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774 results for “glacier”
Chemical and sediment characteristics of ice cores collected from the ablation zones of Canada, Commonwealth, Howard, Hughes, and Seuss Glaciers in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica from 2015 to 2019
This data package contains chemical and sediment characteristics of ice cores collected from the ablation zones of five glaciers in Taylor Valley, located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Antarctica, during the 2015-16, 2016-17, 2017-18, and 2018-19 austral summers. Specifically, shallow ice cores were collected from the ablation zones of Hughes, Howard, Seuss, Commonwealth, and Canada Glaciers in order to characterize the spatial and temporal evolution of ice chemistry and sediment concentration across Taylor Valley. Cores were collected in triplicate from each sampling location and measured 79 mm in diameter and up to 1 m in depth. Cores were sectioned in 5 cm (0-25 cm depth) and 25 cm increments (25 cm to the maximum depth of the core) prior to analyzing chemical and sediment characteristics.
Chemical characteristics of supraglacial stream water on Canada Glacier, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica during the 2015-2016 austral summer
This data package contains chemical characteristics of water samples collected along four supraglacial streams on Canada Glacier, located in Taylor Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Samples were collected during the 2015-16 and 2016-17 austral summers in order to characterize the spatial and temporal evolution of glacial meltwater as it travels over and off Canada Glacier. Samples from the 2015-16 austral summer have been fully analyzed and those data are included here. Samples from the 2016-17 austral summer have been stored frozen since collection and have not been analyzed. This package may be amended in the future if analysis of the 2016-17 samples occurs.
Chemical characteristics of terminal waterfalls along the Canada and Suess Glaciers in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica in January of 2018 and 2019
This data package contains chemical and other relevant characteristics for several waterfalls situated along the terminus of two glaciers in Taylor Valley, located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Antarctica, during the 2017-18 and 2018-19 austral summers. Specifically, water samples were collected from terminal waterfalls along Canada and Seuss Glaciers as part of a larger study characterizing the geochemical evolution of glacier ice to meltwater. Samples were collected from just above the base of each waterfall and processed using similar protocols developed and used by the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research program.
Chemical characteristics of snow in the ablation zone of Canada Glacier in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica during the 2016-2017 austral summer
This data package contains chemical characteristics of snow in the ablation zone of Canada Glacier, located in Taylor Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica during the 2016-17 austral summer. Specifically, snow samples were collected from the ablation zones of Canada and Commonwealth Glaciers to characterize the chemistry of recent snowfall in the ablation zones of these glaciers. Samples were collected in triplicate near mass balance stakes on the same date ice cores were collected as part of a larger study characterizing the spatial and temporal geochemical evolution of glacial meltwater. A subset of snow samples collected from Canada Glacier have been analyzed and are included here. This package may be amended in the future if analysis of the remaining samples from both Canada and Commonwealth Glaciers occurs.
McMurdo Dry Valleys Taylor Glacier Blood Falls Geomicrobiology
Blood Falls, a subglacial discharge from the Taylor Glacier, Antarctica provides an example of the diverse physical and chemical habitats available for life in the polar desert of the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Geochemical analysis shows that Blood Falls outflow resembles concentrated seawater remnant from the Pliocene intrusion of marine waters combined with products of weathering. The result is an iron-rich, salty seep at the terminus of Taylor Glacier, which is subject to episodic releases into permanently ice-covered Lake Bonney. Blood Falls influences the geochemistry of Lake Bonney, and provides organic carbon and viable microbes to the lake system. Presented here is the first data on the geobiology of Blood Falls, and relate it to the evolutionary history of this unique environment. The novel geological evolution of this subglacial environment makes Blood Falls an important site for the study of metabolic strategies in subglacial environments, and the impact of subglacial efflux on associated lake ecosystems.
