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Text-fig. 2. Stratigraphic column of the Eskişehir-Sivrihisar region (Central Turkey). The regional stratigraphy follows Kahraman (2018). Stars mark the positions of vertebrate localities. in Plio-Pleistocene Amphibians And Reptiles From Central Turkey: New Faunas And Faunal Records With Comments On Their Biochronological Position Based On Small Mammals
Text-fig. 2. Stratigraphic column of the Eskişehir-Sivrihisar region (Central Turkey). The regional stratigraphy follows Kahraman (2018). Stars mark the positions of vertebrate localities.
Text-fig. 6. Comparative analysis of the three genera (Prynadaeopteris RADCZ., Geperapteris S.V.MEYEN, Tumidopteris NAUGOLNYKH) with possible affinity to Gleicheniaceae from the Permian deposits of Angaraland. a–c: Tumidopteris NAUGOLNYKH; d–f: Prynadaeopteris RADCZ. (based on Radczenko 1955, 1956, Naugolnykh 2013); g–i: Geperapteris S.V.MEYEN (based on Meyen 1982, Naugolnykh 2013). Left column – sori in plan (frontal view); central column – leaves; right column – sori in cross-section; FL – flattened sori; HS – hemispherical sori. Scale 1 cm (b, h), 5 mm (e), 1 mm (a, d), 0.5 mm (g); c, f, i – figures schematically drawn without scale. in A New Species Of The Genus Tumidopteris Naugolnykh From The Permian Of The Pechora Cis-Urals, Russia
Text-fig. 6. Comparative analysis of the three genera (Prynadaeopteris RADCZ., Geperapteris S.V.MEYEN, Tumidopteris NAUGOLNYKH) with possible affinity to Gleicheniaceae from the Permian deposits of Angaraland. a–c: Tumidopteris NAUGOLNYKH; d–f: Prynadaeopteris RADCZ. (based on Radczenko 1955, 1956, Naugolnykh 2013); g–i: Geperapteris S.V.MEYEN (based on Meyen 1982, Naugolnykh 2013). Left column – sori in plan (frontal view); central column – leaves; right column – sori in cross-section; FL – flattened sori; HS – hemispherical sori. Scale 1 cm (b, h), 5 mm (e), 1 mm (a, d), 0.5 mm (g); c, f, i – figures schematically drawn without scale.
Figure 8 in The giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) cervical vertebral column: a heuristic example in understanding evolutionary processes?
Figure 8. These graphs compare the measured individual cervical vertebrae lengths of fossil Giraffids (Table 4), compared with extant giraffes and the 'other ungulate' group used in this study. The measurement of total vertebral column lengths (TVLs) for the fossil giraffids were generated from the regressions derived for extant giraffes or 'other ungulates', whereas the lengths of the individual cervical vertebrae were taken from the literature (see Table 4). Note that the specimens for Giraffa sp., Samotherium, and Paleotragus germaini appear to scale in a manner similar to extant giraffes, whereas those of Paleotragus primaevus, Climacoceras, and Canthumeryx appear to fall within the range of ungulates that do not demonstrate cervical elongation.
Figure 6 in The giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) cervical vertebral column: a heuristic example in understanding evolutionary processes?
Figure 6. Graphs of total vertebral column length plotted against the body lengths of C2–C7 vertebrae of all of the extant specimens studied. Other ungulates represent all species studied except the giraffe, camel, and llama. Note that for all specimens of the giraffe the vertebral lengths are longer than one would predict on the basis of a generalized ungulate regression, and scale more steeply than the ungulates. The dotted line on the ungulate plot is an extension of the ungulate regression that allows us to establish a comparison with the camel.
Figure 9 in The giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) cervical vertebral column: a heuristic example in understanding evolutionary processes?
Figure 9. These graphs compare the measured individual cervical vertebrae lengths of fossil Giraffids (Table 4) with extant giraffes and the 'other ungulate' group used in this study. The measurement of normalized vertebral column lengths for the fossil giraffids were generated from the regressions derived for extant giraffes or 'other ungulates', whereas the lengths of the individual cervical vertebrae were taken from the literature (see Table 4). Note that the specimens for Giraffa sp., Samotherium, and Paleotragus germaini appear to scale in a manner similar to extant giraffes, whereas those of Paleotragus primaevus, Climacoceras, and Canthumeryx appear to fall within the range of ungulates that do not demonstrate cervical elongation.
Figure 5 in The giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) cervical vertebral column: a heuristic example in understanding evolutionary processes?
