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FIGURE 2 in A new species and a new natural hybrid of Laelia (Orchidaceae) from Oaxaca, Mexico
FIGURE 2. Taxa of Laelia discussed in the text. A–C. Laelia superbiens (Chiapas, Miller s.n., AMO). A. Flower. B. Close-up of labellum and column. C. Ventral view of column apex. D–F. Laelia halbingeriana (Oaxaca; D–E from Salazar et al. 6695; F from Jones s.n.). D. Flower. E. Close-up of labellum and column. F. Ventral view of the column apex. G. Flowers of Laelia anceps (Oaxaca, Salazar et al. 6685). H. Flower of Laelia ×oaxacana (Oaxaca, Lau sub Hágsater 9359). Photographers: Eric Hágsater (A, B); Edward W. Greenwood (C, F); Gerardo A. Salazar (D, E, G); Rolando Jiménez-Machorro (H).
Fitness consequences of hybridization in a predominantly selfing species: insights into the role of dominance and epistatic incompatibilities
<p>Studying the consequences of hybridization on plant performance is insightful to understand the adaptive potential of populations, notably at local scales. Due to reduced effective recombination, predominantly selfing species are organized in highly homozygous multi-locus-genotypes (or lines) that accumulate genetic differentiation both among- and within-populations. This high level of homozygosity facilitates the dissection of the genetic basis of hybrid performance in highly selfing species, which gives insights into the mechanisms of reproductive isolation between lines. Here, we explored the fitness consequences of hybridization events between natural inbred lines of the predominantly selfing species Medicago truncatula, at both within- and among-populations scales. We found that hybridization has opposite effects pending on studied fitness proxies, with dry mass showing heterosis, and seed production showing outbreeding depression. Although we found significant patterns of heterosis and outbreeding depression, they did not differ significantly for within- compared to among-population crosses. Family-based analyses allowed us to determine that hybrid differentiation was mostly due to dominance and epistasis. Dominance and/or dominant epistatic interactions increased dry mass, while decreasing seed production, and recessive epistatic interactions mostly had a positive effect on both fitness proxies. Our results illustrate how genetic incompatibilities can accumulate at a very local scale among multi-locus-genotypes, and how non-additive genetic effects contributes to heterosis and outbreeding depression.</p>
FIGURE 2 in Spiranthes bightensis (Orchidaceae), a New and Rare Cryptic Hybrid Species Endemic to the U. S. Mid-Atlantic Coast
FIGURE 2. Morphospace visualization based on two foliar and four floral characters (Table 1): S. bightensis (n = 19, closed circles), S. cernua (n = 16, open circles), S. odorata (n = 10, triangles).
FIGURE 5 in Spiranthes bightensis (Orchidaceae), a New and Rare Cryptic Hybrid Species Endemic to the U. S. Mid-Atlantic Coast
FIGURE 5. Distribution map of S. bightensis, highlighting population loss over time. A. Collections made pre-1890's–present (the hypothesized original distribution of S. bightensis). B. 1900–present. C. 1950–present. D. 2000–present. Prepared by Elizabeth Gjieli, NYBG GIS Lab.
FIGURE 3 in Spiranthes bightensis (Orchidaceae), a New and Rare Cryptic Hybrid Species Endemic to the U. S. Mid-Atlantic Coast
FIGURE 3. Line drawing of S. bightensis. A. Habit and leaf detail. B. Inflorescence. C. Inflorescence detail. D. Floral bract and flower. E–M. Dissected flower. E. Dorsal sepal. F. Dorsal petal. G. Lateral sepal. H. Labellum, flattened. I. Labellum and column in natural position. J. Column, profile view. K. Column, ventral and dorsal view. L. Anther. M. Pollinia. Drawn from Austin s.n. barcode 01392822 (NY) and Pace 608 (NY) by Bobbi Angell.
FIGURE 1 in Spiranthes bightensis (Orchidaceae), a New and Rare Cryptic Hybrid Species Endemic to the U. S. Mid-Atlantic Coast
FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic networks from NeighborNet analysis of the S. cernua species complex plus S. odorata; the position of species is indicated by ovals. A. Combined nuclear dataset (nrITS, ACO, Xdh); inset focuses on the relationships between S. cernua s.s. and S. bightensis, denoting the position of individual samples. B. Combined chloroplast dataset (matK, ndhJ, trnL intron, trnS-fM, ycf1 3'); inset focuses on the relationships between S. cernua s.s. and S. bightensis, denoting the position of individual samples (all samples are S. cernua s.s. unless otherwise indicated).