McMurdo Dry Valleys Glacier melt modeling: Air Temperature 1996-2011
This is the data and metatada for modeled Air Temperature - part of six modeled parameters that comprise the Taylor Valley Galcier Melt modeling Data contained and described in this document correspond to the physically-based surface energy balance model for the glaciers of Taylor Valley developed by the dataset owners. The spatial variability in ablation (ice melt and sublimation), runoff, and climate sensitivity of the glaciers was modeled using 16 years of meteorological and surface mass balance (the net mass gain or loss of ice on the surface of the glacier) observations collected in Taylor Valley (see figure).  An unusual aspect of the model is the inclusion of transmission of solar radiation into the ice and subsequent drainage of some subsurface melt .  Melt model was applied to the ablation zones of the glaciers of Taylor Valley, identified by colored areas. Mass balance stakes, meteorological stations, and stream gages shown for reference. This dataset package is part of a 6-pack multi-set, which you can find at http://mcmlter.org The input files, parameters and examples are found in this package: http://mcmlter.org/content/glacier-melt-modeling-inputs-and-example-m-file-reader
McMurdo Dry Valleys Glacier melt modeling: Inputs and example m-file reader
This is the data and metatada for the micromet inputs - the parameter and support data to produce six modeled parameters that comprise the Taylor Valley Galcier Melt modeling datasets Data contained and described in this document correspond to the physically-based surface energy balance model for the glaciers of Taylor Valley developed by the dataset owners. The spatial variability in ablation (ice melt and sublimation), runoff, and climate sensitivity of the glaciers was modeled using 16 years of meteorological and surface mass balance (the net mass gain or loss of ice on the surface of the glacier) observations collected in Taylor Valley (see figure).  An unusual aspect of the model is the inclusion of transmission of solar radiation into the ice and subsequent drainage of some subsurface melt .  Melt model was applied to the ablation zones of the glaciers of Taylor Valley, identified by colored areas. Mass balance stakes, meteorological stations, and stream gages shown for reference. This dataset package includes input files necessary to run the simulations, see the companion output dataset packages to re-use micromet data. In here you will find: The 250m Digital Elevation Model (DEIM) used in the modeling process as ascii - spotdem250.txt, by Matthew Hoffman The landcover data used in the modeling process as ascii - tv_landcover_met.txt -by Matthew Hoffman. The locations of met stations used to inform the MicroMet model can be found in met_station_locations.xlsx (Excel format) An example MATLAB script for visualizing MicroMet generated met data grids is also included, here. grid_viz_example.m The parameter file used to run MicroMet through snowmodel is snowmodel.par.Â
McMurdo Dry Valleys Glacier melt modeling: Wind Speed 1996-2011
This is the data and metatada for modeled Wind Speed - part of six modeled parameters that comprise the Taylor Valley Galcier Melt modeling Data contained and described in this document correspond to the physically-based surface energy balance model for the glaciers of Taylor Valley developed by the dataset owners. The spatial variability in ablation (ice melt and sublimation), runoff, and climate sensitivity of the glaciers was modeled using 16 years of meteorological and surface mass balance (the net mass gain or loss of ice on the surface of the glacier) observations collected in Taylor Valley (see figure).  An unusual aspect of the model is the inclusion of transmission of solar radiation into the ice and subsequent drainage of some subsurface melt .  Melt model was applied to the ablation zones of the glaciers of Taylor Valley, identified by colored areas. Mass balance stakes, meteorological stations, and stream gages shown for reference. This dataset package is part of a 6-pack multi-set, which you can find at http://mcmlter.org The input files, parameters and examples are found in this package: http://mcmlter.org/content/glacier-melt-modeling-inputs-and-example-m-file-reader
Modeled Ice thickness Distribution of Glaciers in Chandra Basin, Western Himalayas, India
<p>The glacier ice thickness distribution data provided here was generated using an optimally parameterized GlabTop2_IITB [Glacier Bed Topography Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB) version] model with high-resolution DEM as an input. This research work is under publication in the Journal of Mountain Science. The study reports modeled ice thickness distribution and total ice volume of selected 65 glaciers (>0.5 km<sup>2</sup>) of Chandra basin, located in Western Himalayas. </p> <p> </p>
