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opencc-by-4.0May 2016View details →

FIG. 19 in Revision of the Drosophila bromeliae Species Group (Diptera: Drosophilidae): Central American, Caribbean, and Andean Species

FIG. 19. Male genitalia of two closely related species: (A–C) Drosophila manni, n. sp. (DBG 55) and (D–F) Drosophila paramanni, n. sp. (DBG 86). A. Lateral view of aedeagus, aedeagal apodeme, postgonite, and full ventral view of distiphallus of D. manni. B. Surstylus and ventral lobe of epandrium. C. Hypandrium. D. Lateral view of male genitalia, with full ventral view of distiphallus. E. Surstylus and ventral lobe of epandrium. F. Hypandrium.

opencc-by-4.0May 2016View details →

FIG. 17 in Revision of the Drosophila bromeliae Species Group (Diptera: Drosophilidae): Central American, Caribbean, and Andean Species

FIG. 17. Male genitalia of Drosophila penispina, n. sp. A–D. Variation in lateral view of aedeagus, aedeagal apodeme, and gonopod, as well as full ventral view of distiphallus; A, axes indicate aedeagal angle. E–G. Hypandrium. H–J. Surstylus and ventral lobe of epandrium.

opencc-by-4.0May 2016View details →

FIG. 22 in Revision of the Drosophila bromeliae Species Group (Diptera: Drosophilidae): Central American, Caribbean, and Andean Species

FIG. 22. Male genitalia of Drosophila starki Grimaldi, n. sp. (DBG 59). A. Lateral view of aedeagus, aedeagal apodeme, and gonopod. B. Full ventral view of distiphallus. C. Surstylus and ventral lobe of epandrium. D. Hypandrium.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Drosophila suzukii population dynamics and control efficiency of mineral dusts with a focus on grape protection

The invasive pest Drosophila suzukii is threatening berry production. It is mainly managed via chemical control, which is associated with consumer and environmental concerns. Here, we tested the efficiency of mineral dusts under field and laboratory conditions. Furthermore, population dynamics were studied in a vineyard and its surroundings. The kaolin products Cutisan and Surround®, as well as the CaCO3 product Carboliq had neither insecticidal nor repellent effects on Drosophila suzukii adults in laboratory choice tests with grapes at concentrations of up to 2% (w/v). Cutisan and Surround® significantly reduced the number of deposited eggs (-41.9% and -49.3%, respectively) while Carboliq had no effect on the oviposition under laboratory conditions. The Surround® treatment significantly reduced the number of flies trapped on 09/09/2020 at a test vineyard. Depending on the assessment date and treatment, between 59 and 84% of the flies in the bait traps were females. The number of eggs found in fruit treated with Carboliq in the field was higher at each assessment date than in the control but this difference was not statistically significant. Cutisan and Surround® applications in the field showed an equivalent or lower average number of eggs compared to the control but this difference was only significant on 24/09/2020. The highest number of D. suzukii adults was observed around September in the field and a decline of the population occurred in the winter months until July. In epidemic years, temperature - humidity - combinations prior to population peaks were quite stable with low humidity being associated with a high temperature and vice-versa. In non-epidemic years, humidity fluctuated more than in epidemic years and temperatures were lower before population peaks. The effect of global radiation on population maxima seemed to be minor.

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

Evolutionary responses of energy metabolism, development, and reproduction to artificial selection for increasing heat tolerance in Drosophila subobscura

Adaptation to warming conditions involves increased heat tolerance and metabolic changes to reduce maintenance costs and maximize biological functions close to fitness. Evidence shows that energy metabolism evolves in response to warming conditions, but we know little about how heat stress intensity determines the evolutionary responses of metabolism and life history traits. Here, we evaluated the evolutionary responses of energy metabolism and life-history traits to artificial selection for increasing heat tolerance in Drosophila subobscura, using two protocols to measure and select heat tolerance: slow and fast ramping protocols. We found that the increase in heat tolerance was associated with reduced activity of the enzymes involved in the glucose-6-phosphate branchpoint, but no changes in the metabolic rate in selected lines. We also found that the evolution of increased heat tolerance increased the early fecundity in selected lines and increased the egg-to-adult viability only in the slow-ramping selected lines. This work shows heat tolerance can evolve under different thermal scenarios but with different evolutionary outcomes on associated traits depending on the heat stress intensity. Therefore, spatial and temporal variability of thermal stress intensity should be taken into account to understand and predict the adaptive response to ongoing and future climatic conditions.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

