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272 results for “crocodiles”
Fig. 2 in Divergent Morphology among Populations of the New Guinea Crocodile, Crocodylus novaeguineae (Schmidt, 1928): Diagnosis of an Independent Lineage and Description of a New Species
Fig. 2. Map of localities for specimens examined; Crocodylus novaeguineae from the Sepik (circle) and Hunstein (pentagon) drainages, and Crocodylus halli from Lake Murray (square), Binaturi (triangle), and Aramia (star) rivers.
Fig. 5 in Divergent Morphology among Populations of the New Guinea Crocodile, Crocodylus novaeguineae (Schmidt, 1928): Diagnosis of an Independent Lineage and Description of a New Species
Fig. 5. Canonical variates analysis exhibiting position in morphospace among specimens from SCN (Lake Murray, Binaturi, and Aramia; Crocodylus halli) and NCN (Sepik; Crocodylus novaeguineae) from dorsal (A; CV1 ¼ 75% variance, CV2 ¼ 13.7% variance) and ventral (B; CV1 ¼ 49% variance, CV2 ¼ 27.4% variance) perspectives.
Fig. 1 in Genetic differentiation of the African dwarf crocodile Osteolaemus tetraspis Cope, 1861 (Crocodylia: Crocodylidae) and consequences for European zoos
Fig. 1 Distribution map of African dwarf crocodiles according to the results of Eaton et al. (2009a) and this study. The three divergent evolutionary lineages are shaded (Western Africa, Ogooué Basin,
Data from: Integrating molecular, phenotypic and environmental data to elucidate patterns of crocodile hybridization in Belize
The genus Crocodylus comprises 12 currently recognized species, many of which can be difficult to differentiate phenotypically. Interspecific hybridization among crocodiles is known to occur in captivity and has been documented between some species in the wild. The identification of hybrid individuals is of importance for management and monitoring of crocodilians, many of which are Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) listed. In this study, both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers were evaluated for their use in confirming a suspected hybrid zone between American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) and Morelet's crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii) populations in southern Belize where individuals and nests exhibiting atypical phenotypic features had previously been observed. Patterns observed in both phenotypic and molecular data indicate possible behavioural and ecological characteristics associated with hybridization events. The results of the combined analyses found that the majority of suspected hybrid samples represent crosses between female C. acutus and male C. moreletii. Phenotypic data could statistically identify hybrids, although morphological overlap between hybrids and C. moreletii reduced reliability of identification based solely on field characters. Ecologically, C. acutus was exclusively found in saline waters, whereas hybrids and C. moreletii were largely absent in these conditions. A hypothesized correlation between unidirectional hybridization and destruction of C. acutus breeding habitats warrants additional research.
Data from: Differences in distress: variance and production of American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) distress calls in Belize
Acoustic communication of American Crocodiles (Crocodylus acutus) is relatively understudied. Our overall aim was to determine the acoustic structure of wild American Crocodile distress calls, distinguish call differences among size classes (hatchling, juvenile, sub-adult, and adult), and investigate call production on a gradient of human disturbance. American Crocodile distress calls have strong frequency modulation and are comprised of multiple harmonics in a downsweeping pattern. Measured parameters (total duration, first quartile duration, maximal frequency, first quartile frequency, end frequency, slope of first quartile, slope of last quartiles) differed significantly among size classes (P < 0.05). Hatchling distress calls are higher in frequency and strongly modulated, whereas calls produced by sub-adults and adults showed little modulation, are lower in frequency, and have greater overall duration. Proportion of crocodiles that produced distress calls during capture differed by size class and sampling location, particularly adult distress calls which are reported here to be produced with undocumented frequency. We determined that American Crocodiles of all size classes produce distress calls at varying rates among study sites. Our results demonstrate that American crocodiles produce distress call more frequently at sites with higher anthropogenic activity. Measured call parameters of juveniles and hatchling American crocodiles also varied among sites in relation to human disturbance. Calls recorded at sites of high anthropogenic impact have increased duration and less modulation which may adversely affect response to emitted distress calls. Proportional and call parameter variances suggest anthropogenic activity as a driver for increased call production and alteration of call parameters at high human-impacted sites.
FIGURE 5. A in A new species of Crocodile Newt Tylototriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) from Shan State, Myanmar (Burma)
FIGURE 5. A. Dorsal view of the type series of Tylototriton ngarsuensis sp. nov. from Baw Hto Chang in Ngar Su Village, Ywangan Township, Taunggyi District, Shan State, Myanmar (21.15364 °N, 96.43660 °E WGS84) at 1212 m in elevation. B. Dorsal view of the type seires of T. shanorum from the vicinity of Taunggyi, Shan State. C. Stage 44 larva (Grosse 2013) of T. ngarsuensis sp. nov. from lot LSUHC 13761 (SVL = 33 mm). E. Ventral view of the type series of T. ngarsuensis sp. nov. E. Ventral view of the type series of T. shanorum. F. Adult male T. ngarsuensis sp. nov. LSUHC 13763.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Crocodile Newt Tylototriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) from Shan State, Myanmar (Burma)
FIGURE 2. Maximum likelihood consensus tree topology of Tylototriton clades I and II (sec. Wang et al. 2018) based on ND2 showing nodal support and the species delimited by the GMYC.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Crocodile Newt Tylototriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) from Shan State, Myanmar (Burma)
FIGURE 1. Distribution of Tylototriton ngarsuensis sp. nov., T. shanorum, and Tylototriton sp. nov. from Shan State, Kachin State, and Sagaing Region, Myanmar.