Potential Sites for Future Lake Formation in Glaciers of Chandra Basin, Western Himalayas, India
<p>The disappearance of mountain glaciers and the formation or expansion of glacial lakes are amongst the most distinguishable and dynamic impacts of climate warming in the Himalayas. The given dataset provides the potential sites for future lake formation over 65 study glaciers in the Chandra basin of the western Himalayas.</p>
Bowdoin Glacier input files HiDEM
<p>This dataset contains the input files for HiDEM simulations presented in the article "Numerical modelling shows increased fracturing due to melt-undercutting prior to major calving at Bowdoin Glacier", ECH van Dongen, JA Åström, G Jouvet, J Todd, DI Benn, M Funk, Frontiers in Earth Sciences.</p> <p>GeometryControl.dat contains the input geometry. Andrea Walter conducted the UAV survey for surface elevation data. Izumi Asaji and Shin Sugiyama provided bed elevation data.</p> <p>inpHiDEM.dat contains the values of model parameters.</p> <p>The code of HiDEM is available on <a href="http://github.com/joeatodd/HiDEM">GitHub</a>.</p>
Supraglacial debris temperature measurements from Ngozumpa Glacier, Nepal (2001–2002)
<p>Supraglacial debris temperature measurements from a site 1.5 km from the terminus of Ngozumpa Glacier, Nepal, collected between 13 November 2001 and 12 October 2002. Debris temperatures were measured every 30 minutes at six thermistors within the debris layer at depths of 0.0 m, 0.22 m, 0.33 m, 0.45 m, 0.65 m and 0.77 m from the debris surface. The estimated thickness of the debris layer at this site was 2.20 m.</p> <p>Measurements were made using Gemini thermistors and Tinytag Plus TGP-0073 loggers with a stated accuracy of ±0.3°C at 0°C.</p> <p>These data were first presented in: Nicholson L and Benn DI (2013) Properties of natural supraglacial debris in relation to modelling sub‐debris ice ablation. <em>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms</em> 38(5), 490–501 (doi:10.1002/esp.3299)</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <div class="wayback1996-RTmodal"> <div> </div> <div> </div> × <div> </div> <div> </div> <div> </div> </div>
Shortwave surface albedo of glaciers in the central Chilean Andes
<p>Data used to analyse glacier surface albedo change in the central Chilean Andes for the manuscript:</p> <p>Glacier albedo reduction and drought effects in the extratropical Andes, 1986-2020</p> <p>Thomas E. Shaw1, Genesis Ulloa2, David Farías-Barahona3, Rodrigo Fernandez2, Jose Lattus2, James McPhee1,4</p> <p>1 Advanced Mining Technology Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile<br> 2 Department of Geology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile<br> 3 Institute für Geographie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany<br> 4 Department of Civil Engineering, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile</p> <p>Corresponding author: Thomas E. Shaw (thomas.shaw@amtc.uchile.cl)<br> Keywords: Albedo, Andes, Glacier, Drought, Remote sensing, Climate</p> <p>%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%</p> <p>Sub-folders:<br> <strong> [Albedo]:</strong><br> '<strong>Albedo_ChileanGlaciers_DATA.mat'</strong> = matlab file that contains a structure of all information for analyses. <br> 'DATA' structure contains: <br> NAME = Glacier name<br> ALBEDO = 3D albedo matrices for each named glacier<br> DEM = ASTER DEM of same resolution + size<br> DEMtif = as above, but within a georeferenced GRIDobj frame read by TopoToolbox<br> CLASS = classification as 0 (no data), 1 (ice) or 2 (snow)<br> OTSUindex = The histogram separation value per year (per glacier) based upon Otsu inter-class variance<br> SHADOW = Shadowed pixels based upon solar geometry<br> SOLAR_AZI = Solar Azimuth per year taken from Landsat metadata<br> SOLAR_ELE = Solar Elevation per year taken from Landsat metadata<br> NIR = The Near-Infrared band of Landsat images for the Osu classification<br> SLOPE = The calculated slope angle based upon the DEM (GRIDobj format)</p> <p><br> 'SHAPE' is an 18*1 structure of the imported shapefiles in matlab format. Can be plotted using 'mapshow'</p> <p> <strong>[Shapefiles]:</strong><br> '<strong>CentralChileGlaciers.shp</strong>' = Shapefile of glacier boundaries delineated based upon April 2020 3 m PlanetScope imagery.</p> <p><br> <strong>[Climate]:</strong><br> '<strong>Ta_Precip_HY.mat</strong>' = Mean Monthly Air temperature (°C) and monthly total precipitation (mm) at long term DGA weather stations for each Hydrological year (April-March)<br> 'TAmonth_HY' = A matrix of 35 x 12 mean month air temperatures (°C) where rows (x35) = the hydrological year starting 1985-1986 and columns (x12) = the months of the hydrological year so that the first column is April and the final column is March of the following year<br> 'PPmonth_HY' = As above but a 3D matrix of 35 x 12 x 3 for monthly sums of precipitation (mm). The rows and columns are defined above and the third dimension are the stations Riecillos (32.92°S, 70.35°W ,1290 m a.s.l.), Embalse Yeso (33.67°S, 70.08°W, 2475 m a.s.l.) and Rengo (34.19°S, 70.75°W, 515 m a.s.l.), respectively.<br> <br> </p> <p><br> <br> </p>
