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377 results for “evolution of complexity”
Figure 8. Cytochrome oxidase I in Mimetic colour pattern evolution in the highly polymorphic Bombus trifasciatus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) species complex and its comimics
Figure 8. Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) + 16S genetic distances between pairs of individuals from Figure 6 compared to their geographical distances. Distances between unique sublineages coloured in Figure 6 are in grey. Inferred withinlineage distances are coloured here by lineage. The line represents the trend of isolation by distance within Bombus trifasciatus s.s.
Figure 5 in Mimetic colour pattern evolution in the highly polymorphic Bombus trifasciatus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) species complex and its comimics
Figure 5. Per cent darkness of wings across the distribution of Bombus trifasciatus, Bombus breviceps, and Bombus haemorrhoidalis lineages. In B. trifasciatus two hierarchical levels of relationship are outlined: solid lines represent the major coloured sublineages inferred in Figure 6, and dashed lines represent higher-level bifurcations supported by mitochondrial, nuclear, and some morphometric data. The question mark indicates Bombus trifasciatus magrettianus, which has uncertain sublineage affinity.
Figure 4 in Mimetic colour pattern evolution in the highly polymorphic Bombus trifasciatus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) species complex and its comimics
Figure 4. Distribution of colour patterns of Bombus (Alpigenobombus) breviceps sensu Williams (1998) with previously recognized species outlined. Localities with yellow markers were sampled for DNA sequencing. Some of the specimens from China have variation in whether pleura and/or, more rarely, the dorsal mesosoma, are more yellowish or orange.
Figure 7 in Mimetic colour pattern evolution in the highly polymorphic Bombus trifasciatus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) species complex and its comimics
Figure 7. Comparison of Bombus trifasciatus lineage uncorrected pairwise genetic distances to genetic distances typically observed within and between Bombus species. A, histogram of maximum intraspecific divergences using the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) barcoding fragment for 70 species available in BOLD Data Systems. B, histogram of 16S genetic distances between pairs of undisputed sister species in the bumble bee phylogeny. These are compared to boxplots representing the distribution of genetic distances for these fragments for major splits between B. trifasciatus sublineages (A–F), and for COI, to divergences within each of these sublineages (a–e).
Figure 13. A in Mimetic colour pattern evolution in the highly polymorphic Bombus trifasciatus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) species complex and its comimics
Figure 13. A, colours at right were assigned to each of these 24 colour regions for all terminal taxa to assess ancestral patterns and rates of colour evolution for each body region. Diagram coding follows Williams (2007). B, terminal and reconstructed ancestral colour patterns mapped onto the Bombus trifasciatus lineage Bayesian phylogeny. Question marks indicate nonsignificant Bayesian character state reconstructions.
Figure 12 in Mimetic colour pattern evolution in the highly polymorphic Bombus trifasciatus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) species complex and its comimics
Figure 12. Haplotype networks of sequences of cytochrome oxidase I + 16S for A, the Bombus breviceps lineage and B, the Bombus haemorrhoidalis lineage. Each circle represents a sampled or intermediate haplotype and each line represents a single base change unless otherwise indicated. Numbers are voucher numbers from Table S1.
Figure 1 in Mimetic colour pattern evolution in the highly polymorphic Bombus trifasciatus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) species complex and its comimics
Figure 1. Colour patterns of the type specimens of the species/subspecies belonging to three South-East Asian comimetic species sensu Williams (1998), including their approximate geographical distribution. This demonstrates the colour pattern diversity and convergence on multiple mimicry groups across these species. Data sources: Bingham, 1897; Pendlebury, 1923; Richards, 1929, 1931; Frison, 1935; Skorikov, 1938; Tkalců, 1968, 1974, 1989; Sakagami, 1972; Williams, 1991, 1998.
