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286 results for “forest composition”

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zenodo32/100

Figure 3 in Soil oribatid mite (Acari: Oribatida) diversity and composition in semi-deciduous forest fragments in eastern Amazonia and comparison with the surrounding savanna matrix

Figure 3. Whittaker plot of oribatid mites collected in (A) forest fragments and (B) savanna vegetation, near the village of Alter do Chão, in the Brazilian state of Pará, Brazil. Species are organized in order of decreasing relative abundance.

opennotspecifiedAug 2012View details →

dryad32/100

Fire alters diversity, composition and structure of dry tropical forests in the Eastern Ghats

Fire is known to have dramatic consequences on forest ecosystems around the world, and on the livelihoods of forest-dependent people. While the Eastern Ghats of India have high abundances of fire-prone dry tropical forests, little is known about how fire influences the diversity, composition and structure of these communities. Our study aims to fill this knowledge gap by examining the effects of presence and absence of recent fire on tropical dry forest communities within Kadiri watershed, Eastern Ghats. We sampled plots with and without evidence of recent fire in the Eswaramala Reserve Forest in 2008 and 2018. Our results indicate that even though stem density increases in the recently burned areas, species richness is lower because communities become dominated by a few species with fire resistance and tolerance traits, such as thick bark and clonal sprouting. Further, in the presence of fire, the size structure of these fire-tolerant species shifts towards smaller-sized, resprouting individuals. Our results demonstrate that conservation actions are needed to prevent further degradation of forests in this region and the ecosystem services they provide.

opencc-zeroMar 2022View details →

dryad32/100

Road salt inputs alter biogeochemistry but not plant community composition in exurban forested wetlands

Forested wetlands of the temperate north are increasingly exposed to deicing salts, but it is unclear how this may alter wetland biogeochemistry and plant community composition. To investigate potential effects of deicing salts on exurban forested wetlands in southern New England, we employed a multi-site field study to describe spatiotemporal patterns of soil physiochemical, water quality, and vegetation characteristics with distance from road deicing salt source. We surveyed nine road-adjacent, red maple-dominated wetlands to quantify a suite of soil parameters (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), heavy metals, N, P, soil moisture), as well as surface and groundwater salinity, and vegetation communities. With increasing distance from roads along 165-m transects penetrating into each wetland, soil salinity (EC, Na+) decreased, while soil base cation concentrations (Mg2+, Ca2+) increased, likely due to cation exchange (Na+ displacing other base cations). <a name="_Hlk73441264">We also measured foliar chemistry and observed elevated Na+ and reduced Mg2+ of dominant species leaf tissue near roads, suggesting plant nutrient uptake responds to road-salt related changes in soil physicochemical variables. </a>Despite this, we did not detect differences in plant community composition (ground, shrub layers) along road-salt induced soil chemistry gradients in the field, likely because surface and ground water salinities were relatively low (maximum: 0.64 ppt). To determine at which field salinities we could potentially expect changes in wetland plant communities, we conducted a full-factorial, manipulative seed bank experiment to examine how NaCl concentration (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 parts per thousand (ppt)), frequency of salt exposure (pulse, constant) and water level (surface, 2-cm below surface) affected soil seed bank responses. Seedling richness was reduced at salinities exceeding 1 ppt, and seedling density was reduced above 2 ppt, but pulsing tended to alleviate salt-induced reductions in seed bank responses. As salinization of freshwater ecosystems continues to increase, our results suggest that field salinity levels of exurban New England forested wetlands are nearing yet still typically below the threshold for which we expect to see strong plant community responses.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

zenodo32/100

Data set of 1) plant abundance in the herb layer and 2) Shrub and tree composition and structure following forest management along a chronosequence

In each site (1200 m²), three circular plots (400 m²) were established (total of 198 plots). Data presented here for 1) plant of the herb layer and 2) shrub and tree are grouped by site (addition of three plots).  In the herb layer, total plant species identity and abundance (percentage cover) were sampled in each plot using eight circular micro-plots of 4 m². Data were collected in 2016 and 2017, between June and August. To minimize seasonal variability and allow detection of early spring species, plants (identity and abundance) in the herb layer were measured twice (once in June to early-July, and once in late-July to August). For tree, in each plot, species identity, diameter at breast height (DBH, 1.3 m) and locations of each tree > 9.1 cm DBH were determined. In each plot, species identity and DBH of shrubs and small trees (DBH range: 1.1 to 9.1 cm) were measured in three circular micro-plots of 25 m². Data that were related to the shrub-canopy layer included all trees and shrubs with DBH > 1.1 cm. Here, in each site, forest composition and structure is represented by different combinations of DBH classes (1.1-4 cm, 4-9.1 cm, 9.1-20 cm, 20-35 cm, >35 cm) and species. Plant community composition and abundance were assessed in unmanaged forests (sites of old-growth forest > 100 years, with dominant and co-dominant trees older than 200 years, and no obvious sign of past harvesting), and in even-aged and uneven-aged managed forests along a chronosequence (< 5 years, 15 years, 30 years after forest harvesting).

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2021View details →

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FIG. 3 in Dietary composition of four common chiropteran species in a bottomland hardwood forest

FIG. 3. Abundance of insect prey as assessed by black light traps (% frequency in total traps indicated by the black columns), compared with insect consumption (% frequency in pellets indicated by the white columns) by four chiropteran species as assessed using the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD): A) P. subflavus, B) N. humeralis, C) L. seminolus, D) L. borealis. Hardness index [1–5] is indicated for each taxon by the number after the taxon name. Frequencies with the same letter are not significantly different at P <0.05

opennotspecifiedMay 2018View details →

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FIG. 1 in Dietary composition of four common chiropteran species in a bottomland hardwood forest

FIG. 1. Location of Old Sabine Bottom Wildlife Management Area (OSBWMA) on the Sabine River in Smith County, Texas, with area used for bat and insect capture during summer 2013 indicated in dark gray

opennotspecifiedMay 2018View details →

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FIG. 2 in Dietary composition of four common chiropteran species in a bottomland hardwood forest

FIG. 2. Relative abundance (% of total biomass) for insect orders captured in black light traps at OSBWMA, Smith County, Texas during summer 2013. Note that the vertical scale is expanded on the lower panel to show relative abundance for less abundant orders that are difficult to visualize on the top panel where the scale goes up to 90% (and Coleoptera was the only order with > 10% of total biomass)

opennotspecifiedMay 2018View details →

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