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395 results for “carbon to nitrogen”
Canopy and understory nitrogen additions differently affect soil microbial residual carbon in a temperate forest
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Repeated fire shifts carbon and nitrogen cycling by changing plant inputs and soil decomposition across ecosystems
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Data from: Precipitation and nitrogen enrichment impact carbon exchange and stability: From antagonism to synergy with increasing shrub encroachment
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Data for: Biochar co-compost improves nitrogen retention and reduces carbon emissions in a winter wheat cropping system
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Five Points Plant Isotopic Values for Carbon and Nitrogen
To quantify foraging strategies in the small mammal community of the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, plant samples were collected at green-up (generally March for forbs and July for grasses), and when going to seed (generally May for forbs and October for grasses). Plants were analyzed for C:N ratio, delta15N and delta13C isotopic values and for carbon and nitrogen percent content by mass in both leaf and seed. These isotopic values can be compared to mouse plasma values to determine forage width (Carbon) and forage breadth (Nitrogen). Please see Sevilleta Dataset 313 on small mammal plasma to quantify resource preferences within and between small mammal communities.
Five Points Small Mammal Blood Plasma Isotopic Values for Carbon, Nitrogen and Hydrogen
There has been little comprehensive research undertaken to quantify resource use by small mammal communities in a nutrient limited, highly stochastic ecosystem. The most abundant small mammals in this ecosystem are Heteromyids, food-caching granivores, and Cricetids, omnivores that must utilize on board fat stores as energy reserves. Heteromyid populations co-vary with primary production whereas the cricetids can forage at multiple trophic levels reducing their dependence on primary productivity. Using isotopic values for Carbon, delta13C (a ratio of 13C to 12C), of primary producers consistent within a photosynthetic pathway, C3 = -26.6 +/- 1.8Permille and C4, = -14.4 +/- 0.8Permille we can track mouse dietary assimilation of forage by plant functional type. Nitrogen isotopic values 15N (a ratio of 15N to 14N) fluctuate constantly, reflecting the landscape of primary production. Therefore, tracking nitrogen values in small mammal plasma provides a landscape level tool for studying diet by trophic level and nutritional value.
Repeated freeze-thaw cycles increase extractable, but not total, carbon and nitrogen in a Maine coniferous soil
This dataset contains processed data for the publication Patel et al. 2021. "Repeated freeze-thaw cycles increase extractable, but not total, carbon and nitrogen in a Maine coniferous soil". Geoderma. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115353. Northeastern North America has been experiencing warmer winters with reduced snow accumulation, with more frequent winter freeze-thaw cycles. We conducted a laboratory experiment to investigate how increased frequency of freeze-thaw cycles (FTC) would alter soil C and N availability. Organic (O) and mineral (B) horizon soils were collected from a coniferous forest in Maine, processed to exclude roots, and then frozen in the laboratory (-10 °C) with one (FTC-1), two (FTC-2), or six (FTC-6) thaw periods (+5 °C). Soils were analyzed for extractable ammonium (NH4-N), water extractable organic carbon (WEOC), carbon dioxide flux (respiration), and total C and N. Extractable NH4-N increased following FTC (all levels), for both horizons. While WEOC concentrations did not change for FTC vs. control, the WEOC in O horizons had a lower SUVA254 in FTC soils compared to control, indicating a stronger microbial influence (i.e., microbial cell lysis) in these soils after FTC. Respiration in O horizon soils decreased post-incubation and did not differ between FTC and Control soils. In the B horizon, however, FTC soils showed greater respiration than Control soils, suggesting that the newly available nutrients may have stimulated microbial activity. In contrast to these results, total C and N remained unaltered by FTC, presumably because the FTC disturbances represented mostly a translocation of C and N from one pool into another, and losses due to respiration were too small to significantly influence the large TC and TN pools. The effect of FTC on NH4-N did not change with FTC frequency, suggesting that a single FTC is sufficient to alter both C and N availability and/or quality, and that additional FTC may not have a significant further
Nitrogen and Carbon cycling data in 10 urban afforestation sites in New York City 2018
The data includes soil microbial processes of carbon (C) and N in 10 afforestation sites in New York City as part of the MillionTreesNYC initiative (MTNYC) of the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Long-term research plots were established between 2009-2011 in municipal parks: Alley Pond, Canarsie, Ft. Totten, Clearview, Conference House, Clove Lakes, Marine Park (3 sites), and Pelham Bay. Sites were planted with low (two tree species) and high diversity (six tree species) treatments. More detailed description of sites and MTNYC project is provided by Downey et al. (2021). In 2018, 1 m soil cores were collected from plots at each site and analyzed for microbial biomass C and N, basal respiration, potential net N mineralization and nitrification, denitrification potential, soil inorganic N, and total soil N. Laboratory methods followed those used by Raciti et al. (2011a,b), and Groffman et al. (1999).