Figure 5. Graph of total cervical vertebral length (TCL) vs. individual vertebral length of all the extant specimens studied. Note the way in which the giraffe cervical vertebrae scale in accordance with those seen in the other extant ungulates studied, with the only exception being the youngest giraffe (which was excluded from the regression analysis, but was placed on the graph for comparison).
Figure 2 in The giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) cervical vertebral column: a heuristic example in understanding evolutionary processes?
Figure 2. Photographs of the lateral aspect of non-articulated giraffe vertebrae C6, C7, T1, and T2, demonstrating the osteological differences between cervical and thoracic vertebrae. Note the size of the transverse foramen in C7, the lack of a transverse foramina in T1 and T2, and the longer spinous process of T1 compared with C6 and C7.
Figure 4 in The giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) cervical vertebral column: a heuristic example in understanding evolutionary processes?
Figure 4. Upper panel: the percentage contribution of the remaining vertebral regions to the vertebral column length minus that of the cervical of giraffes aged from calf to adult (ages are estimates). Lower panel: the percentage contributions of the remaining vertebral regions to the vertebral column length minus that of the cervical of the extant ungulates studied, in comparison with the adult giraffes. The percentage occupied by the various spinal regions in the giraffe falls into the same ranges observed in other ungulates when the cervical vertebrae are not included. Key: l, lumbar; s, sacral; t, thoracic.
Figure 3 in The giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) cervical vertebral column: a heuristic example in understanding evolutionary processes?
Figure 3. Upper panel: the percentage contribution of the vertebral regions to the entire length of the vertebral column of giraffes aged from calf to adult (ages are estimates). In the calf, the cervical vertebrae occupy approximately 45% of the total vertebral length. As the animal matures, this increases to between 52 and 54%. Lower panel: the percentage contribution of the vertebral regions to the entire length of the vertebral column of the extant ungulates studied, compared with the adult giraffe. Note that only in the giraffes do the cervical vertebrae occupy more than half of the entire vertebral column. Key: c, cervical; l, lumbar; s, sacral; t, thoracic.
Figure 1 in The giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) cervical vertebral column: a heuristic example in understanding evolutionary processes?
Figure 1. Photograph of the left aspect of giraffe vertebrae C6–T2, demonstrating how they are articulated in a living individual, and the differences between cervical and thoracic vertebrae. Note the size of the transverse foramen in C7 and the longer spinous process of T1 compared with C6 and C7.
MAX-DOAS tropospheric NO2 column measurements in Islamabad, Pakistan (33°N, 73°E) from 2015 to 2019 and comparisons with OMI and TROPOMI satellite data
<p>This data presents an intercomparison of NO<sub>2</sub> retreival settings using Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) and those based on literature published over last 20 years. Moreover, it presents comparison of NO<sub>2</sub> Vertical Column Densities(VCD) obtained from ground based MAX-DOAS in Islamabad, Pakistan with satellite data from 2015-2019. MAX-DOAS has retrieved data at seven elevation angles i.e., 2, 4, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45. On the other hand, VCDs are in molecules per cm<sup>2</sup>. However, in order to collect NO2 dataset, DOASIS was used was used to obtain data from MAX-DOAS and further analyzed using QDOAS. Then geometric approximation was applied to obtain VCDs that are presented in this data set.</p>
Source: Photos courtesy of M.M. Le Roux (a–d) and K.S. Mashego (e–f) FIGURE 1: Morphological characters of Thesium confine (a, d, e) and T. durum (b, c, f) showing (a) the scale-like leaves found in both species; (b) involucral bracts that are invariably present in T. durum; (c) longitudinal section of a flower showing the dense hairs on the perianth lobes, stigma opposite the anthers and the twisted placental column; the habit of (d) T. confine and typical herbarium specimens of (e) T. confine and (f) T. durum. in A taxonomic evaluation of the Thesium confine species complex (Santalaceae)
Source: Photos courtesy of M.M. Le Roux (a–d) and K.S. Mashego (e–f) FIGURE 1: Morphological characters of Thesium confine (a, d, e) and T. durum (b, c, f) showing (a) the scale-like leaves found in both species; (b) involucral bracts that are invariably present in T. durum; (c) longitudinal section of a flower showing the dense hairs on the perianth lobes, stigma opposite the anthers and the twisted placental column; the habit of (d) T. confine and typical herbarium specimens of (e) T. confine and (f) T. durum.
