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FIGURE 28. Rodhainyssus balantiopteryx Fain, 1967 in Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae

FIGURE 28. Rodhainyssus balantiopteryx Fain, 1967, female (A–D). A, ventral view; B, postero-ventral projections of gnathosoma; C, tarsus I in ventral view; D, trochanter III in ventral view. Male (E–G). E, ventral view; F, aedeagus; G, tarsus I in ventral view. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, E), 50 µm (B–D, F, G).

FIGURE 17. Rodhainyssus nycteris Fain, 1967 in Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae

FIGURE 17. Rodhainyssus nycteris Fain, 1967, female (A, B). A, ventral view; B, postero-ventral projections of gnathosoma. Male (C, D). C, ventral view; D, aedeagus. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, C), 50 µm (B, D).

FIGURE 29 in Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae

FIGURE 29. Rodhainyssus saccopteryx Bochkov et OConnor, sp. nov., female (A–C). A, ventral view; B, postero-ventral projections of gnathosoma; C, trochanter III in ventral view. Male (D, E). D, ventral view; E, aedeagus. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, D), 50 µm (B, C, E).

FIGURE 34. Opsonyssus asiaticus Fain, 1959 in Phylogeny and systematics of the endoparasitic astigmatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) of mammals: families Gastronyssidae, Lemurnyssidae, and Pneumocoptidae

FIGURE 34. Opsonyssus asiaticus Fain, 1959, female (A–D). A, ventral view; B, propodonotal shield; C, apodemes I fused with propodonotal shield; D, bursa copulatrix. Male (E, F). E, opisthosoma in ventral view; F, aedeagus. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, E), 50 µm (B–D, F).

FIGURE 1 in A review of the endoparasitic isopods (Epicaridea: Entoniscidae) from hermit crabs, including description of the new subfamily Diogenioninae and a new species of Paguritherium Reinhard, 1945 from the Philippines

FIGURE 1. Map of locations where entoniscids (Diogenion vermifactus Codreanu, Codreanu & Pike, 1960, Diogenion cf. vermifactus, Paguritherium alatum Reinhard 1945, and Paguritherium manggagaway n. sp.) have been found infesting hermit crab hosts.

FIGURE 5 in A review of the endoparasitic isopods (Epicaridea: Entoniscidae) from hermit crabs, including description of the new subfamily Diogenioninae and a new species of Paguritherium Reinhard, 1945 from the Philippines

FIGURE 5. Diogenion cf. vermifactus Codreanu, Codreanu & Pike, 1960, epicaridium larvae (USNM 1522332). A. Ventral view. B. Pereopods 1–6. C. Dorsal view. D. Pleopods 1–5, endopod below numbered appendages. E. Dorsal view of pleopods, uropods, and pleotelson. Abbreviations: A1, antennulae; A2, antennae; P1–P6, pereopods 1–6; Pl1–5, pleomeres 1–5; Pt, pleotelson; Ur, Uropod. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm; C = 100 μm; D, E = 25 μm.

FIGURE 9. Paguritherium manggagaway n in A review of the endoparasitic isopods (Epicaridea: Entoniscidae) from hermit crabs, including description of the new subfamily Diogenioninae and a new species of Paguritherium Reinhard, 1945 from the Philippines

FIGURE 9. Paguritherium manggagaway n. sp., female paratype (A–D = ZRC 2022.0965). A. Head, ventral view. B. Head, lateral view of head and basal portion of oostegite 1. C. Ventral view of body, oostegites removed. D. Pleon, lateral view. Male paratype (E–H, ZRC 2022.0963). E. Lateral view. F. Head, lateral view showing mouthparts and antennulae. G. Head, ventral view. H. Pereopod 6. Scale bars: A–D = 500 µm; E, G = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; H = 50 mm.

FIGURE 10. Paguritherium manggagaway n in A review of the endoparasitic isopods (Epicaridea: Entoniscidae) from hermit crabs, including description of the new subfamily Diogenioninae and a new species of Paguritherium Reinhard, 1945 from the Philippines

FIGURE 10. Paguritherium manggagaway n. sp., epicaridium larva (A–E = ZRC 2022.0965, F=JW11-121-28). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Head showing antennulae, mouthparts, proximal segments of antennae, and pereopods 1–3, ventral view. D. Left antenna (4 peduncular and 2 flagellar segments shown by numbers). E. Pereopods 1–5. F. Pereopod 1 with serrated fan-like setae on propodus (indicated by arrows). Abbreviations: P1–P6, pereopods 1–6. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm; C–E = 25 μm; F = 10 μm.