50 shades of greenbeard: Robust evolution of altruism based on similarity of complex phenotypes
<p>We study the evolution of altruistic behavior under a model where individuals choose to cooperate by comparing a set of continuous phenotype tags. Individuals play a donation game and only donate to other individuals that are sufficiently similar to themselves in a multidimensional phenotype space. We find the generic maintenance of robust altruism when phenotypes are multidimensional. Selection for altruism is driven by the coevolution of individual strategy and phenotype; altruism levels shape the distribution of individuals in phenotype space. Low donation rates induce a phenotype distribution that renders the population vulnerable to the invasion of altruists, whereas high donation rates prime a population for cheater invasion, resulting in cyclic dynamics that maintain substantial levels of altruism. Altruism is therefore robust to invasion by cheaters in the long term in this model. Furthermore, the shape of the phenotype distribution in high phenotype dimension allows altruists to better resist the invasion by cheaters, and as a result, the amount of donation increases with increasing phenotype dimension. We also generalize previous results in the regime of weak selection to two competing strategies in continuous phenotype space, and show that success under weak selection is crucial to success under strong selection in our model. Our results support the viability of a simple similarity-based mechanism for altruism in a well-mixed population.</p>
The evolution of the Aristolochia pallida complex (Aristolochiaceae) contradicts traditional taxonomy and reflects large-scale glacial refugia in the Mediterranean
<p><span>The taxonomy of the Mediterranean <em>Aristolochia</em> <em>pallida</em> complex has been under debate for several decades with the following species currently recognized: <em>A. pallida, A. lutea, A. nardiana, A. microstoma, A. merxmuelleri, A. croatica </em>and<em> A. castellana</em>. These taxa are distributed from Iberia to Turkey. To reconstruct phylogenetic and biogeographic patterns, we employed cpDNA sequence variation using both non-coding (intron and spacer) and protein-coding regions (i.e. <em>trnK</em> intron, <em>matK</em> gene and <em>trnK</em>-<em>psbA</em> spacer). Our results show that the morphology-based traditional taxonomy was not corroborated by our phylogenetic analyses. <em>Aristolochia pallida, A. lutea, A. nardiana </em>and<em> A. microstoma</em> were not monophyletic. Instead, strong geographic signals were detected. Two major clades, one exclusively occurring in Greece and a second one of pan-Mediterranean distribution, were found. Several subclades distributed in Greece, NW Turkey, Italy, as well as amphi-Adriatic subclades and a subgroup of southern France and Spain were revealed. The distribution areas of these groups are in close vicinity to hypothesised glacial refugia areas in the Mediterranean. According to molecular clock analyses, the diversification of this complex started around 3–3.3 my, before the onset of glaciation cycles, and the further evolution of and within major lineages falls into the Pleistocene. Based on these data, we conclude that the <em>Aristolochia</em> <em>pallida</em> alliance survived in different Mediterranean refugia rarely with low, but often with a high potential for range extension, and a high degree of morphological plasticity.</span></p>
Data from: Workforce effects and the evolution of complex sociality in wild Damaraland mole rats
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Data from: Divergence in coloration and the evolution of reproductive isolation in the Anolis marmoratus species complex
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Data from: The evolution of life cycle complexity in aphids: ecological optimization, or historical constraint?
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Data from: Limits to behavioral evolution: the quantitative genetics of a complex trait under directional selection
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Data from: Hybridization, natural selection and evolution of reproductive isolation: a 25-years survey of an artificial sympatric area between two mosquito sibling species of the Aedes mariae complex
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Data from: The trophic vacuum and the evolution of complex life cycles in trophically-transmitted helminths
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Data from: Evolution of nickel hyperaccumulation and serpentine adaptation in the Alyssum serpyllifolium species complex
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Data from: Strict monandry in the ponerine army ant genus Simopelta suggests that colony size and complexity drive mating system evolution in social insects
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Diversification of a polyploid complex: the biogeography and acoustic communication evolution of North American gray treefrogs throughout the Quaternary
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Intraspecific mating system evolution and its effect on complex male secondary sexual traits: does male-male competition increase selection on size or shape?
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Data from: Is evolution predictable? quantitative genetics under complex genotype-phenotype maps
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.