Find research datasets worth reusing

Figures 17-20 in A new species of Lyssomanes Hentz 1845 (Araneae: Salticidae: Lyssomaninae) from the Central Cerrado of Brazil

Figures 17-20. Epigynum of Lyssomanes florenciae, sp. n., female holotype (LECA; A2 B2-3, CE B1-3). 17-18, Ventral (18) and dorsal (19) views of dissected epigynum in alcohol. 19-20, Ventral (19) and dorsal (20) views. Abbreviations: FD, fertilization duct; Fo, fossa; Go, gonopore; ID, insemination duct; Sp, spermatheca.

Figures 21-22 in A new species of Lyssomanes Hentz 1845 (Araneae: Salticidae: Lyssomaninae) from the Central Cerrado of Brazil

Figures 21-22. Habitat of record for Lyssomanes florenciae, sp. n. in the Brazilian Cerrado. 21, Cerrado sensu strictu. 22, Dry forest.

Figures 11-16 in A new species of Lyssomanes Hentz 1845 (Araneae: Salticidae: Lyssomaninae) from the Central Cerrado of Brazil

Figures 11-16. Left chelicera of Lyssomanes florenciae, sp. n., female holotype (LECA; A2 B2-3, CE B1-3). 11-13, Anterior (11), posterior (12), and oblique disto-posterior (13) views of specimen in alcohol, with details of promarginal teeth (PT) and retromarginal teeth (RT). 14-16, Anterior, posterior, and oblique disto-posterior views, with the fang (F) and carina of the paturon (Ca) identified.

Figures 1-10 in A new species of Lyssomanes Hentz 1845 (Araneae: Salticidae: Lyssomaninae) from the Central Cerrado of Brazil

Figures 1-10. Lyssomanes florenciae, sp. n., female holotype (LECA; A2 B2-3, CE B1-3). 1-3, Habitus of specimen in alcohol, dorsal (1), ventral (2) and lateral (3) views. 4-6, Habitus, dorsal (4), ventral (5) and lateral (6) views. 7-10, Prosoma of specimen in alcohol, dorsal (7), anterior (8), lateral (9) and ventral (10) views.

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

Code&Data_'Choosing fit-for-purpose biodiversity impact indicators for agriculture in the Brazilian Cerrado ecoregion'

File "R_Scripts_biodiversity_indicators.zip" includes codes for calculating the biodiversity impact on the terrestrial vertebrates of the Cerrado biome using the countryside Species Area Relationship (cSAR), the Species Threat Abatement and Restoration (STAR) metric and the Species Habitat Index (SHI). File "results_biodiversity_indicators.zip" includes the result tables of the calculations done with the above mentioned codes.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2018View details →

Fig. 1 in Flora arbórea do Cerrado de Mato Grosso do Sul

Fig. 1. Destaque em cinza para o estado de Mato Grosso do Sul e as áreas amostradas de Cerrado.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Figure 1 in Relations between soil attributes and the abundance of Bacillus thurigiensis in the Cerrado of Maranhão state, Brazil

Figure 1. Soil sampling areas in the Cerrado, Maranhão state, Brazil.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

Fig. 2 in Influence of rainfall regime in the Cerrado biome on the maintenance of traps built by Myrmeleon brasiliensis (Navás) (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) larvae and the morphology of adults

Fig. 2. Displacement of Myrmeleon brasiliensis (Návas, 1914) larvae after rain simulation.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Eutrophication Risk Index (ERI) for the Cerrado and Caatinga: Modeling Scenarios for 2030 and 2040