FIGURE 7. Paguritherium manggagaway n in A review of the endoparasitic isopods (Epicaridea: Entoniscidae) from hermit crabs, including description of the new subfamily Diogenioninae and a new species of Paguritherium Reinhard, 1945 from the Philippines

FIGURE 7. Paguritherium manggagaway n. sp., female (A = USNM 1522342, B, D = USNM 1522339, C, E = USNM 1522338). A. Host Calcinus gaimardii with ovigerous female paratype exposed in abdomen. Arrow shows exit pore in the middle of host pereomere 5. B. Ovigerous female paratype removed from anterior portion of abdomen of host, ventral view. C. Ovigerous female holotype removed from posterior portion of abdomen of same specimen as B, ventral view. Dashed arrow shows where the two female parasites overlapped. D. Female paratype shown in B, dorsal view. E. Female holotype shown in C, dorsal view. Dashed arrow shows where the two female parasites overlapped. Abbreviations: Hd, head; In, intestine of host. Scale bars: A–E = 1 mm.

FIGURE 6. Paguritherium alatum Reinhard 1945 in A review of the endoparasitic isopods (Epicaridea: Entoniscidae) from hermit crabs, including description of the new subfamily Diogenioninae and a new species of Paguritherium Reinhard, 1945 from the Philippines

FIGURE 6. Paguritherium alatum Reinhard 1945, female (A–D). A. Cross section of hermit crab Pagurus longicarpus showing position of ovigerous female P. alatum within abdomen; body of parasite shown in black, oostegites with developing larvae shown by black dots; the pleon extends to an opening at the base of the eyestalk (arrow). B. Adult female removed from abdomen of host (enclosing sheath and contents of brood pouch removed). C. Ovigerous female with embryos present in brood pouch. D. Head of female. Male (E–H = USNM 1522336). E. Lateral view of male. F. Head of male, ventral view. G. Ventral view of male. H. Male right pereopods 5–7. Epicaridium larva (I–O; N = USNM 1522337). I. Antennule. J. Antenna. K. Pereopod 4 (could be any of 1–5, see Remarks under P. alatum). L. Pereopod 5 (could be any of 1–5, see Remarks under P. alatum). M. Pereopod 6. N. Pereopods 5 (on right) and 6 (on left). O. Pleopod 5. Abbreviations: A1, antennulae; A2, antennae; Hd, head; He, heart; Md, mandibles; Mx, maxillae, Mxp, maxillipeds; O1–O4, oostegites 1–4; P1, pereopod 1. Scale bars: G = 200 µm; H = 25 µm; N = 10 µm; rest not to scale. A–F modified from Reinhard (1945); J–M, O modified from Adkison (1990).

FIGURE 4 in A review of the endoparasitic isopods (Epicaridea: Entoniscidae) from hermit crabs, including description of the new subfamily Diogenioninae and a new species of Paguritherium Reinhard, 1945 from the Philippines

FIGURE 4. Diogenion cf. vermifactus Codreanu, Codreanu & Pike, 1960, female (A, B, C = USNM 1522333, D = ZRC 2022.0962), A. Head, ventral view. B. Pereopod 1. C. Pereopod 6. D. Pleon. Male (E= USNM 1522332, F, G, H = USNM 1522334), E. Oblique lateral view. F. Dorsal view. G. Lateral view of head region showing antennula, antenna, pereopod 1 and mouth parts (dashed lines show head region in relation to rest of body). H. Pereopod 6. Abbreviations: A1, antennulae; A2, antennae; Md, mandible; Mxp, maxilliped; P1–P7, pereopods 1–7; Pl1–5, pleomeres 1–5; Pt, pleotelson. Scale bars: A, D = 1.0 mm; B, C = 250 µm; E, F = 500 µm; G, H = 50 µm.

FIGURE 2 in A review of the endoparasitic isopods (Epicaridea: Entoniscidae) from hermit crabs, including description of the new subfamily Diogenioninae and a new species of Paguritherium Reinhard, 1945 from the Philippines

FIGURE 2. Diogenion vermifactus Codreanu, Codreanu & Pike, 1960. A. Female, lateral view. B. Male, ventral view. Abbreviations: A1, antennulae; A2, antennae; Hd, head; O1–O7, oostegites 1–7; O1t, transverse plate of oostegite 1; P1–P7, pereopods 1–7; Pl1–5, pleomeres 1–5; S, host sheath; Pt, pleotelson; Tr, ovarian thoracic trunk; Ur, uropods. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 200 µm. Modified from Codreanu et al. (1960).