Plastic responses of survival and fertility following heat stress in pupal and adult Drosophila virilis

The impact of rising global temperatures on survival and reproduction is putting many species at risk of extinction. In particular, it has recently been shown that thermal effects on reproduction, particularly limits to male fertility, can underpin species distributions in insects. However, the physiological factors influencing fertility at high temperatures are poorly understood. Key factors that affect somatic thermal tolerance such as hardening, the ability to phenotypically increase thermal tolerance after a mild heat shock, and the differential impact of temperature on different life stages, are largely unexplored for thermal fertility tolerance. Here, we examine the impact of high temperatures on male fertility in the cosmopolitan fruit fly Drosophila virilis. We first determined whether temperature stress at either the pupal or adult life-history stage impacts fertility. We then tested the capacity for heat-hardening to mitigate heat-induced sterility. We found that thermal stress reduces fertility in different ways in pupae and adults. Pupal heat stress delays sexual maturity, whereas males heated as adults can reproduce initially following heat stress, but lose the ability to produce offspring. We also found evidence that while heat-hardening in D. virilis can improve high temperature survival, there is no significant protective impact of this same hardening treatment on fertility. These results suggest that males may be unable to prevent the costs of high temperature stress on fertility through heat-hardening which limits a species' ability to quickly and effectively reduce fertility loss in the face of short-term high temperature events.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Paternal condition affects offspring reproduction and life history in a sex-specific manner in Drosophila melanogaster

Nongenetic parental effects can contribute to the adaptation of species to changing environments by circumventing some of the limitations of genetic inheritance. A clearer understanding of the influence of nongenetic inheritance and its potentially sex-specific responses in daughters and sons is needed to better predict the evolutionary trajectories of species. However, whereas nongenetic maternal effects have long been recognized and widely studied, comparatively little is known about corresponding paternal effects. Here, by following 30 isogenic lines of Drosophila melanogaster across two generations, each reared under two dietary regimes in each generation, we tested how protein restriction during larval development of the fathers affects the fitness and health of their daughters and sons. We then quantified genetic and non-genetic paternal, and direct environmental, effects across multiple axes of offspring fitness. Daughters and sons responded differently to their father's developmental history. While isolines differed in mean trait values, their specific responses to protein restriction generally varied little. The sex- and trait-specific responses to paternal effects emphasize the complexity of inter-generational parental effects, which raise important questions about their mode of transmission and adaptive value, including the potential for conflict between the sexes.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Glue genes are subjected to diverse selective forces in Drosophila during Drosophila development

Molecular evolutionary studies usually focus on genes with clear roles in adult fitness or on developmental genes expressed at multiple time points during the life of the organism. Here, we examine the evolutionary dynamics of Drosophila glue genes, a set of eight genes tasked with a singular primary function during a specific developmental stage: the production of glue that allows animal pupa to attach to a substrate for several days during metamorphosis. Using phenotypic assays and available data from transcriptomics, PacBio genomes, and genetic variation from global populations, we explore the selective forces acting on the glue genes within the cosmopolitan D. melanogaster species and its five closely related species, D. simulans, D. sechellia, D. mauritiana, D. yakuba, and D. teissieri. We observe a three-fold difference in glue adhesion between the least and the most adhesive D. melanogaster strain, indicating a strong genetic component to phenotypic variation. These eight glue genes are among the most highly expressed genes in salivary glands yet they display no notable codon bias. New copies of Sgs3 and Sgs7 are found in D. yakuba and D. teissieri with the Sgs3 coding sequence evolving rapidly after duplication in the D. yakuba branch. Multiple sites along the various glue genes appear to be constrained. Our population genetics analysis in D. melanogaster suggests signs of local adaptive evolution for Sgs3, Sgs5 and Sgs5bis and traces of recent selection for Sgs1, Sgs3, Sgs7 and Sgs8. Our work shows that stage-specific genes can be subjected to various dynamic evolutionary forces.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

A reductionist paradigm for high-throughput behavioural fingerprinting in Drosophila melanogaster - DATASET 1 of 2

Dataset associated with "A reductionist paradigm for high-throughput behavioural fingerprinting in Drosophila melanogaster" by Jones et al "A reductionist paradigm for high-throughput behavioural fingerprinting in Drosophila melanogaster".   See http://lab.gilest.ro/coccinella for more information This is archive 1 of 2