Riparian Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling: Influences of Spatial Heterogeneity and Hydrologic Vectors
Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem ecologists study the same phenomena (e.g., nutrient cycling, energy flow, succession) but they do so within separate conceptual frameworks. Terrestrial frameworks address state factors of climate, organisms, parent material, topography, and time to understand ecosystem processes within a location, but less often consider how ecosystems are connected. Aquatic ecologists, especially those studying flowing waters, emphasize the role of water as a means of propagating processes and materials through space and time. Both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems contain hydrologic vectors as well as soils or sediments that record the influences of state factors. This dissertation is an investigation of carbon and nitrogen cycling in the stream-riparian corridor of the San Pedro River, a large desert river, and tests the relative effects of soil characteristics and hydrologic vectors. Riparian zones are well suited to such investigations because they are spatially heterogeneous and subject to material and water inputs from multiple hydrologic vectors. Spatially explicit methods showed that flood vectors homogenized soil characteristics and denitrification along a stream reach with frequent overbank floods, whereas soils of a riparian site that was infrequently inundated by floods were heterogeneous. Legacies of previous floods appeared to determine the spatial locations of denitrification at the latter site. At a plot scale, manipulation of precipitation and flood vectors across a gradient of soil types showed that water functioned as an essential resource during the dry season, resulting in increased emissions of trace gases following simulation of floods. Following inundation of riparian soils by several monsoon floods, however, further addition of water appeared to suppress biogeochemical activity by decreasing oxygen availability. Thus desert riparian ecosystems appear to shift seasonally along a terrestrial-aquatic continuum, functioning si
Plant aboveground biomass carbon and nitrogen: Tree Competition Garden
This experiment was set up adjacent to E055 in the high disturbance, garden area. 1.75 inches of black soil was added to the CCNHA sandy soil to make four 10 feet x 54 feet plots. The soil was rototilled and aluminum flashing was installed to edge the plots and divide them into 48, 5 feet x 9 feet plots. Equal amounts of MgSO4, CaCO3, P2O5 and K2O are added to the plots each year in early May and late June. For a describtion of fertilizer added, see fertilization details. Seeds were planted with 6 replicates of each of the following treatments: 1. Agropyron repens monoculture 2. Schizachyrium scoparium monoculture 3. Pinus strobus monoculture 4. Quercus ellipsoidalis monoculture 5. Agropyron repens + Quercus ellipsoidalis on half 6. Agropyron repens + Pinus strobus on half 7. Schizachyrium scoparium + Quercus ellipsoidalis on half 8. Schizachyrium scoparium + Pinus strobus on half The competition plots were split, with half invaded by seed and half to be invaded by seedling. For treatments 5-8, the right or left sides were chosen at random, to plant the tree seeds. The plots were watered throughout the growing season to keep water from becoming a limiting resource.
Plant aboveground biomass carbon and nitrogen: Legume Competition Garden
This experiment was established on top of subplots 24, 25 and 26 of E055 (1.2m X 1.2m plots). Sheet metal was installed to divide the subplots into 4 equal parts (subplots are 1.2m x 1.2m, sub-subplots are .6m x .6m). The resulting 12 sub-subplots (4/subplot = 12/plot) were planted according to the following treatments: 1. LC seed on top of established SS 2. AC seed on top of established SS 3. no seed added to established SS 4. PP seed on top of established SS 5. AC seed vs SS seed 6. LC seed vs SS seed 7. PP seed vs SS seed 8. LC seed vs AC seed vs PP seed vs SS seed 9. AC seed 10. LC seed 11. Bare ground (no seeds added) 12. PP seed Where LC=Lespedeza capitata, AC=Amorpha canescens, PP=Petalostemum purpureum, and SS=Schizachyrium scoparium. Equal amounts of MgSO4, CaCO3, P2O5 and K2O are added to the plots each year in early May and Late June. For further information, see fertilization details.
Plant aboveground biomass carbon and nitrogen: Multiple Traits of Multiple Plant Species Measured in Monoculture Gardens
These gardens were started in order to establish monocultures of several species of native prairie plants common to Cedar Creek.