Species divergence and repeated ancient hybridization in a Sulawesian lake system
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>An increasing volume of empirical studies demonstrated that hybridization between distant lineages may have promoted speciation in various taxa. However, the timing, extent, and direction of introgressive hybridization remain unknown in many cases. Here, we report a possible case in which repeated hybridization promoted divergence of <i>Oryzias</i> ricefishes (Adrianichthyidae) on Sulawesi, an island of Wallacea. Four <i>Oryzias</i> species are endemic to the Malili Lake system in central Sulawesi, which is composed of five tectonic lakes; of these, one lake is inhabited by two species. Morphological and population genomic analyses of genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms revealed that these two sympatric species are phylogenetically sister to but substantially reproductively isolated from each other. Analyses of admixture and comparison of demographic models revealed that the two sympatric species experienced several substantial introgressions from outgroup populations that probably occurred soon after they had secondary contact with each other in the lake. However, the ratio of migrants from the outgroups was estimated to be different between the two species, which is consistent with the hypothesis that these introgressions aided their divergence or prevented them from forming a hybrid swarm. Repeated lake fragmentations and fusions may have promoted diversification of this freshwater fish species complex that is endemic to this ancient lake system.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
FIGURE 1 in Citrus × pubinervia, a new natural hybrid species from central China
FIGURE 1. Main morphological characters of C. × pubinervia and its related species: C. trifoliata A. Fruits, A. Leaves; C. × polytrifolia 1 2 B. Fruits, B. Leaves; C. × pubinervia. C. Fruits, C. Leaves, C. Anatomy of flowers, C. Flowering branch, C. Cross section of young 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 fruit.
FIGURE 2 in Citrus × pubinervia, a new natural hybrid species from central China
FIGURE 2. Citrus × pubinervia D. G. Zhang & Z. H. Xiang, Y. Wu. A. Flowering branch, B. Stamens and pistil, C. A petal, D. Fruit and its cross section (drawing by Jianing Yang).
FIGURE. Hypothetical relationships within Ammoglochin section; modified, after Parent (1974). Green—parental species; red— putative stabilised hybrids. in Carex section Ammoglochin (Cyperaceae) in Poland
FIGURE. Hypothetical relationships within Ammoglochin section; modified, after Parent (1974). Green—parental species; red— putative stabilised hybrids.
Figure 2 in Hybrid zone genomics supports candidate species in Iberian Alytes obstetricans
Figure 2. Cline analyses across the almogavarii/pertinax hybrid zone. (A) Cline fitting from a northeast-southwest transect, separately for the genome average (thick black line; 95% CI in red), mtDNA (thick dash line), and 89 species-diagnostic SNPs (thin grey lines). (B) Selective coefficient s ∗ calculated from the cline widths, for a range of dispersal rates (σ). Twelve diagnostic SNPs featured clines with w ∼ 0 km, 11 with w = 2-4 km, while the rest span around the genome average.
Figure 1 in Hybrid zone genomics supports candidate species in Iberian Alytes obstetricans
Figure 1. Mitochondrial phylogeny of Alytes obstetricans (left, adapted from Gonçalves et al., 2015), distribution of the main lineages (inset map, adapted from Gonçalves et al., 2015; grey: unclear), and population genomics (433 SNPs) of the Catalonian hybrid zone (right). On the tree, the attributed subspecies (and species, see discussion) are indicated; note that lineage E segregates in almogavarii populations from the Pyrenees, but lacks nuclear differentiation (ghost mtDNA lineage, Maia-Carvalho et al., 2018). The lineages studied here are highlighted in bold. The Catalonian map displays the average nuclear ancestry of each population, based on the STRUCTURE analysis (K = 2). The barplots show individual nuclear and mitochondrial assignments. Photo: Alytes obstetricans (CD).