FIGURE 4 in A new species of Crocodile Newt Tylototriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) from Shan State, Myanmar (Burma)
FIGURE 4. Tylototriton ngarsuensis sp. nov. from Baw Hto Chang in Ngar Su Village, Ywangan Township, Taunggyi District, Shan State, Myanmar (21.15364 °N, 96.43660 °E WGS84) at 1212 m in elevation. A. Gravid female holotype LUSHC 13762. B. Adult male paratype LSUHC 13764. C. Adult male paratype LSUHC 13763. D. Stage 44 larva (Grosse 2013) from lot LSUHC 13761 (SVL = 30 mm).
FIGURE 3 in A new species of Crocodile Newt Tylototriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) from Shan State, Myanmar (Burma)
FIGURE 3. Left: box plot analysis showing the differences in relative head length between Tylototriton ngarsuensis sp. nov. and T. shanorum. Right: principle component analysis (PCA) of the mensural characters of T. ngarsuensis sp. nov. and T. shanorum from Shan State showing sexual dimorphism associated primarily with hind limb length along PC2; M = male and F = female.
Figure 4 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous baurusuchid crocodile Baurusuchus albertoi Nascimento & Zaher 2010, and its phylogenetic affinities
Figure 4. Dorsal view of the skull of Baurusuchus albertoi. Anterior palpebral, ectopterygoid, and part of the pterygoid were removed. Abbreviations: itf, infratemporal fenestra; j, jugal; or, orbit; po, postorbital; pop, paroccipital process; pp, posterior palpebral; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal; stf, supratemporal fenestra. Scale bar = 1 cm.
Figure 10 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous baurusuchid crocodile Baurusuchus albertoi Nascimento & Zaher 2010, and its phylogenetic affinities
Figure 10. Dorsal view of the Cornu branchiale I, from the hyoid apparatus of Baurusuchus albertoi. The white lines point to the muscular insertion scars. Scale bar = 1 cm.
Figure 6 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous baurusuchid crocodile Baurusuchus albertoi Nascimento & Zaher 2010, and its phylogenetic affinities
Figure 6. Ventral view of the skull of Baurusuchus albertoi. Jugal, ectopterygoid, and the pterygoid wing were removed. Abbreviations: bo, basioccipital; cqp, cranioquadrate passage; itf, infratemporal fenestra; or, orbit; po, postorbital; pop, paroccipital process; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; qvc, quadrate ventromedial crest; sq, squamosal; stf, supratemporal fenestra. Scale bar = 1 cm.
Figure 1 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous baurusuchid crocodile Baurusuchus albertoi Nascimento & Zaher 2010, and its phylogenetic affinities
Figure 1. Comparison in lateral view of the reconstructed skulls of Baurusuchus pachecoi, Baurusuchus salgadoensis, and Baurusuchus albertoi. Dotted lines indicate nonpreserved parts. Diagenetic deformation was removed to increase clarity. Scale bar = 10 cm.
Figure 9 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous baurusuchid crocodile Baurusuchus albertoi Nascimento & Zaher 2010, and its phylogenetic affinities
Figure 9. Medial view of the mandible of Baurusuchus albertoi. Abbreviations: a, angular; aca, anterior crest of the articular; art, articular; d, dentary; emf, external mandibular fenestra; gf, glenoid fossa; rap, retroarticular process; sa, surangular; tm, torose margin; vls, ventral lamina of the surangular; vpa, ventral protuberance of the articular. Scale bar = 1 cm.
Figure 8 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous baurusuchid crocodile Baurusuchus albertoi Nascimento & Zaher 2010, and its phylogenetic affinities
Figure 8. Lateral view of the mandible of Baurusuchus albertoi. Abbreviations: a, angular; art, articular; d, dentary; emf, external mandibular fenestra; pid, M. pterygoideous posterior insertion depression; rap, retroarticular process; sa, surangular; tm, torose margin; vpa, ventral protuberance of the articular. Scale bar = 1 cm.
Figure 7 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous baurusuchid crocodile Baurusuchus albertoi Nascimento & Zaher 2010, and its phylogenetic affinities
Figure 7. Detail of the lateral process of the squamosal in baurusuchids. A, Stratiotosuchus maxhechti. B, Baurusuchus salgadoensis. C, D, Baurusuchus albertoi, in lateral and anterior views, respectively. Abbreviations: po, postorbital; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal. Not to scale.
Figure 5 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous baurusuchid crocodile Baurusuchus albertoi Nascimento & Zaher 2010, and its phylogenetic affinities
Figure 5. Posterior view of the skull of Baurusuchus albertoi. Abbreviations: bo, basioccipital; cqp, cranioquadrate passage; fäe, foramen äereum; pop, paroccipital process; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal; sql, squamosal lateral process. Scale bar = 1 cm.
Figure 10 in Towards completing the crocodile newts' puzzle with all-inclusive phylogeographic resources
Figure 10. Appearance of Tylototriton (Tylototriton) houi sp. nov. Top: live individual observed near the type locality (credits: Mian Hou); middle: the holotype MZL-46960 curated at the Cantonal Museum of Zoology of Lausanne (credits: CD); bottom: the type locality in Jade Dragon Snow Mountain (Hengduan massif in northern Yunnan) and observation of a larvae of the new species (credits: AH).
Figure 6 in Towards completing the crocodile newts' puzzle with all-inclusive phylogeographic resources
Figure 6. Co-evolution of key reproductive traits in crocodile newts, based on life-history information (Supporting Information, Table S3) reported on our mitochondrial phylogeny (Fig. 1). White nodes: missing data. Ancestral states (reconstructed by the parsimony method of MESQUITE) are shown on internal nodes. Photos: amplexus of T. pseudoƲerrucosus and egg clutch of E. maxiquadratus (credits: AH).
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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