Text-fig. 2. Geological setting of the studied sites. a: Stratigraphic position of the Mospyne Formation in the Carboniferous succession of the Donets Basin. b: Stratigraphic position of the studied locality of ammonoids (numbers in circles to the right of the lithological column). c–f: Some studied localities, c – stratigraphic level with ammonoids No. 8, d – stratigraphic level No. 4, e – stratigraphic level No. 3, f – part of the section of the Mospyne Formation in Sukha Ravine and the position of stratigraphic levels with ammonoids. Abbreviations: Tour. – Tournaisian, Serpukhov. – Serpukhovian, Kasimov. – Kasimovian. in Late Bashkirian Ammonoids From The Mospyne Formation Of The Donets Basin, Ukraine
Text-fig. 2. Geological setting of the studied sites. a: Stratigraphic position of the Mospyne Formation in the Carboniferous succession of the Donets Basin. b: Stratigraphic position of the studied locality of ammonoids (numbers in circles to the right of the lithological column). c–f: Some studied localities, c – stratigraphic level with ammonoids No. 8, d – stratigraphic level No. 4, e – stratigraphic level No. 3, f – part of the section of the Mospyne Formation in Sukha Ravine and the position of stratigraphic levels with ammonoids. Abbreviations: Tour. – Tournaisian, Serpukhov. – Serpukhovian, Kasimov. – Kasimovian.
Summary table of past studies on corner-column failures in building structures
<p>Interactive summary tables of past research on corner-column failures in building structures.</p> <p>Supplement to the journal article entitled "Corner-column failure scenarios in building structures: current knowledge and future prospects" (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2023.01.121">10.1016/j.istruc.2023.01.121</a>).</p>
NIWA-BS Total Column Ozone Database V3.4.1
<p>Total column ozone (TCO) data from multiple satellite-based instruments have been combined to create a single near-global daily time series of ozone fields at 1.25degree longitude by 1degree latitude spanning the period 31 October 1978 to 31 December 2019. Comparisons against TCO measurements from the ground-based Dobson and Brewer spectrophotometer networks are used to remove offsets and drifts against the ground-based measurements in a subset of the satellite-based instruments. The corrected subset is then used as a basis for homogenizing the remaining data sets. The intention is that this data set serves as a climate data record for TCO and, to this end, the requirements for constructing climate data records, as detailed by GCOS (Global Climate Observing System) have been followed as closely as possible. The construction of this database improves on earlier versions of the database maintained first by the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) and now by Bodeker Scientific (BS).</p> <p><strong>Please note: For the reasons detailed in <a href="https://storage.bodekerscientific.com/Bodeker%20Scientific%20TCO%20V3.4.x%20and%20V3.5.x%20differences.pdf">this</a> document, version 3.5.1 of the NIWA-BS TCO<br> database should not be used henceforth for trend analysis and, as such, we have updated the version 3.4 database to the end of 2019 (now referred to as version 3.4.1 of the database, available in this record) as a replacement. </strong></p> <p>This version 3.4.1. is produced using the same method as version 3.4 but the dataset has been extended in time to the end of 2019. This means that all fits were recalculated and, thus, this version is slightly different to version 3.4 in all years. A filled (gap-free) version of version 3.4.1 of this dataset is available under doi:10.5281/zenodo.7447757.</p> <p>The data are available in daily, monthly or annual resolution. Please note the following for the data in monthly and annual resolution:</p> <p>Monthly: There have to be at least 25 valid values in a gridbox within a month to calculate a monthly mean.<br> Annual: There have to be at least 12 valid monthly values within a year to calculate an annual mean.</p> <p><strong>Please email greg@bodekerscientific.com and let us know which data set you downloaded and what your intended purpose for the use of the data is. You will then receive updates if an improved version becomes available.</strong></p>
Spatiotemporal dissolution of calcite grain column packs
