 (−2.70 m). (d) Burrowed bioclastic–intraclastic wackestone with shell debris and echinoderms, micrite clasts, and intense brecciation; sample AJ197 (−0.45 m). Scale bar units = 1 mm.

Figure 9 in Aras Valley (northwest Iran): high-resolution stratigraphy of a continuous central Tethyan Permian-Triassic boundary section

Figure 9. Succession of conodont species and zones in the Aras Valley section. (Wu – Wuchiapingian; Ch – Changhsingian; EH – extinction horizon; P – Permian; Tr – Triassic).

Figure 1 in Aras Valley (northwest Iran): high-resolution stratigraphy of a continuous central Tethyan Permian-Triassic boundary section

Figure 1. (a) Geographic position of Permian–Triassic boundary sections in the Transcaucasus and in NW Iran (after Arakelyan et al., 1965); important sections are highlighted. (b) Detail map showing the position of the Aras Valley section. (c) Palaeogeographic position of the Julfa area during the PTB time interval (after Stampfli and Borel, 2002).