To assist in mapping Water Pollution Risk (WPR), we developed the Eutrophication Risk Index (ERI). This index is designed to assess and predict the vulnerability of water bodies to eutrophication, a process driven by excessive nutrient accumulation—particularly nitrogen and phosphorus—resulting in uncontrolled algal growth. The ERI helps identify at-risk areas and supports the development of more effective mitigation strategies aimed at preserving water quality and sustaining aquatic ecosystems. The proposed Eutrophication Risk Index (ERI) specifically accounts for human pressures on aquatic ecosystems. The ERI is determined by the phosphorus contribution to aquatic environments, derived from urban effluents and the excess nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen) applied to the soil, measured in tons per hectare per year (Ton ha⁻¹ year⁻¹). To calculate the ERI for the Cerrado and Caatinga, we employed an equation with two main components: one concerning nutrient loss from agricultural systems and the other related to nutrient loss in wastewater. Nutrient Loss in Agricultural Areas: Nutrient loss from agricultural areas was estimated using a spatially explicit soil nutrient balance model, incorporating secondary data sources and land use and land cover maps of the study area. For this analysis, we assumed that the nutrient balance in the soil is the difference between total inputs (IN) and total outputs (OUT), where IN includes chemical and organic fertilizers and OUT represents agricultural products. A positive nutrient balance, or surplus, indicates potential nutrient loss that could impact adjacent ecosystems. In our calculations, we also considered phosphorus saturation levels as a risk factor for phosphorus loss, alongside soil types. Nutrient Loss in Wastewater: Nutrient loss in wastewater was based on data from the National Water and Sanitation Agency. This method considers the nutrient content in untreated wastewater and in effluents from wastewater treatment plants. We assumed a constant treatment efficiency of 30%, although this value may be optimistic given the primary effluent treatment processes in Brazil. For future assessments, local data on sewage treatment plants could be incorporated into the calculations if available during the project's execution. This dataset includes empirical data and model simulations developed under the NEXUS project (<a href="https://nexus.ccst.inpe.br/" target="_new">https://nexus.ccst.inpe.br/</a>), which analyzed the interrelationship and challenges of agricultural production, energy, and water resource use in the Caatinga and Cerrado regions. Conducted between 2018 and 2024, the NEXUS project employed a participatory multiscale approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods from natural and social sciences. Over its six-year duration, the project engaged more than one hundred stakeholders from various sectors, producing diagnostics and scenarios for sustainable futures in these biomes. Scenarios Descriptions: The “Green Transition” scenario aligns with the dominant sustainability narrative in the business sector, focusing on efficiency gains and technological solutions (e.g., low-carbon agriculture, energy transition led by large corporations) to address environmental challenges. This scenario envisions agricultural production concentrated in highly productive areas, facilitating the restoration of natural vegetation and fostering an increasingly urban future. Conversely, the “Lives in Balance” scenario reflects the aspirations and struggles of social movements and traditional communities for recognition and the coexistence of diverse ways of life. It advocates transforming production systems, particularly through decentralized food and energy production, and emphasizes strengthening family farming and agroecological systems.   Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the NEXUS Project, funded by the São Paulo Research Foundation – FAPESP (grants 2022/00917-0 and 2017/22269-2), and the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for their support to Marcela Miranda through the National Postdoctoral Program (grants 88882.317530/2019-1 and 1732909/2017-2).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Table 1 in Seasonal mite population distribution on Caryocar brasiliense trees in the Cerrado domain

