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372 results for “functional group”
Data from: Comprehensive identification and clustering of CLV3/ESR-related (CLE) genes in plants finds groups with potentially shared function
CLV3/ESR (CLE) proteins are important signaling peptides in plants. The short CLE peptide (12–13 amino acids) is cleaved from a larger pre-propeptide and functions as an extracellular ligand. The CLE family is large and has resisted attempts at classification because the CLE domain is too short for reliable phylogenetic analysis and the pre-propeptide is too variable. We used a model-based search for CLE domains from 57 plant genomes and used the entire pre-propeptide for comprehensive clustering analysis. In total, 1628 CLE genes were identified in land plants, with none recognizable from green algae. These CLEs form 12 groups within which CLE domains are largely conserved and pre-propeptides can be aligned. Most clusters contain sequences from monocots, eudicots and Amborella trichopoda, with sequences from Picea abies, Selaginella moellendorffii and Physcomitrella patens scattered in some clusters. We easily identified previously known clusters involved in vascular differentiation and nodulation. In addition, we found a number of discrete groups whose function remains poorly characterized. Available data indicate that CLE proteins within a cluster are likely to share function, whereas those from different clusters play at least partially different roles. Our analysis provides a foundation for future evolutionary and functional studies.
Data from: Mouse fitness measures reveal incomplete functional redundancy of Hox paralogous group 1 proteins
Here we assess the fitness consequences of the replacement of the Hoxa1 coding region with its paralog Hoxb1 in mice (Mus musculus) residing in semi-natural enclosures. Previously, this Hoxa1B1 swap was reported as resulting in no discernible embryonic or physiological phenotype (i.e., functionally redundant), despite the 51% amino acid sequence differences between these two Hox proteins. Within heterozygous breeding cages no differences in litter size nor deviations from Mendelian genotypic expectations were observed in the outbred progeny; however, within semi-natural population enclosures mice homozygous for the Hoxa1B1 swap were out-reproduced by controls resulting in the mutant allele being only 87.5% as frequent as the control in offspring born within enclosures. Specifically, Hoxa1B1 founders produced only 77.9% as many offspring relative to controls, as measured by homozygous pups, and a 22.1% deficiency of heterozygous offspring was also observed. These data suggest that Hoxa1 and Hoxb1 have diverged in function through either sub- or neo-functionalization and that the HoxA1 and HoxB1 proteins are not mutually interchangeable when expressed from the Hoxa1 locus. The fitness assays conducted under naturalistic conditions in this study have provided an ultimate-level assessment of the postulated equivalence of competing alleles. Characterization of these differences has provided greater understanding of the forces shaping the maintenance and diversifications of Hox genes as well as other paralogous genes. This fitness assay approach can be applied to any genetic manipulation and often provides the most sensitive way to detect functional differences.
FIGURE 4. Discriminant function analysis depicting morphological differentiation within the C. vittatus-hansenae group. Close grey circle indicates C. vittatus Group II. Open circle denotes C. hansenae Group I. Closed black circle represents C. hansenae Group II in Re-evaluating the taxonomic status of Chiromantis in Thailand using multiple lines of evidence (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae)
FIGURE 4. Discriminant function analysis depicting morphological differentiation within the C. vittatus-hansenae group. Close grey circle indicates C. vittatus Group II. Open circle denotes C. hansenae Group I. Closed black circle represents C. hansenae Group II.
Fig. 23. Principal Components Analysis plot for 23 and 25 in Two new species of Vaejovis (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) belonging to the mexicanus group from Aguascalientes, Mexico, with comments on the homology and function of the hemispermatophore
Fig. 23. Principal Components Analysis plot for 23 and 25 measurements taken from males and females, respectively. First and second PCA for males were body size and metasoma length (97% of variance explained), and for females it was patella and carapace lengths (92% of variance explained) [upper plate]. The variable vector dimensions that separate the principal components of males and females are shown in the lower plate.