Supraglacial debris thickness measurements from Miage Glacier, Italy
<p>Two datasets containing 245 point measurements of supraglacial debris thickness on Miage Glacier, Italy. Measurements were made by manual excavation in 2006 and 2007 by Lesley Foster and in 2018 by Rebecca Stewart. </p> <p>The datasets are included here in two formats; (1) a delimited text file, and (2) a .kmz file for Google Earth. The data in each file type are identical. A Google Earth map showing an overview of the data coverage is also included as a jpg.</p> <p>The debris thickness to the ice surface was measured as the distance to the ice from a horizontal reference placed on the unmodified surrounding surface bridging the excavation. Debris thickness data are reported to the nearest 0.01 m.</p> <p>Most of the measurements made in 2007 were recorded along transects of the glacier surface. Each 100-m transect has been given the same grid reference for identification of these data.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>×</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>×</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <div class="wayback1996-RTmodal"> <div> </div> <div> </div> × <div> </div> <div> </div> <div> </div> </div>
Morphological and phylogenetic data confirm the identity of Prasiola fluviatilis (Prasiolales, Trebouxiophyceae) from glacier streams in the Tianshan Mountains, China
<p>rbcL and tufA alignments used for the phylogenetic analyses.</p> <p>Genbank accession numbers of new sequences of Prasiola fluviatilis voucher XJ20170806: MT846163 (rbcL), MT846164 (<em>tuf</em>A).</p> <p>Samples deposited in the herbarium of the Laboratory of Algae and Environment, Biology Department, Shanghai Normal University (SHTU), Shanghai, China.</p> <p>Abstract of publication: The green alga <em>Prasiola fluviatilis</em> (Sommerfelt) Areschoug ex Lagerstedt occurs in cold lotic environments. The species has a mainly circumarctic distribution, but has also been reported from glacier areas in lower latitude regions in both hemispheres. It was reported from China on a single occasion in the first half of the 20<sup>th</sup> century, but without description, illustrations or voucher specimens the identity of this record cannot be verified. Here we confirm the presence of <em>P. fluviatilis</em> in the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang Province, China based on morphological features, habitat characteristics, and plastid <em>rbc</em>L and <em>tuf</em>A gene sequences. The biogeographic distribution of <em>P. fluviatilis</em> and its phylogenetic relationship with other terrestrial and freshwater <em>Prasiola</em> species are discussed.</p>
Sliding velocity, water discharge and basal shear stress time series at Argentière Glacier
<p>The data set contains all data presented in:</p> <p>Gimbert, F., Gilbert, A., Gagliardini, O., Vincent, C., & Moreau, L. (2021). Do Existing Theories Explain Seasonal to Multi-Decadal Changes in Glacier Basal Sliding Speed? <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em>, <em>48</em>(15), e2021GL092858. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL092858">https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL092858</a></p> <p>and also in:</p> <p>Gilbert, A., Gimbert, F., Thøgersen, K., Schuler, T. V., & Kääb, A. (2022). A Consistent Framework for Coupling Basal Friction with Subglacial Hydrology on Hard-bedded Glaciers. <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em>, <em>49</em>, e2021GL097507. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL097507">https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL097507</a></p> <p>Files Description:</p> <p>==================================<br> SlidingVelocities1989_2019.csv :<br> ==================================</p> <p>Contains daily values of recorded sliding velocities at the wheel.</p> <p>Column 1 = Date<br> Column 2 = Daily Values (cm/day)</p> <p>================================<br> BasalShearStress1980_2019.csv :<br> ================================</p> <p>Contains daily values of inferred basal shear stress at the wheel.</p> <p>Column 1 = Date<br> Column 2 = Daily Values (MPa)</p> <p>================================<br> WaterDischarge1985_2019.csv :<br> ================================</p> <p>Contains daily values of recorded water discharge at the glacier outlet</p> <p>Column 1 = Date<br> Column 2 = Daily Values (m3/s)</p>