Plant aboveground biomass carbon and nitrogen: Biodiversity II: Effects of Plant Biodiversity on Population and Ecosystem Processes
Biodiversity II (E120) is designed to determine how the number of plant species affects the dynamics of ecological processes at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. By experimentally manipulating the number of species and the kinds of species, the amount of plant growth and the change from year to year, that result can be examined. Plots are large (9m x 9m actively maintained) and well-replicated, allowing responses of plant pathogens, insect herbivores, seed predators, soil parameters, invasive plant species and other variables to also be studied. Plots were seeded in May 1994 to have 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 species, with roughly 30 replicates of each diversity level. The species composition of each plot was chosen by random draw from a pool of 18 grassland perennials that included four warm-season (C4) grasses, four cool-season (C3) grasses, four legumes, four non-legume forbs, and two woody species. All species occur in monoculture allowing comparison of responses of each species in monoculture to combinations of these same species. The experiment was established in 1994 by the lead investigators David Tilman, Peter Reich, Johannes Knops, and David Wedin. Experiment 120 is similar to Experiment 123, but it uses larger plots to provide a large capacity for long-term subexperiments.
Litter carbon and nitrogen: The Small Biodiversity Experiment
Biodiversity I (E123), also called the ?small biodiversity experiment,? was designed to determine how the number of species affects the dynamics of ecological processes at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. By experimentally manipulating the number of species and the kinds of species, the amount of plant growth and the change from year to year that result can be examined. Also, the effects of number of species on carbon and nitrogen in the soil and on the ability of other species to invade can be studied. The experiment contains 147 3 x 3m plots that were randomly allocated 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 or 24 plant species. The particular species in a plot were randomly selected from a set of 24 prairie-grassland species which included seven warm-season (C4) grasses, four cool-season (C3) grasses, four legumes, nine non-legume forbs. Each level of number of species has 20 to 24 replicates. In this experiment not all of the species are in monocultures. The study was established in 1994 by lead investigators David Tilman, David Wedin, Peter Reich, and Johannes Knops. Experiment 123 is similar to Experiment 120, but it uses smaller plots and did not categorize by type of plant species prior to randomizing species to plots. This size of plot in Experiment 123 means that the soils are relatively more homogeneous and the desired number of species can be more easily maintained by frequent hand weeding than with larger plots. However, the small size of plots limits sampling and the nesting of other studies within the plots.
Plant aboveground biomass carbon and nitrogen: The Small Biodiversity Experiment
Biodiversity I (E123), also called the ?small biodiversity experiment,? was designed to determine how the number of species affects the dynamics of ecological processes at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. By experimentally manipulating the number of species and the kinds of species, the amount of plant growth and the change from year to year that result can be examined. Also, the effects of number of species on carbon and nitrogen in the soil and on the ability of other species to invade can be studied. The experiment contains 147 3 x 3m plots that were randomly allocated 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 or 24 plant species. The particular species in a plot were randomly selected from a set of 24 prairie-grassland species which included seven warm-season (C4) grasses, four cool-season (C3) grasses, four legumes, nine non-legume forbs. Each level of number of species has 20 to 24 replicates. In this experiment not all of the species are in monocultures. The study was established in 1994 by lead investigators David Tilman, David Wedin, Peter Reich, and Johannes Knops. Experiment 123 is similar to Experiment 120, but it uses smaller plots and did not categorize by type of plant species prior to randomizing species to plots. This size of plot in Experiment 123 means that the soils are relatively more homogeneous and the desired number of species can be more easily maintained by frequent hand weeding than with larger plots. However, the small size of plots limits sampling and the nesting of other studies within the plots.
Root Carbon and Nitrogen: Long-Term Nitrogen Deposition: Population, Community, and Ecosystem Consequences
The purpose of this experiment is to measure how adding nitrogen over a long time will affect the number of species, the type of species present, the amount of annual growth, and the change from year to year in the growth of each species in a plant community which is also relieved of grazing by large and small mammals. The experiment is being conducted within fields (A, B, C, and D) which were initially low in soil nutrients. There are 8 different levels of nitrogen addition with other nutrients added to ensure that nitrogen remains the limiting nutrient, and a control which receives no nutrients. There are 6 replicates of the 9 treatments in fields A, B, and C and 5 replicates in field D. The treatments were randomly assigned to the plots. In fields A, B, and C the plots are in 6 by 9 grids and are 4 by 4 meters in size with 1 meter aisles between plots. In field D the plots are 1.5 by 4 meters and are placed in a 3 by 17 grid. The plots are enclosed by a fence to keep out mammalian herbivores. Gophers are trapped and removed as they appear. Nitrogenfertilizer (NH4NO3) is applied twice per year, once in early May and once in late June. This experiment was begun in 1982 by David Tilman.