Fig. 22 in Two new species of Vaejovis (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) belonging to the mexicanus group from Aguascalientes, Mexico, with comments on the homology and function of the hemispermatophore
Fig. 22. Map of Central Mexico and Aguascalientes state showing the distribution of Vaejovis aguazarca Díaz-Plascencia and Gonz´alez-Santill´an sp. nov. (gray circles), Vaejovis aquascalentensis Ch´avez-Samayoa and Gonz´alez-Santill´an sp. nov. (red diamonds), Vaejovis tenamaztlei Contreras-F´elix, Francke and Bryson, 2015 (green stars), Vaejovis coalcoman Contreras-F´elix and Francke 2014 (orange square), and Vaejovis dugesi Pocock, 1902 (blue triangle). Mountain ranges are indicated as: Sierra Fria (1), Sierra del Laurel (2) and Juan el Grande foothills (3). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 21 in Two new species of Vaejovis (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) belonging to the mexicanus group from Aguascalientes, Mexico, with comments on the homology and function of the hemispermatophore
Fig. 21. Pedipalp chela of Vaejovis tenamaztlei Contreras-Felix´, Francke and Bryson, 2015 under UV light (6). A. Dorsal, B. Retrolateral, C. Ventral, and D. Prolateral aspects.
Fig. 20 in Two new species of Vaejovis (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) belonging to the mexicanus group from Aguascalientes, Mexico, with comments on the homology and function of the hemispermatophore
Fig. 20. Pedipalp patella of Vaejovis tenamaztlei Contreras-F´elix, Francke and Bryson, 2015 under UV light (6). A. Dorsal, B. Retrolateral, C. Ventral, and D. Prolateral aspects.
Fig. 16 in Two new species of Vaejovis (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) belonging to the mexicanus group from Aguascalientes, Mexico, with comments on the homology and function of the hemispermatophore
Fig. 16. Pedipalp femur of Vaejovis aquascalentensis Ch´avez-Samayoa and Gonz´alez-Santill´an sp. nov. under UV light (6). A. Dorsal, B. Retrolateral, C. Ventral, and D. Prolateral aspects.
Fig. 19 in Two new species of Vaejovis (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) belonging to the mexicanus group from Aguascalientes, Mexico, with comments on the homology and function of the hemispermatophore
Fig. 19. Pedipalp femur of Vaejovis tenamaztlei Contreras-Felix´, Francke and Bryson, 2015 under UV light (6). A. Dorsal, B. Retrolateral, C. Ventral, and D. Prolateral aspects.
Fig. 17 in Two new species of Vaejovis (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) belonging to the mexicanus group from Aguascalientes, Mexico, with comments on the homology and function of the hemispermatophore
Fig. 17. Pedipalp patella of Vaejovis aquascalentensis Ch´avez-Samayoa and Gonz´alez-Santill´an sp. nov. under UV light (6). A. Dorsal, B. Retrolateral, C. Ventral, and D. Prolateral aspects.
Fig. 15 in Two new species of Vaejovis (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) belonging to the mexicanus group from Aguascalientes, Mexico, with comments on the homology and function of the hemispermatophore
Fig. 15. Vaejovis aquascalentensis Ch´avez-Samayoa and Gonz´alez-Santill´an sp. nov., habitus. A, B 6, C, D. ♀ (CNAN-S4005). A, C. Dorsal aspect. B, D. Ventral aspect. Scale bar =5 mm.
Fig. 11 in Two new species of Vaejovis (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) belonging to the mexicanus group from Aguascalientes, Mexico, with comments on the homology and function of the hemispermatophore
Fig. 11. Leg, basitarsal and telotarsal armature under UV light (6). Dorsal (left) and Ventral (right) aspects. A. Vaejovis aguazarca Díaz-Plascencia and Gonz´alezSantill´an sp. nov. B. Vaejovis aquascalentensis Ch´avez-Samayoa and Gonz´alez-Santill´an sp. nov. C. Vaejovis tenamaztlei Contreras-F´elix, Francke and Bryson, 2015.
