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FIGURES 54–55 in Stenomastigus Leleup (Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae): status of subgenus Acanthostigus Leleup and revision of species with elongated male protrochanters

FIGURES 54–55. Dorsal habitus of male (54) and female (55) Stenomastigus basilewskyi Leleup. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURES 23–24 in Stenomastigus Leleup (Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae): status of subgenus Acanthostigus Leleup and revision of species with elongated male protrochanters

FIGURES 23–24. Dorsal habitus of male (23) and female (24) Stenomastigus kosianus sp. n. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURES 9–16 in Stenomastigus Leleup (Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae): status of subgenus Acanthostigus Leleup and revision of species with elongated male protrochanters

FIGURES 9–16. Protrochanter of male in lateral view. 9, Stenomastigus franzi Leleup. 10, S. jeanneli Leleup. 11, S. longicornis (Boheman). 12, S. berlinafricanus sp. n. 13, S. kosianus sp. n. 14, S. allaeri Leleup. 15, S. basilewskyi Leleup. 16, S. kochi Leleup. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 1–8 in Stenomastigus Leleup (Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae): status of subgenus Acanthostigus Leleup and revision of species with elongated male protrochanters

FIGURES 1–8. Mesoventral process of males (1, 3) and females (2, 4–8) in ventral view. 1–2, Stenomastigus franzi Leleup. 3– 4, S. basilewskyi Leleup. 5, S. longicornis (Boheman). 6, S. dendrophilus Leleup. 7, S. varii Leleup. 8, S. jeanneli Leleup. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Dataset for in silico study of Exotoxin A - Elongation Factor 2 interaction

BPMD:  Binding Pose Metadynamics simulations of ETA with 3 different ligands (NAD+,bTAD, and ADP-ribose).  ETA: 200 ns MD simulation trajectories for ETA with 3 different ligands (NAD+,bTAD, and ADP-ribose) in 3 replicas. ETA_EF2_Complexes: 200 ns MD simulation trajectories exploring the interaction between ETA  and EF2 with 3 different ligands (NAD+, bTAD, and ADP-ribose non-bonded) in 3 replicas with DTA715 or HIS715 containing eEF2. ETA_EF2_ADP_ribose-Bonded: 200 ns MD simulation trajectories exploring the interaction between ETA and DTA715-containing eEF2 with ADP-ribose covalently bound to DTA715. 3 replicas.

FIGURE 3 in Evolving longer for a mate: A new scorpionfly (Mecoptera: Panorpoidea: Panorpidae) with exaggeratedly elongated male abdominal segments

FIGURE 3. Fossil (drawings showing only A6–A9) and extant (color habitus) scorpionfly species with exaggeratedly elongated abdominal segments (EEAS) on a time scale (males). Putative origins of the male EEAS are marked by circled numerals 1–7. All the species are at the same scale. Scale bars: 5.0 mm. Ma: million years ago.

FIGURE 2 in Evolving longer for a mate: A new scorpionfly (Mecoptera: Panorpoidea: Panorpidae) with exaggeratedly elongated male abdominal segments

FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D & E. A3 and A4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve.

FIGURE 1 in Evolving longer for a mate: A new scorpionfly (Mecoptera: Panorpoidea: Panorpidae) with exaggeratedly elongated male abdominal segments

FIGURE 1. Habitat and habitus of Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. A distant view of the type locality; B. A closer view of the type locality; red arrow denotes the spot where the specimens were caught; C. Male adult of Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. (not in the type series) resting on a piece of leaf; red arrows indicate melanized wounds relating to possible intra-sexual disputes.

FIGURE 4 in Evolving longer for a mate: A new scorpionfly (Mecoptera: Panorpoidea: Panorpidae) with exaggeratedly elongated male abdominal segments

FIGURE 4. Distributional map of fossil and extant scorpionfly species with EEAS. Localities are indicated by gray (fossil species) and yellow dots (extant species), and a red star (new species described herein).

Figure 5 in Evolution of axial patterning in elongate fishes

Figure 5. Number of abdominal and caudal vertebrae from our literature-based data set. Species were grouped into orders. Regression results are in Table 1, and a list of the species plotted is available in Supplementary Material: Table S1. The dotted line has a slope of one, indicating equal changes in abdominal and caudal vertebrae.

Figure 7 in Evolution of axial patterning in elongate fishes

Figure 7. Vertebral aspect ratio (AR) in the abdominal and caudal regions (AR = centrum length/centrum width). Solid lines are reduced major axis (RMA) regressions based on the raw data (the data points shown), and dashed lines are RMA regressions based on independent contrasts of abdominal and caudal aspect ratio. Regression statistics are given in Tables 4, 5.