Plant aboveground biomass carbon and nitrogen: Long-Term Nitrogen Deposition: Population, Community, and Ecosystem Consequences
The purpose of this experiment is to measure how adding nitrogen over a long time will affect the number of species, the type of species present, the amount of annual growth, and the change from year to year in the growth of each species in a plant community which is also relieved of grazing by large and small mammals. The experiment is being conducted within fields (A, B, C, and D) which were initially low in soil nutrients. There are 8 different levels of nitrogen addition with other nutrients added to ensure that nitrogen remains the limiting nutrient, and a control which receives no nutrients. There are 6 replicates of the 9 treatments in fields A, B, and C and 5 replicates in field D. The treatments were randomly assigned to the plots. In fields A, B, and C the plots are in 6 by 9 grids and are 4 by 4 meters in size with 1 meter aisles between plots. In field D the plots are 1.5 by 4 meters and are placed in a 3 by 17 grid. The plots are enclosed by a fence to keep out mammalian herbivores. Gophers are trapped and removed as they appear. Nitrogenfertilizer (NH4NO3) is applied twice per year, once in early May and once in late June. This experiment was begun in 1982 by David Tilman.
Litter carbon and nitrogen: Long-Term Nitrogen Deposition During Grassland Succession
The purpose of this experiment is to measure how initially disturbing an area and adding nitrogen over a long time will affect the number of species, the type of species present, the amount of annual growth, and the change from year to year in the growth of each species in a plant community which is also relieved of grazing by large and small mammals. This experiment is conducted within fields (A, B, and C) which were initially low in soil nutrients. The ground was disturbed by thoroughly disking the area prior to establishment of the experiment. There are 8 different levels of nitrogen addition with other nutrients added to ensure that nitrogen remains the limiting nutrient, and a control which receives no nutrients. Nitrogen fertilizer (NH4NO3) is applied twice per year, once in early May and once in late June. There are six replicates of each treatment per field. The treatments were randomly assigned to plots of size 4 by 4 meters. The plots are in 6 plot by 9 plot grids with 1 meter aisles between plots. The plot grids are enclosed by a fence to keep out mammalian herbivores. Gophers are trapped and removed as they appear. In the spring of 1992, subexperiments E097 and E098 were established. E097 is in fields A and C where randomly selected plots within each treatment no longer receive fertilizer. E098 is in field B where randomly selected plots within each treatment are burned. Note that the design of E002 is similar to E001 except E002 was thoroughly disked prior to establishment.
Root Carbon and Nitrogen: Long-Term Nitrogen Deposition During Grassland Succession
The purpose of this experiment is to measure how initially disturbing an area and adding nitrogen over a long time will affect the number of species, the type of species present, the amount of annual growth, and the change from year to year in the growth of each species in a plant community which is also relieved of grazing by large and small mammals. This experiment is conducted within fields (A, B, and C) which were initially low in soil nutrients. The ground was disturbed by thoroughly disking the area prior to establishment of the experiment. There are 8 different levels of nitrogen addition with other nutrients added to ensure that nitrogen remains the limiting nutrient, and a control which receives no nutrients. Nitrogen fertilizer (NH4NO3) is applied twice per year, once in early May and once in late June. There are six replicates of each treatment per field. The treatments were randomly assigned to plots of size 4 by 4 meters. The plots are in 6 plot by 9 plot grids with 1 meter aisles between plots. The plot grids are enclosed by a fence to keep out mammalian herbivores. Gophers are trapped and removed as they appear. In the spring of 1992, subexperiments E097 and E098 were established. E097 is in fields A and C where randomly selected plots within each treatment no longer receive fertilizer. E098 is in field B where randomly selected plots within each treatment are burned. Note that the design of E002 is similar to E001 except E002 was thoroughly disked prior to establishment.
Litter carbon and nitrogen: Fire X Nitrogen: Interactive Effects in a Prairie-Like Grassland
This experiment was established on top of E002 in field B. In the spring of 1992, 3 randomly chosen replicates of each nutrient treatment of experiment E002 were chosen to be burned each spring. For a description of these plots, see E002. For a list of treatments, see the treatment layouts in file trmte98.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.