Table 1. Number of mites (cm 2 of leaf) or per fruit, diversity and species richness (cm 2 of leaf/tree), temperature (°C), rainfall (mm), relative humidity of air (%), sunlight (h), and velocity of wind (m/sec) (average ± SE) according to the season of the year on Caryocar brasiliense. Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.<table><tbody><tr><th></th><th></th><th>Season of the year</th><th></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Mites/cm 2 of leaf</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Summer</td><td>Autumn</td><td>Winter</td><td>Spring</td></tr><tr><th>Acari n.s.</th><td>0.0019 ± 0.0007A</td><td>0.0066 ± 0.0018A</td><td>0.0019 ± 0.0009A</td><td>0.0000 ± 0.0000A</td></tr><tr><th>Agistemus sp. *</th><td>0.0086 ± 0.0021AB</td><td>0.0139 ± 0.0032A</td><td>0.0019 ± 0.0011B</td><td>0.0026 ± 0.0014B</td></tr><tr><th>Eutetranychus sp. n. s.</th><td>0.0000 ± 0.0000A</td><td>0.0013 ± 0.0007A</td><td>0.0008 ± 0.0008A</td><td>0.0000 ± 0.0000A</td></tr><tr><th>Histiostoma sp. **</th><td>0.0376 ± 0.0094C</td><td>0.0834 ± 0.0094A</td><td>0.0675 ± 0.0093B</td><td>0.0598 ± 0.0157B</td></tr><tr><th>Proctolaelaps sp. **</th><td>0.0010 ± 0.0007B</td><td>0.0156 ± 0.0061A</td><td>0.0022 ± 0.0012B</td><td>0.0000 ± 0.0000B</td></tr><tr><th>Tetranychus sp.1 **</th><td>0.0059 ± 0.0018AB</td><td>0.0150 ± 0.0034A</td><td>0.0124 ± 0.0041A</td><td>0.0000 ± 0.0000B</td></tr><tr><th>Tetranychus sp.2 n.s.</th><td>0.0017 ± 0.0010A</td><td>0.0060 ± 0.0018A</td><td>0.0038 ± 0.0016A</td><td>0.0011 ± 0.0008A</td></tr><tr><th>Mites/fruit</th></tr><tr><th>Histiostoma sp. *</th><td>76.76 ± 18.67A</td><td>0.00 ± 0.00B</td><td>0.00 ± 0.00B</td><td>0.00 ± 0.00B</td></tr><tr><th>Proctolaelaps sp. *</th><td>2.80 ± 0.79A</td><td>0.00 ± 0.00B</td><td>0.00 ± 0.00B</td><td>0.00 ± 0.00B</td></tr><tr><th>Ecological indices</th></tr><tr><th>Diversity**</th><td>3.82 ± 1.02AB</td><td>5.19 ± 1.36A</td><td>3.54 ± 0.87AB</td><td>1.96 ± 0.32B</td></tr><tr><th>Species richness*</th><td>2.70 ± 0.65AB</td><td>3.60 ± 0.71A</td><td>2.70 ± 0.73AB</td><td>1.60 ± 0.26B</td></tr><tr><th>Variables</th></tr><tr><th>Temperature**</th><td>24.10 ± 0.11B</td><td>22.16 ± 0.30C</td><td>22.78 ± 0.23C</td><td>25.05 ± 0.27A</td></tr><tr><th>Rainfall**</th><td>5.15 ± 0.73B</td><td>1.04 ± 0.35B</td><td>1.03 ± 0.40B</td><td>22.48 ± 7.59A</td></tr><tr><th>Humidity*</th><td>75.80 ± 1.21A</td><td>64.31 ± 1.51B</td><td>52.36 ± 0.98C</td><td>63.97 ± 2.80B</td></tr><tr><th>Sunlight**</th><td>5.98 ± 0.32B</td><td>8.33 ± 0.16A</td><td>8.06 ± 0.20A</td><td>6.84 ± 0.56B</td></tr><tr><th>Wind**</th><td>2.48 ± 0.29A</td><td>1.80 ± 0.02B</td><td>2.30 ± 0.06A</td><td>2.12 ± 0.03AB</td></tr></tbody></table>Means followed by the same letter (average ± SE) in each row are not different by the test of Tukey (* = P<0.01 and ** = P <0.05).Freedom degree: mites/leaf = 5281, mites/fruit = 2184, ecological indices = 27, and climatic data = 72, “n.s.” = non-significant data.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2024View details →

Figure 5 Hybosa acutangula Boheman, 1855 in Description of larva, pupa, and genitalia of Hybosa acutangula Spaeth, 1913 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) from the Brazilian Cerrado

Figure 5 Hybosa acutangula Boheman, 1855. Pupa: a, dorsal view; b, ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.

dryad36/100

Uncovering the vertebrate scavenger guild composition and functioning in the Cerrado biodiversity hotspot

Scavenging is widespread among vertebrates, being very important for maintaining certain ecosystem functions. Despite this, the scavenger communities remain poorly known in some biomes, especially in the Neotropics. Our main objective was to describe for the first time the scavenger community and identify the factors affecting scavenging efficiency in the Brazilian Cerrado. We analyzed the effects of vegetation cover, time of carcass placement and carcass weight, on scavenger species richness, individual abundances, carcass detection and consumption times, and carcass consumption rate. We monitored 11 large and 45 small carcasses using automatic cameras. We documented a total of 19 vertebrate scavenging species, four species of vultures and 15 facultative scavengers. We found that carcass size was the most important factor affecting the scavenger assemblage and consumption patterns. Large carcasses were dominated by vultures, whereas small carcasses were consumed mainly by facultative scavengers. We also found differences between large and small carcasses in all carcass consumption variables except for detection time. However, we did not find an effect of vegetation cover or time of carcass placement on scavenging patterns. The negligible role of mammals and non-raptor birds in large carcasses is also noteworthy, probably due to the consumption and foraging efficiency of the vultures, and the more frugivorous habits of the mesocarnivores. Our results show a highly diverse and efficient scavenging vertebrate community in the Brazilian Cerrado, and the need to preserve them in the face of the significant habitat transformations suffered by this biodiversity hotspot.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

Figure 1 in Herpetofauna of Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco: one of the last remnants of seasonal forest in the core region of the Brazilian Cerrado

Figure 1. Geographic location of Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco in the state of Goiás, central Brazil. Sampling sites 2-8, 11 and 13 are currently flooded by the João Leite Reservoir.