Figure 3 in Evolution of axial patterning in elongate fishes

Figure 3. Intrarelationships of the seven groups included in our museum-based study. In the line drawings, the grey portion of each silhouette highlights the tail region of the body. A, Polypteriformes (Nelson, 1994); B, Osteoglossomorpha (Hilton, 2003); C, Elopomorpha (Belouze, 2002); D, Ostariophysi (Fink & Fink, 1981; Nelson, 1994); E, Paracanthopterygii (Patterson & Rosen, 1989; Endo, 2002); F, Beloniformes (Lovejoy, 2000); G, Scombroidei (Johnson & Baldwin, 1994).

Figure 2 in Evolution of axial patterning in elongate fishes

Figure 2. Models of axial patterning in fishes. A, vertebral number; B, vertebral aspect ratio (centrum length/centrum width). For an explanation of the models, see text.

Figure 1. Vertebrae from the Atlantic tarpon, Megalops atlanticus. A in Evolution of axial patterning in elongate fishes

Figure 1. Vertebrae from the Atlantic tarpon, Megalops atlanticus. A, anterior and lateral views of an abdominal vertebra with ribs; B, anterior and lateral views of a caudal vertebra with fused haemal arch.

Figure 4 in Evolution of axial patterning in elongate fishes

Figure 4. Contribution of increases in vertebral number and aspect ratio to overall body elongation. Elongation ratio (ER) is the standard length divided by the next largest body axis, either width or depth. The raw values plotted here were converted to independent contrast scores and a reduced major axis (RMA) regression, with the intercept forced through zero, was performed. A, total vertebral number vs. ER. Results from RMA regression on independent contrasts: y = 9.3x, R = 0.32, P = 0.02. B, vertebral aspect ratio (AR = centrum length/centrum width) vs. ER. Points represent the mean of abdominal and caudal ARs for each species. Results from RMA regression on independent contrasts: R = 0.18, P = 0.72. C, axial elongation index (AEI) vs. ER. AEI = (abdominal vertebral number)(abdominal AR) + (caudal vertebral number)(caudal AR). Results from RMA regression on independent contrasts: y = 10.0x, R = 0.46, P <0.001., Beloniformes;, Elopomorpha;, Ostariophysi;, Osteoglossomorpha;, Paracanthoptery-

Figure 9 in Evolution of axial patterning in elongate fishes

Figure 9. Squared-change parsimony traced phylogenies for abdominal aspect ratio and caudal aspect ratio. For each species, the mean of abdominal and caudal aspect ratio was calculated for this analysis. The interrelationships of the seven clades examined are based on Lauder & Liem (1983), and references for the intrarelationships are given in the legend to Fig. 3. Both traces are based on a squared-change parsimony algorithm in MacClade, version 4.06 (Maddison, 1991). Lighter coloured branches (white, yellow) are lower values of aspect ratio and darker branches (purple, black) are higher values of aspect ratio.

Figure 6 in Evolution of axial patterning in elongate fishes

Figure 6. Number of vertebrae in each of the two regions of the vertebral column, abdominal and caudal, for six clades in the museum-based study. Solid circles () represent the species means for number of abdominal vertebrae, and solid squares () represent the species means for number of caudal vertebrae. Solid regression lines are for abdominal vertebral number and dashed regression lines are for caudal vertebral number. The thick regression lines were calculated from the raw data points shown, and the thin regression lines are based on independent contrasts. Regression statistics are given in Tables 2, 3.

Figure 8 in Evolution of axial patterning in elongate fishes

Figure 8. Squared-change parsimony traced phylogenies for number of abdominal vertebrae and number of caudal vertebrae. The interrelationships of the seven clades examined are based on Lauder & Liem (1983), and references for the intrarelationships are given in the legend to Fig. 3. Both traces are based on a squared-change parsimony algorithm in MacClade, version 4.06 (Maddison, 1991). Lighter coloured branches (white, yellow) are lower vertebral numbers and darker branches (purple, black) are higher vertebral numbers. Electrophorus electricus was pseudocoloured in the number of caudal vertebrae to allow for greater resolution of the caudal vertebrae trace (see Material and methods). Two nodes are labelled A and B to allow their identification in the text.

opennotspecifiedMay 2023View details →

FIGURE 5. A in Description of a geographically variable elongate rock-dwelling cichlid (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) from Lake Malaŵi, Africa

FIGURE 5. A male Metriaclima melissa at Mbuyu (A), at Chewere (B), and at Chirwa Island (C). A female M. melissa at Chewere (D), Lake Malaŵi, Malaŵi, Africa.