<p>The binarized reference data from time-lapse high-resolution X-ray CT imaging of live flow experiments and effluent pH and TDS logs are stored here. Data post-processing and analysis were conducted using a commercial software Avizo - details if which are described in the methods and results sections of the companion manuscript.</p>
Spatiotemporal Estimation of TROPOMI NO2 Column with Depthwise Partial Convolutional Neural Network
<p>Public Repository of the model outputs of TROPOMI NO2 datasets for 2019 and 2020.</p> <p>Comprises:</p> <p>Saved Partial Convolution Neural Network models (PCNN, PCNN-ST, and DW-PCNN) and code to load the models.</p> <p>Datasets (in Netcdf4 format) from PCNN model outputs, Inverse Distance Weighting, Inverse Distance Weighting with Kriging, spatial coordinates, time, target NO2 for imputation, and masks.</p> <p> </p>
O2-O2, SO2, BrO, and IO differential slant column densities (dSCDs) measured by the University of Colorado Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (CU MAX-DOAS) instrument at Maido Observatory during April 29, 2018 and May 4, 2018
<p>Description: O<sub>2</sub>-O<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, BrO, and IO differential slant column densities (dSCDs) measured by the University of Colorado Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (CU MAX-DOAS) instrument at Maido Observatory during April 29, 2018 and May 4, 2018.</p> <p>Instrument: University of Colorado Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (CU MAX-DOAS)<br> Instrument reference: Coburn et al. (2011); doi:10.5194/amt-4-2421-2011<br> Instrument contact: Christopher F. Lee (christopher.f.lee@colorado.edu)<br> Instrument PI: Rainer Volkamer (rainer.volkamer@colorado.edu)<br> <br> Measurement site: Maido Observatory, Reunion Island<br> Longitude: 55.384 degrees East<br> Latitude: 21.080 degrees South<br> Altitude: 2160 meters above sea level<br> Azimuth angle: Approximately 100 degrees clockwise from north<br> <br> The detection limit is defined as (2*Measured RMS) / (Maximum differential absorption cross section), where RMS = root-mean-square noise of spectral signal not accounted for by DOAS fit parameters [optical density units]. The maximum differential absorption cross sections used are 7.0e-21 [cm<sup>2</sup>] for SO<sub>2</sub>, 2.6e-17 [cm<sup>2</sup>] for BrO, and 3.5e-17 [cm<sup>2</sup>] for IO. Detection limits for SO<sub>2</sub> dSCDs, BrO dSCDs, and IO dSCDs are only reported during periods of significant SO<sub>2</sub> detection. BrO to SO<sub>2</sub> ratios are only reported during periods when both BrO dSCDs and SO<sub>2</sub> dSCDs are above the detection limit.</p> <p>Local time (RET) is UTC+4.<br> <br> Column 1: UTC start datetime (yyyy-mm-dd HH:MM:SS)<br> Column 2: UTC center datetime (yyyy-mm-dd HH:MM:SS)<br> Column 3: UTC stop datetime (yyyy-mm-dd HH:MM:SS)<br> Column 4: Elevation angle above the horizon (degrees)<br> Column 5: O<sub>2</sub>-O<sub>2</sub> dSCD [molec<sup>2</sup> cm<sup>-5</sup>]<br> Column 6: Spectral fit error for O<sub>2</sub>-O<sub>2</sub> dSCD [molec<sup>-2</sup> cm<sup>-5</sup>]<br> Column 7: SO<sub>2</sub> dSCD [molec cm<sup>-2</sup>]<br> Column 8: Spectral fit error for SO<sub>2</sub> dSCD [molec cm<sup>-2</sup>]<br> Column 9: Detection limit for SO<sub>2</sub> dSCD [molec cm<sup>-2</sup>]<br> Column 10: BrO dSCD [molec cm<sup>-2</sup>]<br> Column 11: Spectral fit error for BrO dSCD [molec cm<sup>-2</sup>]<br> Column 12: Detection limit for BrO dSCD [molec cm<sup>-2</sup>]<br> Column 13: IO dSCD [molec cm<sup>-2</sup>]<br> Column 14: Spectral fit error for IO dSCD [molec cm<sup>-2</sup>]<br> Column 15: Detection limit for IO dSCD [molec cm<sup>-2</sup>]<br> Column 16: Ratio of BrO dSCDs to SO<sub>2</sub> dSCDs<br> Column 17: Error in ratio of BrO dSCDs to SO<sub>2</sub> dSCDs</p>
Transport and fate of ureolytic Sporosarcina pasteurii in saturated sand columns: experiments and modelling
<p>Dataset for the manuscript - "<strong>Transport and fate of </strong><strong>ureolytic </strong><em><strong>Sporosarcina </strong></em><strong><em>pasteurii</em></strong> <strong>in saturated sand columns: experiments and modelling</strong>".</p>
Transport and fate of ureolytic Sporosarcina pasteurii in saturated sand columns: experiments and modelling
<p>Updated dataset for the manuscript - "<strong>Transport and fate of </strong><strong>ureolytic </strong><em><strong>Sporosarcina </strong></em><strong><em>pasteurii</em></strong> <strong>in saturated sand columns: experiments and modelling</strong>".</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.