Figure 6 in Herpetofauna of Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco: one of the last remnants of seasonal forest in the core region of the Brazilian Cerrado

Figure 6. Species of reptiles recorded in Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco, state of Goiás, central Brazil: (A) Eunectes murinus, (B) Spilotes pullatus pullatus, (C) Apostolepis albicollares, (D) Atractus albuquerquei, (E) Erythrolamprus reginae macrosoma, (F) Hydrodynastes gigas, (G) Oxyrhopus petolarius digitalis, (H) Oxyrhopus guibei, (I) Philodryas olfersii, (J) Sibynomorphus mikanii mikanii, (K) Taeniophallus occipitalis, (L) Xenodon merremii, (M) Bothrops moojeni, (N) Crotalus durissus collilineatus (Photo "F" by D. Lopes).

Figure 2 in Herpetofauna of Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco: one of the last remnants of seasonal forest in the core region of the Brazilian Cerrado

Figure 2. Species of anurans recorded in Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco, state of Goiás, central Brazil: (A) Rhinella sebbeni, (B) Rhinella diptycha, (C) Barycholos ternetzi, (D) Proceratophrys goyana, (E) Odontophrynus cultripes, (F) Boana albopunctata, (G) Boana lundii, (H) Boana paranaiba, (I) Boana raniceps, (J) Dendropsophus cruzi, (K) Dendropsophus minutus, (L) Dendropsophus nanus, (M) Dendropsophus rubicundulus, (N) Pseudis bolbodactyla, (O) Scinax constrictus.

Figure 4 in Herpetofauna of Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco: one of the last remnants of seasonal forest in the core region of the Brazilian Cerrado

Figure 4. Species of anurans recorded in Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco, state of Goiás, central Brazil: (A) Physalaemus nattereri, (B) Pseudopaludicola facureae, (C) Chiasmocleis albopunctata, (D) Elachistocleis cesarii, (E) Dermatonotus muelleri.

Figure 5 in Herpetofauna of Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco: one of the last remnants of seasonal forest in the core region of the Brazilian Cerrado

Figure 5. Species of reptiles recorded in Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco, state of Goiás, central Brazil: (A) Chelonoidis carbonarius, (B) Phrynops geoffroanus, (C) Hemidactylus mabouia, (D) Copeoglossum nigropunctatum, (E) Notomabuya frenata, (F) Norops brasiliensis, (G) Tropidurus oreadicus, (H) Tropidurus torquatus, (I) Ophiodes aff. striatus, (J) Ameiva ameiva ameiva, (K) Salvator merianae, (L) Amphisbaena alba, (M) Amphisbaena anaemariae, (N) Boa constrictor amarali, (O) Epicrates crassus.

Figure 3 in Herpetofauna of Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco: one of the last remnants of seasonal forest in the core region of the Brazilian Cerrado

Figure 3. Species of anurans recorded in Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco, state of Goiás, central Brazil: (A) Scinax fuscomarginatus, (B) Scinax aff. fuscovarius, (C) Trachycephalus typhonius, (D) Pithecopus hypochondrialis, (E) Adenomera aff. hylaedactyla, (F) Leptodactylus fuscus, (G) Leptodactylus labyrinthicus, (H) Leptodactylus latrans, (I) Leptodactylus mystaceus, (J) Leptodactylus mystacinus, (K) Leptodactylus podicipinus, (L) Leptodactylus gr. melanonotus, (M) Physalaemus atim, (N) Physalaemus centralis, (O) Physalaemus cuvieri.

opencc-by-nc-4.0Feb 2018View details →

Figure 4 in First avifaunal survey of a Cerrado dry forest enclave on the right bank of the São Francisco River, Minas Gerais, Brazil, with insights on geographic variation of some species

Figure 4. Male specimens of Celeus ochraceus (MCNA 5057) from the study area (above) and Celeus flavescens (MCNA 552) from Fazenda Canabrava, Augusto de Lima, Minas Gerais (below).