FIGURE 3 in A review of the endoparasitic isopods (Epicaridea: Entoniscidae) from hermit crabs, including description of the new subfamily Diogenioninae and a new species of Paguritherium Reinhard, 1945 from the Philippines

FIGURE 3. Diogenion cf. vermifactus Codreanu, Codreanu & Pike, 1960, female (A, B = USNM 1522331, C = USNM 1522333). A. Host Calcinus gaimardii with ovigerous female of D. cf. vermifactus partially dissected from abdomen of host, lateral view. B. Same specimen shown in A, dorsal view of host and opposite side of ovigerous female of D. cf. vermifactus showing abdomen extending to exit pore near anterior end of hermit crab (indicated by arrow). C. Ovigerous female of D. cf. vermifactus with nearly all eggs removed, ventral view. Abbreviations: Hd, head; O1, oostegite 1. Scale bars: A, B, C = 3 mm.

Figure 26 in Integrative taxonomy, larval biology and functional morphology of the little known gall-forming coral endoparasite Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida)

Figure 26. COI gene tree by maximum likelihood (ML) and species delimitation of Petrarca. Bootstrap support for neighbour-joining (NJ) and ML and posterior probability for Bayesian inference (BI) are presented at the main nodes. Results of species delimitation were presented by vertical bars, and the numbers in the black boxes were as follows: 1–3, results of ASAP with three highest ASAP-score; 4, 5, results of PTP method with maximum likelihood and the highest Bayesian supported solution; 6, result of GMYC.

Figure 25 in Integrative taxonomy, larval biology and functional morphology of the little known gall-forming coral endoparasite Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida)

Figure 25. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratype, thoracopods and penis, SEM. A, thoracopod 1. B, ctenoid scales on thoracopod 3. C, rudimentary abdomen, ventral side. D, distal end of penis. Abbreviations: pe, penis (base); rab, rudimentary abdomen; thp1, thoracopod 1. Scale bars in µm.

Figure 21 in Integrative taxonomy, larval biology and functional morphology of the little known gall-forming coral endoparasite Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida)

Figure 21. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., holotype, thoracopods, penis and abdomen. A, rudimentary setiform thoracopod 1. B, left thoracopods 2–6 (numbered) with groups of seminal receptacles. C, rudimentary abdomen, segments numbered. D, distal part of penis. Scale bars in µm.

Figure 24 in Integrative taxonomy, larval biology and functional morphology of the little known gall-forming coral endoparasite Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida)

Figure 24. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratype, mouthparts, SEM. A, labrum, lateroventral view. B, C, distal part and cutting edge of mandible respectively (tiny setae on cutting edge indicated by arrowheads). D, dense thin setae on proximal half of outer margin of mandible. E, maxillule. F, G, middle and lower parts of cutting edge of maxillule. H, basal 'pore-field' of maxillule. I, maxillules and maxillae. J, thickened and wrinkled cuticle on distal surface of maxilla. K, ctenoid scale on lateral surface of maxilla. Abbreviations: mx1, maxillules; mx2, maxillae. Scale bars in µm.

Figure 22 in Integrative taxonomy, larval biology and functional morphology of the little known gall-forming coral endoparasite Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida)

Figure 22. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., paratypes, general view and mantle (carapace) structures, SEM. A, general view, lateral view, left side. B, external surface of mantle, central part, papillae coloured in magenta. C, external surface of mantle with papillae, ventral side. D, tip of papilla with central micropore. E, habitus with left valve removed (first abdominal segment numbered). F, surface of internal cuticle of mantle with two tiny pores. Abbreviations: oc, oral cone; pe, penis; thp2–6, thoracopods. Scale bars in µm.

Figure 19 in Integrative taxonomy, larval biology and functional morphology of the little known gall-forming coral endoparasite Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida)

Figure 19. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., general view, light microscopy (A, B, holotype; C, D, paratypes). A, B, lateral view, right and left sides, respectively. C, adult specimen, right side. D, young specimen, left side. Scale bars in µm.

Figure 20 in Integrative taxonomy, larval biology and functional morphology of the little known gall-forming coral endoparasite Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida)

Figure 20. Petrarca rubus sp. nov., holotype, antennules and mouthparts. A, left antennule, segments numbered. B, C, terminal (fifth) segments of left and right antennules, respectively. D, rudimentary seta on fourth antennular segment. E, labrum with mouth structures, lateral view. F, mandible. G, cutting edge of mandible. H, maxillule. I, distal ends of maxillae. Abbreviations: ae, aesthetasc; cl, claw; clg, claw guard; ml, medial languette; mo, mouth opening; oe, oesophagus. Scale bars in µm.