Fig. 12 in Two new species of Vaejovis (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) belonging to the mexicanus group from Aguascalientes, Mexico, with comments on the homology and function of the hemispermatophore
Fig. 12. Sternite VII ventral surface ornamentation under UV light (6). A. Vaejovis aguazarca Díaz-Plascencia and Gonz´alez-Santill´an sp. nov. B. Vaejovis aquascalentensis Ch´avez-Samayoa and Gonz´alez-Santill´an sp. nov. C. Vaejovis tenamaztlei Contreras-F´elix, Francke and Bryson, 2015.
Fig. 14 in Two new species of Vaejovis (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) belonging to the mexicanus group from Aguascalientes, Mexico, with comments on the homology and function of the hemispermatophore
Fig. 14. Telson dorsal (left) and lateral (right) aspects under UV light (6). A. Vaejovis aguazarca Díaz-Plascencia and Gonz´alez-Santill´an sp. nov. B. Vaejovis aquascalentensis Ch´avez-Samayoa and Gonz´alez-Santill´an sp. nov. C. Vaejovis tenamaztlei Contreras-F´elix, Francke and Bryson, 2015.
Fig. 13. Metasomal segments I-IV in Two new species of Vaejovis (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) belonging to the mexicanus group from Aguascalientes, Mexico, with comments on the homology and function of the hemispermatophore
Fig. 13. Metasomal segments I-IV under UV light (6). A., D., G. Dorsal, B., E., H. Lateral, and C., F., I. Ventral aspects. A-C. Vaejovis aguazarca Díaz-Plascencia and Gonz´alez-Santill´an sp. nov. D-F. Vaejovis aquascalentensis Ch´avez-Samayoa and Gonz´alez-Santill´an sp. nov. G-I. Vaejovis tenamaztlei Contreras-F´elix, Francke and Bryson, 2015.
Fig. 10 in Two new species of Vaejovis (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) belonging to the mexicanus group from Aguascalientes, Mexico, with comments on the homology and function of the hemispermatophore
Fig. 10. Pedipalp chela, fixed (left) and movable (right) fingers under UV light (6). A. Vaejovis aguazarca Díaz-Plascencia and Gonz´alez-Santill´an sp. nov. B. Vaejovis aquascalentensis Ch´avez-Samayoa and Gonz´alez-Santill´an sp. nov. C. Vaejovis tenamaztlei Contreras-F´elix, Francke and Bryson, 2015.
Fig. 9 in Two new species of Vaejovis (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) belonging to the mexicanus group from Aguascalientes, Mexico, with comments on the homology and function of the hemispermatophore
Fig. 9. Pedipalp chela of Vaejovis aguazarca Díaz-Plascencia and Gonz´alezSantill´an sp. nov. under UV light (6). A. Dorsal, B. Retrolateral, C. Ventral, and D. Prolateral aspects.
Fig. 3 in Two new species of Vaejovis (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) belonging to the mexicanus group from Aguascalientes, Mexico, with comments on the homology and function of the hemispermatophore
Fig. 3. Vaejovis aguazarca Díaz-Plascencia and Gonz´alez-Santill´an sp. nov., habitus. A, B 6, C, D. ♀ (CNAN-S4005). A, C. Dorsal aspect. B, D. Ventral aspect. Scale bar =5 mm.
Fig. 4 in Two new species of Vaejovis (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) belonging to the mexicanus group from Aguascalientes, Mexico, with comments on the homology and function of the hemispermatophore
Fig. 4. Chelicerae dorsal and ventral aspects under UV light (6). A. Vaejovis aguazarca Díaz-Plascencia and´Gonzalez-Santillan´sp. nov. B. Vaejovis aquascalentensis Ch´avez-Samayoa and Gonz´alez-Santill´an sp. nov. C. Vaejovis tenamaztlei Contreras-F´elix, Francke and Bryson, 2015.
Fig. 7 in Two new species of Vaejovis (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) belonging to the mexicanus group from Aguascalientes, Mexico, with comments on the homology and function of the hemispermatophore
Fig. 7. Pedipalp femur of Vaejovis aguazarca Díaz-Plascencia and Gonz´alezSantill´an sp. nov. under UV light (6). A. Dorsal, B. Retrolateral, C. Ventral, and D. Prolateral aspects.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.