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

Effects of mycotoxin treatment on fly survival, development time, thorax length, fecundity, and longevity in four mycophagous Drosophila species

Many mycophagous Drosophila species have adapted to tolerate high concentrations of mycotoxins, an ability not reported in any other eukaryotes. Although an association between mycophagy and mycotoxin tolerance has been established in many Drosophila species, the genetic mechanisms of the tolerance are unknown. This study presents the inter- and intraspecific variation in the mycotoxin tolerance trait. We studied the mycotoxin tolerance in four Drosophila species from four separate clades within the immigrans-tripunctata radiation from two distinct locations. The effect of mycotoxin treatment on 20 isofemale lines per species was studied using seven gross phenotypes: survival to pupation, survival to eclosion, development time to pupation and eclosion, thorax length, fecundity, and longevity. We observed interspecific variation among four species, with D. falleni being the most tolerant, followed by D. recens, D. neotestacea, and D. tripunctata, in that order. The results also revealed geographical variation and intraspecific genetic variation in mycotoxin tolerance. This report provides the foundation for further delineating the genetic mechanisms of the mycotoxin tolerance trait.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

Data for: Emergent dynamics of adult stem cell lineages from single nucleus and single cell RNA-Seq of Drosophila testes

Proper differentiation of sperm from germline stem cells, essential for production of the next generation, requires dramatic changes in gene expression that drive remodeling of almost all cellular components, from chromatin to organelles to cell shape itself. Here we provide a single nucleus and single cell RNA-seq resource covering all of spermatogenesis in Drosophila starting from in-depth analysis of adult testis single nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) data from the Fly Cell Atlas (FCA) study (Li et al., 2022). With over 44,000 nuclei and 6,000 cells analyzed, the data provide identification of rare cell types, mapping of intermediate steps in differentiation, and the potential to identify new factors impacting fertility or controlling differentiation of germline and supporting somatic cells. We justify assignment of key germline and somatic cell types using combinations of known markers, in situ hybridization, and analysis of extant protein traps. Comparison of single cell and single nucleus datasets proved particularly revealing of dynamic developmental transitions in germline differentiation. To complement the web-based portals for data analysis hosted by the FCA, we provide datasets compatible with commonly used software such as Seurat and Monocle. The foundation provided here will enable communities studying spermatogenesis to interrogate the datasets to identify candidate genes to test for function in vivo.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

Experimental introgression in Drosophila: Asymmetric postzygotic isolation associated with chromosomal inversions and an incompatibility locus on the X chromosome

Interspecific gene flow (introgression) is an important source of new genetic variation, but selection against it can reinforce reproductive barriers between interbreeding species. We used an experimental approach to trace the role of chromosomal inversions and incompatibility genes in preventing introgression between two partly sympatric Drosophila virilis group species, D. flavomontana and D. montana. We backcrossed F1 hybrid females from a cross between D. flavomontana female and D. montana male with the males of the parental species for two generations and sequenced pools of parental strains and their reciprocal 2nd generation backcross (BC2mon and BC2fla) females. Contrasting the observed amount of introgression (mean hybrid index, HI) in BC2 female pools along the genome to simulations under different scenarios allowed us to identify chromosomal regions of restricted and increased introgression. We found no deviation from the HI expected under a neutral null model for any chromosome for the BC2mon pool, suggesting no evidence for genetic incompatibilities in backcrosses towards D. montana. In contrast, the BC2fla pool showed high variation in the observed HI between different chromosomes, and massive reduction of introgression on the X chromosome (large X-effect). We find that this observation is compatible with reduced recombination combined with at least one dominant incompatibility locus residing within the X inversion(s). Overall, our study suggests that genetic incompatibilities arising within chromosomal inversions can play an important role in speciation.

Evidence for stronger sexual selection in males than females using an adapted method of Bateman's classic study of Drosophila melanogaster

Bateman’s principle, originally a test of Darwin’s theoretical ideas, has since become fundamental to sexual selection theory and vital to contextualising the role of anisogamy and the operational sex ratio in sex differences in both reproductive competition and precopulatory sexual selection. Despite this, Bateman’s principle has received substantial criticism, and researchers have highlighted both statistical and methodological errors, suggesting that Bateman’s original experiment contains too much sampling bias for there to be any evidence of sexual selection. This study uses Bateman’s original method as a template, accounting for two fundamental flaws in his original experiments, (i) viability effects and (ii) a lack of mating behaviour observation. Experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster consisted of wild-type focal individuals and non-focal individuals established by backcrossing the brown eye (bw-) eye-colour marker. Mating assays included direct observation of mating behaviour and subsequently, total number of offspring were counted, to obtain measures of mating success, reproductive success, and standardised variance measures based on Bateman’s principle. The results provide observational support for Bateman’s principle, particularly that (i) males had significantly more variation in number of mates compared to females and (ii) males had significantly more individual variation in total number of offspring. We also find significantly steeper Bateman gradient for males compared to females, suggesting that sexual selection is operating more intensely in males. However, female remating was limited, providing the opportunity for future study to further explore female reproductive success in correlation with higher levels of remating.