Glacier Inventories in the Chhombo Chhu Watershed of Tista basin, Sikkim Himalaya, India
<p>Multi-temporal inventory of glaciers compiled for the Chhombo Chhu Watershed (CCW) of Tista basin, Sikkim Himalaya, India. The CCW consists of 74 glaciers (>0.02 km<sup>2</sup>) with a mean glacier size of 0.61 km<sup>2</sup>. Change analysis based on the glaciers outlines obtained from declassified hexagon KH-9 (1975), Landsat 5 TM (1989), Landsat 7 ETM+ (2000), Landsat 5 TM (2010) and Sentinel 2A (2018). The total glacier area in 1975 was 62.6 ±0.7 km<sup>2</sup>; by 2018 the glacier area had decreased to 44.8 ± 1.5 km<sup>2</sup>, an area loss of 17.9 ± 1.7 km<sup>2</sup> (0.42 ± 0.04 km<sup>2 </sup>a<sup>–1</sup>). Debris free glaciers exhibit more area loss by 11.8 ± 1.2 km<sup>2</sup> (0.27 ± 0.03 km<sup>2 </sup>a<sup>–1</sup>) followed by partially debris-covered (5.0 ± 0.4 km<sup>2</sup> or 0.12 ± 0.01 km<sup>2 </sup>a<sup>–1</sup>) and maximum debris-covered (1.0 ± 0.1 km<sup>2</sup> or –0.02 ± 0.002 km<sup>2 </sup>a<sup>–1</sup>) glaciers. The quantum of glacier area loss in the CCW of Sikkim Himalaya took its pace during 2000–2010 (0.62 ± 0.5 km<sup>2 </sup>a<sup>–1</sup>) and 2010–2018 (0.77 ± 0.6 km<sup>2 </sup>a<sup>–1</sup>) timeframes. Field investigations of selected glaciers and climatic records also support the trend in glacier recession in the CCW, as a result of significant increase in temperature trend and more or less static precipitation since 1995. Glacier retreat rates in the CCW were almost similar to the Changme Khangpu basin and other selected glaciers in Sikkim Himalaya. Thus, this glacier inventory and area change analysis will provide valuable information to the glaciological and hydrological community for the future modeling and planning of the water resources in Sikkim state of Eastern Himalaya.</p>
Pine Island Glacier ice shelf ocean cavity self-consistent spatial discretization mesh
<p>Pine Island Glacier ice shelf ocean cavity<br> ==========================================</p> <p>An unstructured mesh spatial discretisation of the Pine Island Glacier ice shelf ocean cavity.</p> <p>This is stored in an unstructured VTU file defined by the visualisation toolkit VTK [2].</p> <p>A state PVSM file for Paraview [3] is also provided to reproduce visualisations shown in [1]. Note that Paraview requires absolute pathnames, so it may be necessary to edit file references to the VTU file in this state file.</p> <p>Files<br> -----</p> <p>- PineIslandGlacierIceShelfOceanCavity.vtu<br> - PineIslandGlacierIceShelfOceanCavity_grid_quality_analysis.pvsm</p> <p>Author<br> ------</p> <p>- Dr Adam S. Candy <a.s.candy@tudelft.nl>, <candy@cantab.net><br> - Technische Universiteit Delft<br> - Imperial College London</p> <p>References<br> ----------</p> <p>[1] Candy, A.S., 2016. A consistent approach to unstructured mesh generation for geophysical models. In review. Preprint available at https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.08491.</p> <p>[2] The Visualization Toolkit (VTK), version 5.10.1. URL: http://www.vtk.org.</p> <p>[3] Paraview, version 4.3.1. https://www.paraview.org.</p>
Vertical land motion due to present-day ice loss from Greenland's and Canada's peripheral glaciers
<p>Greenland's bedrock responds to the ongoing loss of ice mass with an elastic vertical land motion (VLM) that is measured by Greenland's GNSS Network (GNET). The measured VLM also contains other contributions, including the long-term viscoelastic response of the Earth to previous deglaciation.</p> <p>Greenland's ice sheet (GrIS) is producing the most significant contribution to the total VLM. The contribution of peripheral glaciers (PGs) from both Greenland (GrPGs) and Arctic Canada (CanPGs) has not been carefully accounted for in the GNSS time series analysis. This is a significant concern, since GNET stations are often closer to PGs than to the ice sheet. </p> <p>We find that PGs produce significant elastic rebound, especially in North and East Greenland. Across these regions, the PGs result in up to 37% of the elastic rebound. For a few stations in the North, the VLM from PGs is larger than the GrIS one.</p>
COSIPY distributed simulations of Mera Glacier mass and energy balance (20161101-20201101)
<p>The four netCDF files contain outputs from COSIPY model (Sauter et al., 2020) for Mera Glacier for the period 20161101 to 20201101. The model is run on a 0.003°*0.003° grid, and forced with meteological variables collected locally and distributed with constant gradients. The "constants.py" is the python file that contains the specific model settings.</p>
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