Species, hybrid and genotype effects on leaf litter curling, and their extended consequences for spiders and soil moisture dynamics
<p>This archive contains datasets from a group of studies testing the hypotheses that leaf litter curling is influenced by plant species, hybridization and genotype, and has extended consequences for associated organisms and soil processes. A novel litter curling index (LCI) was used to characterize the curling of newly senesced leaves. There are four distinct datasets represented here. 1) A dataset of LCI from 11 plant species (tall annual forb = <em>Helianthus annuus</em> L.; evergreen shrubs = <em>Arctostaphylos pungens</em> Kunth, <em>Quercus turbinella</em> Greene, <em>Rhus ovata</em> S. Watson; deciduous shrubs = <em>Rhus trilobata</em> Nutt., <em>Ribes cereum</em> Douglas, <em>Acer glabrum</em> Torr.; deciduous trees = <em>Elaeagnus angustifolia</em> L., <em>Quercus gambelii</em> Nutt., <em>Populus tremuloides</em> Michx., <em>Populus fremontii</em> S. Watson) mostly growing in natural habitats of Northern Arizona, USA. 2) A dataset containing LCI from two <em>Populus</em> species (<em>P.</em> <em>fremontii</em> James, <em>P. angustifolia</em> S. Watson) and their F1 hyrbids in a common garden in Ogden, UT, USA (including replicated genotypes of <em>P. angustifolia</em> but not the other tree types). 3) The third dataset examined the relationship between average LCI for a tree and the abundance of agilenid webs under <em>Populus</em> trees growing in a common garden; the LCI values are averages per tree from data collected for dataset 2, and previously published spider web data. 4) The last dataset contains litter and soil moisture values from a litter/soil drying experiment that tested the effect of litter curling on soil moisture dynamics. See the README file for more details on the different datasets.</p>
Six genome assemblies of Drosophila species for: Identification and genetic analysis of a pervasive "needle-eye" sperm phenotype in Drosophila sterile hybrid males
<p>Interspecies hybrid sterility has been extensively studied, especially in the genus <em>Drosophila</em>. Hybrid sterility is more often found in the heterogametic (XX or ZW) sex, a trend called Haldane's rule. Although this phenomenon is pervasive, identification of a common genetic mechanism remains elusive, with modest support found for a range of potential theories. Here, we identify a single precise morphological phenotype, which we call "needle-eye sperm," that is associated with hybrid sterility in three separate species pairs that span the <em>Drosophila</em> genus. The nature of the phenotype indicates a common point of meiotic failure in sterile hybrid males. We used ten generations of backcross selection paired with whole-genome pooled sequencing to genetically map the regions underlying the needle-eye sperm phenotype. Surprisingly, the sterility phenotype was present in ~50% of males even after ten generations of backcrossing, yet the genetic map showed multiple regions associated with sterility, indicating multiple regions may have the capacity to be sufficient to induce sterility in the F1. Due to the common phenotype among sterile male hybrids and the strong effect of individual loci, further exploration of the genes uncovered here may identify a universal mechanism for the evolution of hybrid sterility. </p>
FIGURE 8. Encyclia guadalupeae and related species. A. E. kennedy. B. E. guadalupeae. C. E in Encyclia × tixtlensis (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae), a possible natural hybrid between E. meliosma and E. atrorubens in Guerrero, México
FIGURE 8. Encyclia guadalupeae and related species. A. E. kennedy. B. E. guadalupeae. C. E. aenicta. Photographs by E.A. PérezGarcía (A) J.L. Salazar (B) and J. Valdez (C).
Supplementary material 1 from: Byerly AR, Jenck C, Goetz ARB, Weissman DB, Gray DA, Ross CL, Maroja LS, Larson EL (2023) Geographic variation in phenotypic divergence between two hybridizing field cricket species. Journal of Orthoptera Research 32(2): 189-200. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.32.90713
Supplementary material 1 from: Byerly AR, Jenck C, Goetz ARB, Weissman DB, Gray DA, Ross CL, Maroja LS, Larson EL (2023) Geographic variation in phenotypic divergence between two hybridizing field cricket species. Journal of Orthoptera Research 32(2): 189-200. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.32.90713
Assessing the population genetic structure of introduced rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Lake Tahoe basin: A case for understanding hybridization potential during the reintroduction of the native Endangered Species Act listed Lahontan cutthroat trout (O. clarkii henshawi)
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Data from: Wide prevalence of hybridization in two sympatric grasshopper species may be shaped by their relative abundances
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Data from: Genetic pollution of a threatened native crested newt species through hybridization with an invasive congener in the Netherlands
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Data from: Distinguishing the victim from the threat: SNP‐based methods reveal the extent of introgressive hybridization between wildcats and domestic cats in Scotland and inform future in situ and ex situ management options for species restoration
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.