Centripetal migration in Drosophila ovary VI: stretch cell timelapse pt4

Part of data supporting Figs 4, S4,S5 of “Two phases for centripetal migration of Drosophila melanogaster follicle cells: initial ingression followed by epithelial migration” DOI: 10.1242/dev.200492 Data file description: <ul> <li>“MyrtdEOS”                                                                         25.1GB</li> </ul>              Timelapse image data for marked stretch cells <ul> <li>“PG150 Gal4 pt2”                                                               21.78GB</li> </ul>              Timelapse image data for marked stretch cells <ul> <li>“Stretch Cell Analysis CSV files”                                         56 KB</li> </ul>            Preliminary evaluation of stretch cell samples, and quantitative data for stretch cell extensions

Centripetal migration in Drosophila ovary V: stretch cell timelapse pt3

Part of data supporting Figs 4, S4 of “Two phases for centripetal migration of Drosophila melanogaster follicle cells: initial ingression followed by epithelial migration” DOI: 10.1242/dev.200492 Data files descriptions: <ul> <li>“A90 Gal4”                                                                           4.8 GB</li> </ul>              Timelapse image data for marked stretch cells <ul> <li>“C415 Gal4 pt2”                                                                 39.86 GB</li> </ul>             Timelapse image data for marked stretch cells <ul> <li>“Stretch Cell Analysis CSV files”                                         56 KB</li> </ul>              Preliminary evaluation of stretch cell samples, and quantitative data for stretch cell extensions

Centripetal migration in Drosophila ovary IV: stretch cell timelapse pt2

Part of data supporting Figs 4, S4 of “Two phases for centripetal migration of Drosophila melanogaster follicle cells: initial ingression followed by epithelial migration” DOI: 10.1242/dev.200492 Data files descriptions: <ul> <li>“C415 Gal4 pt1”                                                                 45.32 GB</li> </ul>             Timelapse image data for marked stretch cells <ul> <li>“Stretch Cell Analysis CSV files”                                         56 KB</li> </ul>             Preliminary evaluation of stretch cell samples, and quantitative data for stretch cell extensions

Centripetal migration in Drosophila ovary III: stretch cell timelapse pt1

Part of data supporting Figs 4, S4 of “Two phases for centripetal migration of Drosophila melanogaster follicle cells: initial ingression followed by epithelial migration” DOI: 10.1242/dev.200492 Data files descriptions: <ul> <li>“PG150 Gal4 pt1”                                                               35.92 GB</li> </ul>             Timelapse image data for marked stretch cells <ul> <li>“Stretch Cell Analysis CSV files”                                        56 KB</li> </ul>             Preliminary evaluation of stretch cell samples, and quantitative data for stretch cell extensions

Raw data drosophila parasitoids sampled in 2008 life history traits

Sampling of parasitoids in 2008 and 2011 Life history and physiological traits measurements at different temperatures : developement time, fecundity, mass, metabolic rate, etc.

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

Data for: Natural genetic variation in a dopamine receptor is associated with variation in female fertility in Drosophila melanogaster

Fertility is a major component of fitness but its genetic architecture remains poorly understood. Using a full diallel cross of 50 Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel inbred lines with whole genome sequences, we found substantial genetic variation in fertility largely attributable to females. We mapped genes associated with variation in female fertility by genome-wide association analysis of common variants in the fly genome. Validation of candidate genes by RNAi knockdown confirmed the role of the dopamine 2-like receptor (Dop2R) in promoting egg laying. We replicated the Dop2R effect in an independently collected productivity dataset and showed that the effect of the Dop2R variant was mediated in part by regulatory gene expression variation. This study demonstrates the strong potential of genome-wide association analysis in this diverse panel of inbred strains and subsequent functional analyses for understanding the genetic architecture of fitness traits.